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About The Battalion. (College Station, Tex.) 1893-current | View Entire Issue (Dec. 8, 1976)
tool n and woman, United States anil lacked regime off, ol are denounced y Even Cambodia's y , fading in compaiixJ t and future. o Phnom Penh foimj ng contrast to I of neighboring I m. The Voice ofViei asting from Hanoi ai reels out the heavi doses, but its musiij dude American favon era and Chopin. t hiking trail | fLE ROCK, Ariel ita National Fores: J Oklahoma containsa t hiking trails, m cationalaswellasrem -mile loop atWalraiJ mple, interprets fors| issing through 55 s e. At Crystal Recreatnl one-mile trail will hal ■scribing a hardwoosij imble of rocks t r routes include a tl Conservation Corps trl ither one-mile I ; dealing with the res ■tween plant andanimli Citizens’ rights cited THE BATTALION Page WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1976 Grand jury subject of questions ifcstore all Tl & ts ta( watclief to $4995 misleading f triced at $191 HE POST OFFICE ifii mis IAS ON miN& I jr fellow students 'ou leave when you ed and on time, ased air >nds. Holidays. RVICE -AN YOU "E ARRIVE a.m. 5:00 p.m. u.m. 2:50 p.m. a.m. 6:30 p.m. a.m. 2:40 p.m. a.m. 7:20 a.m. •6-1774 Associated Press WASHINGTON — Take 23 ordi nary citizens, give them extraordi nary powers and call them a grand jury. Put them under the direction of a prosecutor determined to convict criminals, and shroud the whole op eration in secrecy. To Jill Raymond and others like her, that’s the formula for an out rageous abuse of the innocent, an equation that allows the government to trample on the rights of its citi zens. But to Richard Thornburgh, a fed eral prosecutor, and others who think as he does, the grand jury sys tem is a fair and effective way of breaking down the criminal con spiracies that conceal fraud, corrup tion, murder and all manner of Mafia evils. Ms. Raymond, an activist in the women’s movement, is among 50 people who have gone to jail since 1970 for refusing to answer a federal grand jury’s question. Dozens of others have been threatened with jail for not wanting to answer. Their experiences have fueled a debate over reform of the grand jury sys tem, and now Congress is giving se rious consideration to the issue. The reform movement involves only the 94 federal grand juries. There are state juries, too, hut they perate under different regulations, ome of them less stringent than the ederal system. A few states, how- ver, are experimenting with vari- us ways to diminish the duties of ocal grand juries. Some, for exam ple, allow certain criminal charges to be filed before magistrates, rather than being brought before grand juries. Critics of the federal system point to the case of Ms. Raymond, in her early 20s, who never committed a crime, but was imprisoned in March, 1975, and stayed in jail for nearly 14 months. She had refused to testify before a grand jury investigat ing the whereabouts of two anti- Vietnam war activists Katherine Ann Power and Susan Saxe, both fugi tives wanted on bank robbery charges. Ms. Saxe later was arrested. And there’s the case of Joanna Le Deaux, who was jailed in October, 1975, for eight months of her preg nancy lifter refusing to testify before a grand jury investigating the mur der of two FBI agents on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakfttar She was released only after giving birth to a son jn prison. There was no trial for these two women, no chance to tell their side of the story, no opportunity to allow an impartial jury to decide whether they should be jailed or should go free. They were simply brought be fore a judge who declared them in contempt of court and ordered them to prison. Is this fair? “Absolutely,” replies Thorn burgh, who is assistant attorney gen eral in charge of the Justice Depart ment’s criminal division. “There has to he some sanction for flouting a court order,’’ he said in an interview. “If a judge makes an or der, there has to he some sanction for violating it or the whole system falls apart. The courts have long held that they have a right to every man’s evidence. That is firmly established in the law.” Thornburgh argues that various reform proposals pending before House and Senate Judiciary sub committees would strip grand juries of their effectiveness. Atty. Gen. Edward H. Levi attacked all of the major proposals in testimony before a House subcommittee last June. But the Coalition to End Grand Jury Abuse has marshaled the sup port of a score of civil rights and civil liberties organizations to push for procedural changes in the federal grand jury system. In general, the reform bills intro duced in both houses of Congress would give grand jury witnesses many of the rights already provided for