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NASA to crash Galileo
Impact with Jupiter will end 14-year m
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By Andrew Bridges
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Jupiter’s icy frosting
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PASADENA, Calif. — NASA plans to crash its
$1.5 billion Galileo spacecraft into Jupiter next
weekend to make sure it doesn’t accidentally con
taminate the planet’s ice-covered moon Europa with
bacteria from Earth.
After Galileo’s orbit carries it behind Jupiter at
3:49 p.m. EDT Sunday, the aging probe will
plunge into the planet’s stormy atmosphere at a
speed of nearly 108,000 mph. Its suicide dive
comes at the end of its 35th orbit of the planet —
far longer than the 11 orbits the spacecraft origi
nally was planned to complete.
The heat generated as it streaks through the
atmosphere will vaporize the nearly 3,000-pound
Galileo and the untold millions of microbial stow
aways lurking since its 1989 launch.
The crash will ensure Galileo doesn’t hit
Europa and spill bacteria onto the ice that caps its
enormous oceans.
Europa, a planet-sized moon, is widely
believed to have the most promising habitat for
extraterrestrial life within the solar system. Were
Earth bugs to gain a toehold on Europa, perhaps in
pools of water warmed by radioactive plutonium
the spacecraft uses to generate electricity, they
could compromise future attempts to probe the
moon for indigenous life.
“It seems like a good place where, potentially,
you can have life and it also seems like a place
where Earth life would find it a nice place to live.
So why hit it?” said John Rummel, planetary pro
tection officer for the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration.
NASA typically scrubs its spacecraft clean of
microbes to prevent what it calls the “forward con
tamination” of other places in the solar system. That
wasn’t done with Galileo, which NASA originally
intended to leave in orbit around Jupiter.
Years ago, however, the promise of Europa con
vinced NASA to err on the side of caution and plans
were made to destroy Galileo, which now is nearly
out of the propellant that would allow it to trim its
course. The concern is that the gravitational tug of
Jupiter could alter the orbit of the spacecraft and
cause it to hit Europa or another moon.
The intentional crash will be the first since
1999, when NASA plowed the Lunar Prospector
orbiter into the moon. In 1994, NASA crashed the
Magellan orbiter into Venus. Satellites routinely
crash to Earth, as NASA’s Compton Gamma Ray
Observatory did in 2000.
Recent research has revealed the tenacity of
On Sept. 21. NASA will send
its Galileo spacecraft in a
suicide plunge into Jupiter.
The planet's colorful
covering of thick clouds
likely veils a hot. liquid
core. A probe released by
Galileo in 1995 survived its
own hour-long drop through
the atmosphere, revealing
details of its composition.
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Galileo has ate
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SOURCES: NASA: "Th
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NASA's Galileo sp
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Sept. 21
microbial life and its
ability to resist
extremes of tempera
ture and radiation.
Even though Galileo
has been buffeted by
both, its shielded
innards likely harbor
viable microbes.
“We in our infinite
wisdom thought noth
ing could survive in
those harsh environ
ments, but we are
learning every day
about things that can,”
said Claudia
Ale\ander, Galileo's
seventh and likely last
project manager at
NASA’s Jet
Propulsion Laboratory
in Pasadena.
The 14-year mission has been amone' 1
most successful, despite a litany of glit*
focus was to have been Jupiter itself, tar
et’s quirky, diverse moons — includin:
solar system’s most volcanically active 1
stole the spotlight.
NASA hopes to wring some scientific c
ments from Galileo before its demise. Whet
does come, 1,500 people associated with
sion are expected to gather at the lab to I
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