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About The Battalion. (College Station, Tex.) 1893-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 10, 1977)
Inside Today: Razorback writes in, p. 2. Playboy bunny drops in, p. 7. Hog QB, et al, coming in, p. 10. The Battalion VqI. 71 No. 51 10 Pages Thursday, November 10, 1977 College Station, Texas News Dept. 845-2611 Business Dept. 845-2611 hockley, Goldsby debate IQ factors LIZ NEWLIN and KIM TYSON Battalion Staff iloring the reasons behind the 15- advantage whites have over blacks in IQ test scores. Dr. William Shockley Dr. Richard Goldsby debated influ- I s on intelligence in Rudder Auditor- Wednesday night. l(ie program, attended by approxi- ,500 persons, was co-sponsored by Black Awareness and Great Issues ittees. loderator at the debate was Dr. Jim .professor at Texas A&M. He noted this debate was unusual because percent of Shockley’s attempted irances in 1977 have been called oft to student protest. The two men have ited about 10 times before, le mean or average measurable IQ score for whites is 100, and for blacks The two disagree on the causes of the rence in the scores. lockley, a Stanford University profes- and recipient of the Nobel Prize for doping the transistor, said variance in lligenceis mostly hereditary. Goldsby, ofessor of chemistry and microbiology he University of Maryland, said ironmental factors significantly affect lest scores. lie variance in IQ test scores is caused the additive effect of genetics, ronment and test error, Shockley said, ity percent, about 12 points of the 15 it spread, is due to genetics, he said. that the figure may be low, that tics may have an even greater effect : Q- reason for his investigation, he said, the moral obligation to diagnose the :rican Negro tragedy of statistical IQ cit. manifests itself in the newspaper , he said, in unemployment of black lower economic status, pool ironmental conditions and high licide and crime rates for blacks, e pointed to a 1970 census report that Harm blacks have a high fertility rate low socioeconomic status, with socioeconomic status defined as a measure of wealth, formal education and position in society (SES). “Intelligence potential...tends to go up as the SES of the parent goes up...this may mean a down-breeding of the black population. If this goes on, the relief bur den will increase,’ Shockley said. If the trend continues, he said, the poor babies with “inferior genes” will be the ones who are hurt the most. “To oppose the moral obligation to diagnose any serious national problem is like opposing the Red Cross or motherhood,” he said. “The statistical IQ deficit does not imply inferiority for every Negro, but it does predict tragic statistical social disadvan tages in academics, employment and SES, he said. Shockley relied on scientific studies and graphs in his presentation while Goldsby used anecdotes and different studies. “Appropriate environmental interven tion can raise the IQ even of blacks,” Goldsby said. “My job is to report to you the studies that show that it is possible to raise the IQ of blacks to something that approximates the mean IQ of whites. ” He cited three studies which concluded that environment affected blacks’ IQs. In the “Philadelphia Story, a group made an extensive statistical study of babies in Bos ton and Philadelphia. Black and white babies with the same SES had a three to four point difference in IQ scores rather than the national difference, 15 points. “It tells you if you very carefully match the socioeconomic status...you find the difference tends to shrink,” Goldsby said. A five-year study in Milwaukee placed some poor black children in special weekly intellectual development programs. It also provided “mother’s helpers’ and vo cational training for the children’s parents. The control group, composed of poor black children from the same neighborhoods, received none of these benefits. At the end of the study, Goldsby said, the ex perimental group’s mean IQ was 115 while the control group’s IQ averaged 90. The third study he cited involved black youngsters adopted into white families in Minneapolis. Their IQ scores rose 16 to 20 points, he said. “Experiments clearly say with environmental intervention you can in crease IQ scores. “It is pessimistic to conclude the tragedy (of lower black IQs) is based on DNA sequences,” he said, citing job op portunities and education as the main cause. “It’s easier to collect welfare than find a job in many American cities.” He suggested better education and community organization as possible so lutions to the problem. “If you make the proper environmental interventions, all kinds of groups can make it in the United States,” Goldsby said. A reception in the Memorial Student Center followed the debate. Shockley re quested and was scheduled to host a semi nar on his theories in the MSC this morn ing. William Shockley (left) and Richard Goldsby debated the controversial topic of genetically or environmentally determined intelligence before a packed Rudder Auditorium audience Wednesday night. Battalion photo by Susan Webb Costs outweigh possible benefits Local agencies oppose dam By GARY WELCH Editor’s note: this is the second of three stories examining the long-proposed Mil- lican Dam. In this story—the costs in volved. The series will conclude Friday. Area citizens must pay major economic and environmental costs if they are to realize the benefits of the proposed Milli- can Dam. But some agencies and citizens are not willing to pay these costs because they believe the costs far