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About The Battalion. (College Station, Tex.) 1893-current | View Entire Issue (Jan. 19, 1981)
|! ? Page 4B THE BATTALION MONDAY, JANUARY 19, 1981 Scientists hope to ‘MAP’ planets with computer Justice shakes Texas United Press International PITTSBURGH — Astronomers this year plan to train sensitive electronic instruments on nearby stars in an unprecedented effort to probe the universe for worlds beyond the sun’s family of planets. The recently-organized Extrasolar Planetary Foundation eventual ly will examine more than 500 stars for evidence of systems similar to the Earth and the eight other planets that rotate around the sun. “As a fledgling space race, humanity stands once again at the edge of a vast, new frontier, ” the foundation writes. “This time it is one that can encompass all of our restlessness and curiousity, presenting endless new worlds of the unexpected.” Dr. George Gatewood, head of the University of Pittsburgh’s Allegheny Observatory, will direct the first phase of the effort — this summer’s examination of 50 nearby stars for evidence of planetary systems. “We see this thing as a very long-range venture,” said Gatewood. “We see mankind eventually venturing to the stars. It won’t be soon, but when he goes he’s going to to need a road map.” To draw that map, Gatewood and his colleagues will use a Mul tichannel Astrometric Photometer, or MAP, which is an electronic instrument capable of receiving in one hour the same amount of information it would take a conventional telescope a year to gather. The MAP looks at a large field of stars and records how one star moves relative to the others. Although the planets themselves would be too faint to see, by measuring this relative movement from night to night Gatewood believes the bodies will produce a recognizable pat tern. The only known planets are within the solar system, but Gatewood said, “it’s conceivable that the universe is teeming with planetary systems.” He said the foundation will examine Barnard’s Star, the second closest to the sun at a distance of six light years, because in 1961 astronomers found that it had a slight “wobble,” leading to speculation it has has least one planet orbiting it. The 50 stars Gatewood will examine next year are within 40 light years, or 240 trillion miles, of the solar system. He expects the MAP at Allegheny Observatory to detect any planets the size of Jupiter or Saturn, and perhaps slightly smaller. Districtjudge holds onto principles despite their unpopularity United Press International TYLER—Texas has been ordered to improve conditions in the nation’s largest prison system and to expand bilingual public education. For many, those orders came from an unwelcome source: a federal judge in a small East Texas town who has been changing Texas’ ways for 12 years. U.S. District Judge William Wayne Justice, after a year-long, non-jury trial of an 8-year-old inmate lawsuit, issued a sweeping opinion Dec. 12 finding Texas prisons guilty of numerous violations of inmate rights. A month later, after yet another hearing in a 10-year-old de segregation case, Justice called for more Spanish-English bilingual edu cation classes in the state’s public schools. In his emotional prison reform opinion, Justice blasted overcrowd ing, understaffing, poor protection of inmates from each other, inadequate medical care, unconstitutional disci pline procedures and illegal interfer ence with inmates seeking access to courts. He said some prisons violate the state fire code. “These iniquitous and distressing circumstances are prohibited by the great constitutional principles that no human being, regardless of how disfavored by society, shall be sub jected to cruel and unusual punish ment or be deprived of the due pro cess of law within the United States of America,” Justice wrote. In his bilingual education ruling, he found that the existing average of three years of bilingual training in Texas schools is not sufficient to eli minate the vestiges of racial, ethnic and national origin discrimination. Again he wrote with emotion: “The tragic legacy of discrimination will not be swept away in the course of a day or a week or a single school year. But these children deserve, at the very least, an opportunity to achieve a productive and fulfilling place in American society. The more quickly the ethnic injustices of the past can be overcome, the sooner this nation can face, as one people, the challenges of the future.” In both cases, lamenting the fai lure of state government to meet constitutional requirements volun tarily, Justice gave lawyers for plain tiffs and the State of Texas a deadfine for proposing detailed solutions to the problems cited in his opinions. He gave lawyers for plaintiff in- “The most stylish musical yOU’ll ever WitneSS.” —NY Daily News Electrifying, dazzling, heart-stopping!” — Rex Reed “Sexy. Fosse’s choreography moves on a tremendous erotic pulse.” —Newsweek Two exciting performances! Saturday, January 24: 3 p.m. and 8 p.m, Tickets available at MSC Box Office or Telephone VISA/MasterCard orders & pick up at the door. 845-2916 mates, the defendant State of Texas and the intervening Justice Depart ment until Feb. 15 to draft specific proposals to remedy unconstitution al conditions in the state prisons. Lawyers for plaintiff school children have until March 9 to propose ways to expand bilingualism in Texas schools. Justice afterward will issue his own instructions to the state. In his Dec. 12 prison suit opinion, Justice suggested his final order will mandate major changes: expanded use of parole and work release prog rams to reduce prison populations; the hiring of more guards and medic al personnel; the breakup of existing prisons into smaller administrative units, and the reorientation of prison construction programs away from large rural prisons toward smaller, more manageable urban and surbur- ban facilities. Although the inmates’ lawyer, William B. Turner of San Francisco, says the state could accomplish the necessary changes for less, one esti mate has put the cost of Justice’s ex pected prison reforms as high as $3 bilfion — if his final order withstands appeal. In his bilingual education ruling, Justice indicated he will order Texas to offer more years of bilingual public education. Plaintiffs want bilingual training through high school. The