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About The Battalion. (College Station, Tex.) 1893-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 11, 1978)
THE BATTALION MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1976 Page Presidential power cut Law revises 'crisis’ used. J United Press International WASHINGTON — A 40-year-old time bomb’ is about to be defused, tiding the possibility of a “lawful dictatorship” being set up in the Un ited States during a national mergency. Four states of emergency still in |)rce providing the president with veeping powers in times of crisis ill expire Thursday. New legislation will make it pos- pible for Congress to terminate {li tre states of emergency, even if the resident objects. The National Emergencies Act, which terminates the four jemergency states and governs such leclarations in the future, was iassed Sept. 14, 1976. The two-year delay in implemen- ition was to give the administration a chance to ask Congress for new statutes to replace the 407 laws that a president could have invoked under the states of emergency. I Sen. Charles Mathias, R-Md., the Irime mover behind the legislation, id, the two-year-old measure “de sses a time bomb at the heart of iovemment. “There has been in the United plates for upwards of 40 years the otential for lawful dictatorship Hinder the banner of national Emergency," Mathias said. He blamed aggressive presidents, lermissive congresses and succes- |ive crises for “the erosion of the tmcture of divided powers that is Ihe bedrock of our constitutional |ystem of government.” The states of emergency — de clared in 1933, 1950, 1970 and 1974 — gave a president the power to in stitute martial law, seize property and restrict travel. The chief executive also could send armed forces into action a- broad, take control of communica tions facilities and even set the stage for secret laws by shutting down the Federal Register. Mathias, bothered by the presi dent’s potential powers after watch ing executive actions in the Vietnam War, introduced a resolution in 1971 for a study of the state of emergency declared by President Truman during the Korean conflict. A year later, he joined Sen. Frank Church, D-Idaho, in introducing a resolution creating a special Senate committee to look into all the emergencies. The legislation that finally emerged from the committee study ended the four states of emergency and set standards for the future. No later than six months after a president declares a state of emergency, the Senate and House will vote on a resolution to deter mine if the emergency shall be ter minated. Any national emergency would automatically end after a year unless the president notified Congress 90 days in advance that it will still be in effect. The president would also have to inform Congress of all executive or ders pertaining to the emergency and make semiannual reports on any spending involved. Texas cities grabbed land to grow, UT teachers say United Press International AUSTIN, Texas — Annexation rather than migration from rural areas and other states has been the primary factor in the growth of Texas cities during the past three decades, two University of Texas teachers contend. Alfred J. Watkins, assistant pro fessor on the Department of Gov ernment at the University of Texas, and Arnold Fleischmann, a teaching assistant, said some cities in the state would have lost population since the end of World War II if they bad not extended their bound aries through annexation. “While popular literature on the rise of the Sun Belt suggests that migration is the primary cause of population increase, the major Texas cities would have faced lim ited growth rates since the end of World War II had they not acquired new territories, the two said in an article written for the Texas BusU ness Review. Without annexation, the state’s urban centers would resemble those of the industrial northeast, with de caying central cities and shrinking populations and tax bases. The most hectic pace of annexa tion came during the 1950s, when Dallas and Houston each added an additional 160 square miles to their boundaires, San Antonio and El Paso each added 90 square miles, Galveston annexed 76 square miles and Abilene and Lubbock each ex panded by more than 50 square miles. Legislation enacted in 1963 slowed the pace of annexation, hut % ES" un il drilling aiow-how an be sold United Press International WASHINGTON — Dresser In- lustries of Dallas has been told it ay continue its plans to sell $144 million worth of oil drilling technol- to the Russians, despite some fmiplaints the sale amounts to giv- gaway some military secrets. The Dresser license has been challenged to Sen. Henry Jackson, 3-Wash., who maintained the [technology could easily be applied :o weaponry, but Dresser has coun- red that none of the information [involves secrets and all of it is read ily available from other industries in other countries. President Carter sent word to ackson Wednesday that he was tanding firm on permits granted resser. “We felt all along that the presi- ent would make the right decision. Ve hope it has laid to rest doubts bout the sale, ” said Tom Campbell, i Dresser spokesman in Dallas. Campbell said the project would reate 2,000 jobs in 13 states. A spokesman for Jackson con- irmed Thursday “Sen. Jackson got he word yesterday that the decision las been made to let the licenses land.” Jackson wanted the licenses held jp while his investigations sub- )ommittee looked into the deal and he process by which the licenses were granted to Dresser. “Jackson had hoped they would defer the licenses until the sub committee completes its inquiry,” a ackson aide said. The company proposed to sell the Soviet Union an entire drill bit fac tory, including know-how, equip ment and a sophisticated welder that uses electron-beam technology. | After the export licenses had been granted, some officials such as Jackson and Energy Secretary James Schlesinger raised fears of the effect of the sale on petroleum pro duction patterns. Some also said the electronbeam welder could be turned to military uses such as producing special armor-piercing shells. Spokesmen for Dresser denied that charge at a news conference held Wednesday. The sale involves only commerical products and none of them included any technology the Russians either do not already have or could easily buy from other pro ducers, they said. Now You Know By United Press International Albert Einstein’s brain, removed for study in a 1955 autopsy, weighed 2.64 pounds — no heavier than that of the average person. 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