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6A
Wednesday, February 11, 2004
w <>Rll |E
THE UATTALI) [HI
Puerto Rican migration t( 8
mainland nears mileston
Daly Morales, 21, is a student at the University of Puerto Rico's Bayamon Campus in Bayamon, Puerto
Rico. Shown on Jan. 22, 2004, Morales and her family will join a growing number of people leaving
the Caribbean island for a life on the U.S. mainland.
By Ray Quintanilla
KRT CAMPUS
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico—
Daly Morales' goal for 2004 is
written on her calendar: "Pack
up the husband and baby" and
leave the island where she was
born for either Central Florida
or New York.
"I have to go where the
money is," she said.
Puerto Rico businesses don't
offer the kind of money Morales
can earn in places such as
Orlando, Fla., or New York City,
explained the University of Puerto
Rico senior, who will graduate
with a degree in electronics.
Morales and her family will
join a growing number of people
leaving this Caribbean island,
headed for a new life some
where on the U.S. mainland.
As early as this summer, that
exodus wil) hit a milestone—the
number of Puerto Ricans living
on the mainland will surpass the
number living in Puerto Rico.
It's a historic turning point.
The growth in Puerto Ricans liv
ing in places like Central Florida
and in pockets throughout the
states is expected to foster
debate on issues such as whether
those on the mainland should
have a formal voice in govern
ing the island.
And as natives of the island
move to the mainland, they are
frequently being replaced by
immigrants from throughout the
region. During the 1990s, Puerto
Rico became a Caribbean melt
ing pot.
More than 140,000 people
living in Puerto Rico identify
themselves as coming from
somewhere else in Latin
America, mostly from the
Dominican Republic, but also
from Cuba, Mexico, Colombia
and other places—a watershed
for the island.
"Change is raising new and
complicated issues for the
island," said Jorge Duany, a
University of Puerto Rico
anthropologist and a leading
researcher on the island. "It will
be interesting to see whether this
closing of the gap brings both
sides together or creates divide."
The 2000 census set the
island's population at 3.6 million,
only about 200,000 more than the
number of Puerto Ricans counted
in the 50 states. Today, that gap
has closed to within a few thou
sand, and within months mainland
Puerto Ricans will exceed those
on the island.
In the past 10 years, the
equivalent of 8 percent of the
island's population has moved to
the mainland, mostly for eco
nomic reasons.
Because they are U.S. citi
zens, Puerto Ricans face no
immigration issues. And that has
opened the door for natives of
the island seeking a better life.
Many of those making the
move are professionals—physi
cians, teachers, nurses and engi
neers. In the 1990s, almost 40
percent of all doctors who grad
uated from medical schools here
moved to the mainland, Duany
said. And there have been vigor
ous recruiting efforts to lure
teachers and nurses to fill short
ages stateside.
Migration out of Puerto Rico
has been going on for decades.
During the mid-20th century,
Duany says, the island's eco
nomic development strategy
"expelled" a large number of
islanders to cities throughout the
United States. Many settled into
the Northeast, lured by its big
cities with already-iarge migrant
populations and plentiful manu
facturing jobs.
One of the plan's architects,
former Gov. Luis Munoz Marin,
presided over the exodus of a
half-million Puerto Ricans to the
mainland. By the 1970s, thoi
the trend had hit an equilibrii
with as many returning to tlie
island as were leaving.
The latest wave of migration
has been drawing away profeS'
sionals as well as laborers,econ
omists say.
In a report to the Puerto
Rican Chamber of Commerce
this week, Jose Joaquin
the organization’s past president,
said the island's economy does
n't produce enough high-paying
jobs to retain professionals grad
uating from the common
wealth's universities.
In this low-wage economy
70 percent of Puerto Ricans earn
less than $25,000 annually,
"The jobs for them are not on
the island," said Villamil, presi
dent of Estudios Tecnicos, a
consulting Finn. The migration
can cause shortages. For
instance, though the i
needs more nurses, about
departed for the mainland,
Felix V. Matos-Rodriguei,
director of Centro de Estudios
Puertoriquenos at Hunter
College of the City Universityof
New York, said the so-called
"brain drain" has made it diffi
cult to retain the island's best
and brightest.
Still, he said, "you hear sto
ries all the time about people
who come back to the island.
As the Puerto Rican popula
tion in the states surpasses that
on the island, Matos-Rodriguez
said all people of Puerto Ric
descent should mark the mi
stone with "quiet reflection.
"It's a time to look at wt
for those on the mainland a
the island to consider ways
bridge differences,"
Rodriguez said.
With so many Puerto 1
living on the mainland, yet
taining ties to the island, somesa)
they should be allowed to votem
referendums, plebiscites andelet’
tions in the commonwealth.
ikjtk
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