outweigh the po tential benefits. “The cost-benefit ratio is negative be cause of large coal and oil reserves in the proposed lake area,” Coulter Hoppess, president of the Brazos River Improve ment Association (BRIA) said recently. “The Millican reservoir as proposed would flood two major lignite deposits and a pro ducing oil field which runs from west Jonth-long shoremen’s strike costs few Orleans more than $50 million United Press International EW ORLEANS — A longshoremen’s ;e has cost the nation’s second largest more than $50 million so far and the increases by $500,000 every day workers honor the walkout, officials lenry Joffray, assistant port director, Wednesday the strike by longshore- against containerized or automated ;o vessels cost the city anywhere be tween $400,000 and $500,000 per day. “We lost about $20 million in the week and a half,” Joffray said of a strike against all ships last month. Since then, however 1 , longshoremen have limited their strike to only con tainerized cargo ships. The total loss, so far, has been about $50 million, Joffray said. “This is a direct economic loss. The longer it (the strike) goes, the less you pick. The West is still working and we have no way of knowing what’s going on out there.” Members of the International Long shoreman’s Association in ports from New York to Texas have held a selective strike against containerized ships since Sept. 31, when their union contracts expired. Joffray said the strike has cut the port’s activity by 20 percent. ilan charged with shootings solated because of outbreaks United Press International IEW ORLEANS — A former Internal venue Service auditor charged with unding 10 persons during a shooting 'page has been ordered held in isola- because authorities says he has been olved in four violent outbreaks since bis est. Carlos Poree, 35, who is being held tier $1.3 million bond, Wednesday was lered kept in a special medical holding room at the parish prison after police said he became involved in four separate violent outbreaks against officers following his arrest. Orleans Parish Sheriff Charles Foti said the last incident occurred Wednesday night when Poree allegedly tried to punch a medic helping doctors who began psychiatric tests on the prisoner. Police said Poree tried to hit officers Monday during questioning about the middle-class to Bourbon shootings which began in a neighborhood and spread Street and the downtown business district. Poree was subdued, but his face was badly beaten in a second scuffle with offi cers who booked him for 10 shootings. H e was treated at Charity Hospital where a spokesman said he tried to grab a guard’s gun. One shot was fired, but no one was injured. “Our break bulk operations are back to normal after the general strike was called off, but our container ships are still ex periencing difficulties,” Joffray said. “I think during that two week period we were in general strike we lost a certain amount of cargo. But I think now most of them are back. ” Joffray said many ships were diverted to other ports and other shippers were afraid to return to New Orleans because of the uncertainty about the port situation. Ed Reed, port director, said a break down of the daily $500,000 loss during the strike would be: • 45 percent in economic loss to long shoremen out of work. • 15 percent sustained by rail car hand lers, loaders and unloaders and storage facilities. • 12 percent economic loss to rail, barge and motor freight operators. • 10 percent monetary loss by ship handlers or suppliers. • 6 percent loss in piloting fees and line handling charges. • 2 percent loss in what ship crews would spend in the area. • 10 percent economic loss to port- related industries. Madison and Grimes counties across the Navasota River. They are bringing in about an oil well a week right now. “If you flood about $3 billion worth of coal you have to count that amount against the project,” Hoppess said. About 250 bil lion tons of coal exist in the 20,000-acre, seven-foot-thick coal seam, he said. Discovery of the lignite has forced the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to discon tinue planning for the dam, said Jim Her bert, executive officer at the Corps of En gineers’ district office in Fort Worth. “The Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Bureau of Mines are looking into the lig nite situation to determine if it is indeed, commercially extractable,” Herbert said. “Right now, with the emphasis on energy, progress has halted until the total amount of potential energy is determined. Hoppess said Congress appropriated no money in the 1978 budget for planning of the dam. It was for the first cut in Millican funding in 24 years. According to the local Environmental Action Council (EAC), the Corps of Engineers has spent over $2 mil lion since 1971 for preconstruction plans and studies. “There is no demonstrable benefit rec ognizable from the dam,” said Cornelius Van Bavel, chairman of the EAC’s Water Resources Committee. “The decision to cut funds was not environmental but eco nomical.” For the past decade the EAC has worked to demonstrate that a burden would be placed upon the local taxpayer for road construction and maintenance at the reservoir, as well as sewage control and law enforcement in the area. Van Bavel said he feels the dam situation has not been discussed fairly to allow consid eration to all sides of the issue. “I am in favor of open discussion,” he said. “I object to Congress making deci sions apparently without consulting the af fected groups.” The EAC has estimated that