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About The Battalion. (College Station, Tex.) 1893-current | View Entire Issue (June 14, 1983)
Page 8/The Battalion/Tuesday, June 14, 1983 Policewomen try harder than men, study shows United Press International NACOGDOCHES — A study of attitudes among Texas and Oklahoma policewomen con cludes female peace officers are less self-confident and make fewer arrests than their male counterparts but “try harder.” The recently-released sur vey, conducted by political scien ce professors at Stephen F. Au stin State University and Okla homa State University, drew re sponses from 2,900 officers in 45 Texas and Oklahoma police departments. Of the respon dents, 45 were policewomen. The survey concluded most policewomen are more worried about the danger inherent in their job than male officers but don’t let it diminish their capabi lities. . “This, together, with their self-assessed effectiveness, may well suggest that the bottom line with policewomen is that they try harder,” the study stated. Other results of the survey indi cated: •Policewomen tend to have a more cynical attitude about hu man nature than policemen and are inclined to believe people obey the law primarily because of their fear of being caught. •Policewomen, like their male colleagues, do not equate a high number of arrests with profes sional effectiveness. •Policewomen are more likely to intervene in situations where a law has been broken. The study also stated women appear less inclined than men to make arrests, but arrests by policewomen are more likely to stand up in court. “This could be a 20th Century chivalry type of thing,” Stephen F. Austin professor James Dick son Jr. said of the lower number of arrests by women. “The pre sence of women might have a calming effect on explosive situations, where with police men, you’ve got the male macho kind of thing that varies from man to man.” The study does note that the more hard-nosed view of au thority held by policewomen may stem from their sociological conditioning. “This would not be too sur prising in view of the greater de gree of discrimination that women have experienced in public life as compared to men,” the study said. “Perhaps women, often viewed as the carriers of the culture’s norms, are, in fact, more moral than men,” the study continued. “If so, their comparative tendency toward authoritarianism, would not be too surprising.” The study also said their is some evidence of a higher rate of auto accidents among female officers. Dickson, and the two Oklaho ma State University professors conducting the study, said one of its most startling results re versed findings in earlier re search which concluded police women were less authoritarian than male officers. “We don’t know if it’s because we got a bigger sampling than other studies or what,” Dickson said. The survey also established policwomen earn vastly lower salaries than policemen, primar ily due to a lack of seniority. Of those who responded, 37 percent of the policewomen made less than $ 13,000 per year. Only 18.9 percent of the police men surveyed made as little. The study also revealed that 88.9 percent of the policemen moonlighted, compared to 74.5 percent of the policewomen. Oxen, Peace Corps teaching farming methods in Togo United Press International HUNTSVILLE — Nine young Peace Corps volunteers have learned to comhiand con vict plow oxen in French and will take off for Africa this week to teach farming methods that date back to the Bronze Age. Sam Houston State Universi ty contracted with the Peace Corps to teach primitive agricul ture methods to the recent col- lege graduates. On Friday, they will fly from Houston Intercon tinental Airport to Africa via Europe and Lagos, Nigeria, to spend three years among the farmers of Togo, who, except for one failed experiment with tractors, traditionally farmed by hand. Kodzo Amasefe, 35, is a Togolese Peace Corps official who will accompany the trainees to Togo to join the other 100- plus Peace Corps volunteers already there. He said the goal is important. “Traditionally, working with a shorthandled hoe and machete, a farmer can do by himself one to one and a half hectares, three acres,” Amasefe said.“The new method is an animal. He can clear three to four times that area.” That’s where the young Americans came in. Their train- has not been easy. Some volunteers, including volunteer Maurice Johnson, 25, of Boul der, Colo., had been no closer to large cattle than “on TV.” “I was pretty scared,” said Johnson, who has a degree in international relations and eco nomic development. “They are bigger than I thought they’d be. We all got kicked. “I had a bruise to sit on for a A SUMMER FULL OF FUN FOR YOUR SCHOOL AGE CHILD. FULL & HALF PAY PROGRAMS AVAILABLE ALL SUMMER. OUR ACTIVITIES INCLUDE: ★ SKATING ★ FIELD TRIPS ★ MINI-GOLF ★ SWIMMING ★ ARTS & CRAFTS ★ BOWLING ★ WATER SLIDES ★ MOVIES ★ MUCH, MUCH MORE Plus introducing our new COMPUCAMP A computer lab for your child! 5 Convenient Locations, Over 20 Yrs. Experience BRYAN Kiddo Campus 4351 Carter Creek Pkwy. 846-1037 Royal Tot 110 Royal 846-4503 COLLEGE STATION Wee Aggieland Care-A-Lot 1711 Village Drive 900 University 693-9900 Oaks Blvd. 693-1987 Happy Day 1024 Balcones Drive 696-9062 Investing in the future. A sound education is her best guarantee of happiness later in life. And that education should go far beyond school books. Allen Academy is Texas’ oldest boys’ pri vate college preparatory school. Our stu dents leam to succeed in a rapidly changing world. Our curriculum includes computing and the modem sciences. But our educa tional program focuses on each student as an individual. Allen offers students with average to superior ability the opportunity to develop mental, physical and moral competence in a structured, yet friendly environment. Our day school program is co-educational in grades 1-12. The boarding program is for boys in grades 9-12. Our goal is to teach our students integrity, self-discipline, responsibility and an active desire to leam and to succeed. For information on enrollment for the 1983-84 school year, call or write the Headmaster. ALLEN ACADEMY A distinguished school for modern youth Box 953 ♦ Bryan, Texas 77806 ♦ (409) 779-0066 _ United Ipplki wee £apt; [ear explos of a ( Boor JBernmen