Page 8/The Battalion/Tuesday, June 14, 1983
Policewomen try harder
than men, study shows
United Press International
NACOGDOCHES — A study
of attitudes among Texas and
Oklahoma policewomen con
cludes female peace officers are
less self-confident and make
fewer arrests than their male
counterparts but “try harder.”
The recently-released sur
vey, conducted by political scien
ce professors at Stephen F. Au
stin State University and Okla
homa State University, drew re
sponses from 2,900 officers in
45 Texas and Oklahoma police
departments. Of the respon
dents, 45 were policewomen.
The survey concluded most
policewomen are more worried
about the danger inherent in
their job than male officers but
don’t let it diminish their capabi
lities. .
“This, together, with their
self-assessed effectiveness, may
well suggest that the bottom line
with policewomen is that they
try harder,” the study stated.
Other results of the survey indi
cated:
•Policewomen tend to have a
more cynical attitude about hu
man nature than policemen and
are inclined to believe people
obey the law primarily because
of their fear of being caught.
•Policewomen, like their male
colleagues, do not equate a high
number of arrests with profes
sional effectiveness.
•Policewomen are more likely
to intervene in situations where
a law has been broken.
The study also stated women
appear less inclined than men to
make arrests, but arrests by
policewomen are more likely to
stand up in court.
“This could be a 20th Century
chivalry type of thing,” Stephen
F. Austin professor James Dick
son Jr. said of the lower number
of arrests by women. “The pre
sence of women might have a
calming effect on explosive
situations, where with police
men, you’ve got the male macho
kind of thing that varies from
man to man.”
The study does note that the
more hard-nosed view of au
thority held by policewomen
may stem from their sociological
conditioning.
“This would not be too sur
prising in view of the greater de
gree of discrimination that
women have experienced in
public life as compared to men,”
the study said. “Perhaps women,
often viewed as the carriers of
the culture’s norms, are, in fact,
more moral than men,” the
study continued. “If so, their
comparative tendency toward
authoritarianism, would not be
too surprising.”
The study also said their is
some evidence of a higher rate
of auto accidents among female
officers.
Dickson, and the two Oklaho
ma State University professors
conducting the study, said one
of its most startling results re
versed findings in earlier re
search which concluded police
women were less authoritarian
than male officers.
“We don’t know if it’s because
we got a bigger sampling than
other studies or what,” Dickson
said.
The survey also established
policwomen earn vastly lower
salaries than policemen, primar
ily due to a lack of seniority.
Of those who responded, 37
percent of the policewomen
made less than $ 13,000 per year.
Only 18.9 percent of the police
men surveyed made as little.
The study also revealed that
88.9 percent of the policemen
moonlighted, compared to 74.5
percent of the policewomen.
Oxen, Peace Corps teaching
farming methods in Togo
United Press International
HUNTSVILLE — Nine
young Peace Corps volunteers
have learned to comhiand con
vict plow oxen in French and will
take off for Africa this week to
teach farming methods that date
back to the Bronze Age.
Sam Houston State Universi
ty contracted with the Peace
Corps to teach primitive agricul
ture methods to the recent col-
lege graduates. On Friday, they
will fly from Houston Intercon
tinental Airport to Africa via
Europe and Lagos, Nigeria, to
spend three years among the
farmers of Togo, who, except
for one failed experiment with
tractors, traditionally farmed by
hand.
Kodzo Amasefe, 35, is a
Togolese Peace Corps official
who will accompany the trainees
to Togo to join the other 100-
plus Peace Corps volunteers
already there. He said the goal is
important.
“Traditionally, working with
a shorthandled hoe and
machete, a farmer can do by
himself one to one and a half
hectares, three acres,” Amasefe
said.“The new method is an
animal. He can clear three to
four times that area.”
That’s where the young
Americans came in. Their train-
has not been easy. Some
volunteers, including volunteer
Maurice Johnson, 25, of Boul
der, Colo., had been no closer to
large cattle than “on TV.”
“I was pretty scared,” said
Johnson, who has a degree in
international relations and eco
nomic development. “They are
bigger than I thought they’d be.
We all got kicked.
“I had a bruise to sit on for a
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staff photo by Brenda Dih
Ramez Botros, a sophomore geophysics major from
Houston, gives it all he’s got. Botros is taking
weight training during the First summer sesa
Hopefully it will get lighter with practice
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‘It’s just a point in space’
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few weeks,” Johnson said.
The 600-to 800-pound steers
— taken from the Texas prison
rodeo — do not like to work.
They do not like to plow in the
necessary straight rows for
farming. The volunteers have
been giving orders to the Texas
animals in French, the official
language of Togo. But they will
also have to contend with the
three local African dialects —
Ewe, Kabye and Lamba — and
cultural differences.
Linda Kassebaum, 24, who
just graduated from Kansas
State University with a veterin
ary medicine degree, is one of
three veterinarians in the group.