skyrocket ing construction costs could push Milli- can’s price tag up to $250 million by the mid-1980s. Pig chase adds excitement, spirit Giving a soap-slathered pig a free ride is one of 10 teams that participated in the greased pig chase Wednesday night at the Animal Husbandry Pavilion. Battalion photo by Susan Webb By CAROLYN BLOSSER Last night 160 Aggies found a slick new way to add a little excitement to their lives. They participated in the second annual “Greased Pig Chase,” held in the Animal Science Pavilion. The event, sponsored by the Memorial Student Center Recreational Committee, was held in an effort to promote Aggie spirit for this Saturday’s A&M-Arkansas football game. The object of the Greased Pig Chase was simple. Teams comprised of four members each had to run to one end of the arena, pick up a slippery pig, and cany it back to the other end in as little time as possible. The team with the fastest time won. However, certain rules made the event a little more difficult than it sounds. Male contestants were not allowed to wear shirts since they might help in capturing the pig. The pig had to be carried by the belly, not by the feet. Also, only one team member could carry the pig at a time, but all four members had to carry the pig at least six feet. Because of time restrictions, team entries were limited to 40, and 60 teams had to be turned down, said Freeman Fisher, chairman of the com mittee. He said the overwhelming response will result in another greased pig chase in the spring. Contestants didn’t seem to have much trouble catching the pigs greased down with Ivory Liquid dishwashing soap. The hard part was passing the pig from one team member to another. If the pig was dropped the team had to start over. Why would students want to spend a Wednesday evening chasing squeal ing swines? Mainly to try to win the first prize—a 16-gallon keg of beer. An 8-gallon keg of beer was awarded to the second and third place finishers. “We needed the keg for a party because we were all broke from Wurstfest,” said Janie Roper, one of only five women who braved the perils of chasing the slippery porkers. “Besides,” she added, “it beats the hell out of studying.” Her teammate. Sue Conroy, wanted to compete “because I never chased a pig before.” Members of the winning team. Pork Spears, included Scott Shafer, Pat Cartwright, Robert Spears and J. Cranfill. “We are opposed to the dam because it is useless and, therefore, wildlife destruc tion would be a waste,” Van Bavel said. A 1972 Texas A&M University environmental study showed that all whitetail deer and wild turkey habitats would be lost in the 100,000 acres affected by the proposed reservoir. Although fish and waterfowl habitats would be created, the study reported that total hunting op portunities would decrease by almost 99 percent in the reservoir area. A similar Texas A&M study conducted in 1973 cited several rare species of rep tiles and amphibians that would probably become extinct during flooding of the lake. The study also placed gray squirrels and swamp rabbits on its list of probable ex tinctions. Although mitigation lands were in cluded in the last Millican Dam plan, Van Bavel said a loss to the environment would be unavoidable. Mitigation lands are provided to com pensate for the wildlife habitat lost during the filling of a reservoir. “From a hunting or a wildlife point of view the proposed mitigation lands are adequate,” Van Bavel said. “They were proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, but we have no assurance they would be provided. (See Waters, page 7) Ford urges businessmen to beware United Press International DENVER — Former President Ford urged businessmen and civic leaders Wednesday to ignore the “prophets of doom” who say the nation’s economy is in danger of toppling. “These prophets of doom, they can talk us into another recession,” Ford warned a gathering of businessmen at a luncheon seminar. “We have to back off, not listen to them, not be persuaded by them. The former president said it would be equally wrong if the nation followed the ranks of those who suggested the country should keep the status quo. He said it would be a mistake to “follow them any more than we can the prophets of gloom. “Our economy is suffering some pain, but we’re far, far from collapsing,” Ford said. “There are some very encouraging pluses, some very discouraging negatives in the economy. But I think we’ve got to keep our cool. Ford said the best way to help the economy would be to restore public confi dence in the business sector. He called for an immediate $20 billion to $25 billion tax reduction to stimulate the economy. Ford said in order to secure passage of a tax reduction proposal. President Carter should dump his tax reform program. He said it would be impossible to win passage of both tax reform and cutback proposals. “We need a shot in the arm both psychologically and substantially,” Ford said, stressing the need for “immediate ac tion — not jawboning, not a program that s going to be hanging out there 10 months. Ford said he knows what problems Pres ident Carter is experiencing with the economy because he faced an even worse situation when he took office. He said the nation was in the throes of a recession when inflation was running as high as 13 and 14 percent and where the unem ployed figure topped 8 percent. “If economic conditions are bad, the president takes the blame,” Ford said. “Because the economy has not moved, some promises were made, I think you’re finding the president’s popularity is going down a bit.”