tojk' sls to ^ Tied his jBeverly lOlion anc j^lear exj: J6, some mushre |ts. iince hi suffe ihysem; blackoi from indsand his i nert sai years :d doo Illy has t Ifradiat: Oh! I he pain! staff photo by Brenda Dih Ramez Botros, a sophomore geophysics major from Houston, gives it all he’s got. Botros is taking weight training during the First summer sesa Hopefully it will get lighter with practice ide United 1 LOS AN< ‘It’s just a point in space’ Bam bed ■ariety : Jlexander Beared ; few weeks,” Johnson said. The 600-to 800-pound steers — taken from the Texas prison rodeo — do not like to work. They do not like to plow in the necessary straight rows for farming. The volunteers have been giving orders to the Texas animals in French, the official language of Togo. But they will also have to contend with the three local African dialects — Ewe, Kabye and Lamba — and cultural differences. Linda Kassebaum, 24, who just graduated from Kansas State University with a veterin ary medicine degree, is one of three veterinarians in the group. “I think the exciting thing is that I will be needed,” she said. “I’ll be able to look back and feel I have done something that is useful, that will be retained after I’ve left.” Pioneer exits solar systen ■Bilging a ■ to finar United Press International MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. — Pioneer 10, “one of the greatest of the human achieve ments,” Monday became the first man-made object ever to leave the solar system. Applause broke out when a model of the pioneer on the wall was moved at 5 a.m. PDT past a red line marking the orbit of Neptune, currently the most distant known planet from the sun. It will take 4‘/a hours for the signal from Pioneer to reach the Earth, confirming its new location. Jack Dyer, chief of the Spac- raft operations, said it was “thrilling that Pioneer 10 has gotten farther from the sun than any known planet.” The 570-pound spacecraft was originally designed for an 21-month mission to Jupiter but has been sending signals back to space experts for 11 years. Dyer said that it could remain in contact with Earth for with Pioneer since the begin ning, said the event was more another decade, but he added: “It will go out there forever — until or unless it hits something. There is a distinct possibility it will still exist a lot longer than the Earth does, because 5 billion years from now the sun is ex pected to explode and blow up the Earth.” Fred Wirth, who has been emotional than scientific. “It’s a significant event, but it does not have as much signifi cance for us scientists as it does for the public. It’s like driving down Interstate 5 if you cross the state line into Oregon. No thing significantly happens to your car or to you. It’s just a point in space,” he said. But James Van Allen of the University of Iowa, who disco vered the Van Allen radiation belt, said, “I consider Pioneer to be one of the greatest of human achievements.” Asked if Pioneer could ever be intercepted by life ■n in 'ork the cc lined posi in another galaxy, hesB victim considered the chances j 0 ^ was 1 finitesimal that anyociBTe bod actually pick it up. I'tPy by a f eekeeper know il there areanyint® beings elsewhere in ikB verse, but the chancesarij small.” Ku\ Already about 3 bloiB from Earth and traveiB almost 1 millionmilesai WASHES ship will continue to Ik |£g an W( back to earth until someiiB^ Mini the early 1990s when its transmitter is expected: out of power. White inter Jig ties b I stress Its on ec Regan says $700 tax limit would hurt small business! ncerns. lHawke ; jjo hours < Bed a w stpected t fas of ger (test to w! ial calle nip betwee iThe two I United Press International WASH INGTON — Treasury Secretary Donald Regan told representatives of small business Monday that House Speaker Thomas O’Neill’s proposed $700 limit on the July tax cut would mean higher taxes for them. Regan made that point in a private meeting with leaders of 16 business groups. He told reporters later, “All of these small business execu tives are unanimous that this would hurt small business in the United States and would hurt the economy.” Richard Lesher, president of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and °ne of those present, said his organization will lobby against O’Neill’s proposal “with everything we have.” Regan planned to make a similar pitch Tuesday in testi mony to the House Ways and Means Committee, a Treasury Department source said. Internal memos prepared by Regan’s staff show that 2.4 mil lion small business owners, or 86 percent, who pay individual rather than corporate taxes, would pay higher taxes if a $700 limit is placed on the July 1 tax cut. O’Neill proposed the limit on President Reagan’s tax cut last week, arguing it is time for the 3b* nation’s wealthier taxpayers to share the burden of reducing the deficit by foregoing a por tion of their cut. He said it would save the government about $6 billion next year. Under O’Neill’s plan, every one would get the 10 percent rate reduction, but no one would get more than $700. He said it would largely affect tax payers with incomes over $50,000. He thinks a majority of House Democrats supports his propos al, and he believes he will have enough votes to win House approval. Senate Democrats also are cautiously optimistic that with the help of a handful of moderate Republicans, they can win in the Senate. But President Ronald Reagan has vowed to veto any limitation or repeal of the third installment of his three-year, 25-percent tax cut program that 3r photogi approved in 1981. tenched R Treasury Departmeni Statures sc prepared for the preset Igi ve mar show the brunt of theJWBIthough tation would fall on r -B n s have income Americans, "iW poor and the wealthy 1 any significant change. I lair Two-income fatnifeB y taxable incomes underI—I would get their full ^B 1 according to Treason B Families with taxable i^f j, . over $109,400 already^ HOUSTC their big tax break bodies of a when the maximum $ dropped from 70 to^ 'hbedded ii Treasury maintains :tjF e founc payers with incomes l )f B r north' $35,200 and $109,T aen b polio pay average of 14.5 fB Police : while rates for income e | a y have l ies above and below th^Bsta 1 '}' or would be 21 percentorPlhecause "side. 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