defendants in criminal trials and would limit the government’s power to compel grand jury testimony. The grand jury system goes back to 1166 when England’s King Henry II ordered periodic gatherings of a group ctf citizens from each village who swore to tell what they knew of crimes in the vicinity. The institution survived through the centuries and crossed the Atlan tic with the early settlers. When the Founding Fathers wrote the Bill of Rights, they required in the Fifth Amendment that “no person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous, crime except on presentment or indictment of a grand jury.” The same amendment provided that “no person . . . shall be com pelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.” As the federal system presently works, prosecutors must take all felony cases before a grand jury that reviews the evidence, questions HOUND driving to us* AGGIE ELEPHANTS MINIATURE ANIMALS ANTIQUE PRINTERS TYPESET DRAWERS HALTOM HOUSE 604 E. 24th St. BRYAN,TX. 10-5:30 DEC. 6-DEC. 21 witnesses and decides whether or not to return an indictment. If the grand jury indicts, the case proceeds to trial. If there is no indictment, the case ends. Witnesses called before the grand jury may refuse to testify on the ground that their answers might tend to incriminate them — the Fifth Amendment. But Congress, with the approval of the Supreme Court, developed a way to circum vent the Fifth Amendment. Upon request from a prosecutor, a federal judge may grant a witness immunity from criminal charges for any testimony he might give the grand jury. The witness then is com pelled to testify, whether he wants the immunity or not. If he continues to refuse, the court may find him in contempt and order him imprisoned for the life of the grand jury. That’s a maximum of 18 months. Grand jury critics argue that the system could force recalcitrant wit nesses behind bars for their entire lives. When they’re released after the 18-month term of one grand jury, they could be summoned be fore a new grand jury and again jailed for 18 months for refusing to testify. The cycle could be repeated again and again. In fact, that hasn’t happened. Sam Pizzigati, spokesman for the Coali tion to End Grand Jury Abuse, says that Ms. Raymond’s 14-month im prisonment is the record. Names in the news Sarah Churchill sued in Chicago Actress Sarah Churchill, daughter of Sir Winston Chur chill, has been accused by a Chicago publishing firm of breach of contract by keeping a $15,000 advance for an autobiog raphy that remains unwritten. The suit, filed yesterday in L T .S. District Court in Chicago on behalf of Henry Regnery Co., said Miss Churchill was to have written the book with author Charles Hamblett, who died two weeks after the contract was signed in March 1975. Prince is married Sweden’s Prince Bertil, 64, married Mrs. Lillian Craig, 60, his Welsh sweetheart of 33 years, in a royal ceremony. BertiTs father, the late King Gustav VI Adolf, had opposed the marriage after Bertil became next in line to the throne when his elder brother was killed in a plane crash. He would have lost his royal title had he defied the king’s wishes. The new king, 30-year- old Carl XVI Gustav, Berti nephew, approved the mania; this year and was among the 2( wedding guests yesterday. Snyder to leave Tom Snyder, host of NBC TV’s “Tomorrow Show,” is leav ing as co-anchorman of the loca; affiliate’s evening news show to do prime-time network docu mentaries, a network spokesmai ’ said. Snyder wil continue doing the “Tomorrow Show” from New York. BONUS SPECIAL — FOR AGGIES ONLY! clearance SOUND CENTER IS OFFERING AGGIES ITS LOWEST PRICES EVER.. . TO THANK THEM FOR THEIR SUPPORT WHICH HAS MADE SOUND CENTER ONE OF THE MOST RESPECTED LEADERS IN AUDIO EQUIPMENT IN TEXAS! BONUS GRADUATION GIFT SYSTEM AND COMPONENT DISCOUNTS TO GRADUATING AGGIES IN ADDITION TO CLEARANCE SPECIALS BELOW. Walter Emanuel, Class of ’60 Owner of Sound Center RECEIVERS ^ KENWOOD KR-5600 RECEIVER 40 watts per channel with no more than 0.5% total harmonic distortion. Reg. $359.95 SALE $299.95 RECEIVE A PAIR OF KOSS HEADPHONES WITH THE PURCHASE OF A KR-5600 KR-2600 15 watts per channel @ 0.8% THD . KR-3600 22 watts per channel @ 0.4% THD. KR-6600 60 watts per channel @ 0.3% THD . 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SALE SL-1500 $244.90 $189.00 SL-1400 $294.90 $229.00 SL-1300 $344.90 $274.00 SL-1350 $404.90 $309.00 SL-23 $184.90 $139.00 All with Audio-Technica 11-E Cartridge SojisiuL 3820 TEXAS AVENUE 846-3517 MEMBER SOCIETY OF AUDIO CONSULTANTS Layaways and Financing Available DON’T FORGET TO REGISTER FOR FREE PRIZES: SPEAKERS, TAPE DECKS, TURNTABLES, HEAD PHONES & GIFT CERTIFICATES. Name Address- Phone No. TURN IN THIS COUPON TO SOUND CENTER BY DECEMBER 23, 1976 . t!