state, which has worried about the cost and its inability to find bilingual teachers, wants something less. Jus tice will decide — again assuming he is affirmed if there is an appeal. Who is the man exercising this enormous power? Texans already knew Justice as the judge who integrated many of their schools, blocked clearcutting in some East Texas national forests, protected what he perceived to be the rights of aliens, and otherwise angered many of the state’s conser vatives. In many ways, he is a less famous Texas version of Montgomery, Ala., federal judge Frank Johnson who, before his elevation to the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, struck down racial barriers and supervised much of Alabama government, in cluding the state’s prisons. Justice is a descendant of Alabama slaveholders driven to Texas by the destruction of the Civil War. His father, Will Justice, was a farm boy and teacher who, after hard-won part-time training, became a suc cessful criminal defense lawyer and less successful small-time politician. Although probably a traditionalist or at least passive to racial arrange ments in his day, Will Justice and his wife, Jackie May, were known for their kindness and generosity — and Will Justice developed early ties to the populism that passed for liberal ism in East Texas. “My father and Wayne Justice s father were very close friends, re calls former Sen. Ralph Yarborough, D-Texas. “My father was a very avid supporter of Justice s father in all of his campaigns. In turn, when I started running for statewide office, Wayne’s father made speeches for Justice, a good high school stu dent, began working in his father s law office as a teenager, but the head start did not prevent him from gra duating in the bottom half of his Uni versity of Texas law school class in 1942. He has told friends he prob ably worked less because he knew he had a job with his father. After graduation, Justice joined the Army and became a field artillery lieutenant. He never saw combat. He was en route to the Burma-India theater when the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. Justice went to work in his father’s law office and served as part-time city attorney in Athens. He was ac tive in Yarborough’s senate cam paigns, helped in Lyndon b. John son’s 1948 campaign for the U.S. Senate and was Henderson County manager for John F. Kennedy and Johnson in 1960. Kennedy rewarded him in 1961 by appointing him U.S. attorney in Tyler. His service as chief federal pro secutor in East Texas attracted little notice. In 1968, Yarborough and Johnson rewarded Justice again by elevating him to federal district judge. He soon stirred controversy with rulings that forbade discrimina tion against hippies, blacks and Mex- ican-Americans. Yarborough is proud of the appointment: “He is fearless, consci entious, a constitutionalist.” Friendly lawyers, like Justice’s former law clerk Hank Skelton, praise him: “He’s a man who be lieves very strongly in democratic principles, in egalitarian principles. He’s willing to make the hard deci sions.” Opposing lawyers, who ask to re main anonymous, respect him: “I’ve never failed to get a fair trial in his court. While I do not agree with him politically or philosophically, I still say that he has integrity and tries to do what he thinks is right. ” State officials forced to acknow ledge his sway sometimes are less complimentary. Texas Department of Corrections Director Jim Estelle, commenting publicly on Justice’s prison reform opinion, recently lamented the lack of competence on the federal bench. Chief Justice Warren Burger thought enough of Justice to make him a member of the ethics panel for the federal judiciary. He appears; stickler for propriety. A Beaum* law firm this Christmas sent Just® case of liquor, a box of candy mj some flowers. Astonished at the® pertinence, he ordered it all ^ turned. Justice has a reputation for stej fairness softened by courtly courts on the bench, but the courtesy so* times is not returned. Resentmentj his opinions sometimes causes i neighbors to avoid pleasantries oi the street. He speaks if spoken b Justice has found friendships o: the bench. Until Frank Johns# elevation to the appeals court ps some professional distance betwet them. Justice considered Johnst one of his best friends and some® he especially enjoyed telephoning# seeing at professional meetings. Justice also likes reporters and® joys talking to them for background though not for quotation or attrit tion. He forbids his secretary or cu rent law clerks to be quoted. Her# fers interviewers to other ffiendsi# quotable material. Justice is sensitive to social sli[ his wife has suffered in Tyler, Sk Justice has her hair done by fedenl job-training students at Barra Beauty School because other beauS cians have refused her in the past Mrs. Justice — perhaps a bit mort serene about it all because thronp her family she owns some EastTeia oil property (it occasionally fora Justice to withdraw from cases)- suspects a decade of unfriendlines! has thawed enough that she use a regular beautician, but, asd Christmas, she had not yet triedit The Justices recently sold spacious two-story house which ra once the heart of a threat. The Tea legislature threatened to build art- form school next door to the housen retaliation for one of his decisions They are living in an apartment until a new home is finished. Hit judge, whose $61,000-plus salm allows some luxury, has not disclose: its cost. It is smaller than the ol house but is rising in an expensivt neighborhood. Justice’s 43-county responsihite means moving his court from TyB to Sherman to Paris and back to Tyler over the course of a year. His unfulfilled ambition istobes federal appellate judge. He likestk scholarly research and opinion writ ing of the appellate bench. He has told friends he pr missed his chance in the lastroundd appointment? by President Carter With his liberal reputation, likely will not be promoted by incoming Reagan Administration Even if a liberal Democrat the White House in 1984, Jusfc figures he will be too old. W. lywcx serva Tuesi Wash n Wash jectei millic as an Th butp billed than i Nash' Rc more wood ness i becon Fr Mem Boom nikov, Veree Newh Lou 1 Herm ry Jar Choir Th( nation throuj Bu concei much and th Carter It goven an enc Johnsc Frank! 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