“I think the exciting thing is
that I will be needed,” she said.
“I’ll be able to look back and feel
I have done something that is
useful, that will be retained after
I’ve left.”
Pioneer exits solar systen
■Bilging a
■ to finar
United Press International
MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif.
— Pioneer 10, “one of the
greatest of the human achieve
ments,” Monday became the
first man-made object ever to
leave the solar system. Applause
broke out when a model of the
pioneer on the wall was moved
at 5 a.m. PDT past a red line
marking the orbit of Neptune,
currently the most distant
known planet from the sun. It
will take 4‘/a hours for the signal
from Pioneer to reach the Earth,
confirming its new location.
Jack Dyer, chief of the Spac-
raft operations, said it was
“thrilling that Pioneer 10 has
gotten farther from the sun than
any known planet.”
The 570-pound spacecraft
was originally designed for an
21-month mission to Jupiter but
has been sending signals back to
space experts for 11 years.
Dyer said that it could remain
in contact with Earth for
with Pioneer since the begin
ning, said the event was more
another decade, but he added:
“It will go out there forever —
until or unless it hits something.
There is a distinct possibility it
will still exist a lot longer than
the Earth does, because 5 billion
years from now the sun is ex
pected to explode and blow up
the Earth.”
Fred Wirth, who has been
emotional than scientific.
“It’s a significant event, but it
does not have as much signifi
cance for us scientists as it does
for the public. It’s like driving
down Interstate 5 if you cross
the state line into Oregon. No
thing significantly happens to
your car or to you. It’s just a
point in space,” he said.
But James Van Allen of the
University of Iowa, who disco
vered the Van Allen radiation
belt, said, “I consider Pioneer to
be one of the greatest of human
achievements.” Asked if Pioneer
could ever be intercepted by life
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considered the chances j 0 ^ was 1
finitesimal that anyociBTe bod
actually pick it up. I'tPy by a f
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know il there areanyint®
beings elsewhere in ikB
verse, but the chancesarij
small.”
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Already about 3 bloiB
from Earth and traveiB
almost 1 millionmilesai WASHES
ship will continue to Ik |£g an W(
back to earth until someiiB^ Mini
the early 1990s when its
transmitter is expected:
out of power.
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Regan says $700 tax limit
would hurt small business!
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United Press International
WASH INGTON — Treasury
Secretary Donald Regan told
representatives of small business
Monday that House Speaker
Thomas O’Neill’s proposed
$700 limit on the July tax cut
would mean higher taxes for
them.
Regan made that point in a
private meeting with leaders of
16 business groups.
He told reporters later, “All
of these small business execu
tives are unanimous that this
would hurt small business in the
United States and would hurt
the economy.”
Richard Lesher, president of
the U.S. Chamber of Commerce
and °ne of those present, said
his organization will lobby
against O’Neill’s proposal “with
everything we have.”
Regan planned to make a
similar pitch Tuesday in testi
mony to the House Ways and
Means Committee, a Treasury
Department source said.
Internal memos prepared by
Regan’s staff show that 2.4 mil
lion small business owners, or 86
percent, who pay individual
rather than corporate taxes,
would pay higher taxes if a $700
limit is placed on the July 1 tax
cut.
O’Neill proposed the limit on
President Reagan’s tax cut last
week, arguing it is time for the
3b*
nation’s wealthier taxpayers to
share the burden of reducing
the deficit by foregoing a por
tion of their cut. He said it would
save the government about $6
billion next year.
Under O’Neill’s plan, every
one would get the 10 percent
rate reduction, but no one
would get more than $700. He
said it would largely affect tax
payers with incomes over
$50,000.
He thinks a majority of House
Democrats supports his propos
al, and he believes he will have
enough votes to win House
approval. Senate Democrats also
are cautiously optimistic that
with the help of a handful of
moderate Republicans, they can
win in the Senate.
But President Ronald Reagan
has vowed to veto any limitation
or repeal of the third installment
of his three-year, 25-percent tax
cut program that 3r photogi
approved in 1981. tenched R
Treasury Departmeni Statures sc
prepared for the preset Igi ve mar
show the brunt of theJWBIthough
tation would fall on r -B n s have
income Americans, "iW
poor and the wealthy 1
any significant change. I lair
Two-income fatnifeB y
taxable incomes underI—I
would get their full ^B 1
according to Treason B
Families with taxable i^f j, .
over $109,400 already^ HOUSTC
their big tax break bodies of a
when the maximum $
dropped from 70 to^ 'hbedded ii
Treasury maintains :tjF e founc
payers with incomes l )f B r north'
$35,200 and $109,T aen b polio
pay average of 14.5 fB Police :
while rates for income e | a y have l
ies above and below th^Bsta 1 '}' or
would be 21 percentorPlhecause
"side. Det
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