NATIONAL ENGINEERS' WEEK; FEBRUARY 15 -22
February IgtRi
8:00am SWE Fun Run Research Park
EateOMPt 17*h
10:00am - 4:00 pm Kickoff Celebration Academic Plaza
Play Games & Win Prizes @ Raffle: XBOX*PALM*DVD PLAYER*MORE
5:00pm - 9:00pm AIChE Basketball Tournament
Tuesday, February 1S*h
10:00am - 2:00pm Engineering Projects Day
11:00am - 1:00pm FREE Pizza Lunch
7:30pm Dr. Bennett: Dean of Engineeering
** 9 DAYS AT GROUND ZERO ”
Wednesday. February 19th
10:00am - 2:00pm Students Interests Gallery
7:00pm - 10:00pm AIAA Bowling Tournament
Thwrsday. February 2Q»t
10:00am - 2:00pm Photo Scavenger Hunt
7:00pm - finished LIFE Pool/42 Tournament
RoUie 351
Zachry Lobby
Zachry Lobby
Zachry Rm. 102
Zachry Lobby
Triangle Bowl
starts @ Zachry Lobby
Alfred T. Hombacks
for more information visit: http://sec.tamu.edu
8A
Thursday, February 13, 2003
SCI|TECH
THE BATTALION
Tire failure examined
in shuttle catastrophe
By Ted Bridis
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
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WASHINGTON — Just two days before
Columbia’s mysterious breakup during its fiery
descent, a safety engineer warned by e-mail about
risks of “catastrophic” failures from extreme heat
causing the shuttle’s tires to burst inside the space
craft, NASA disclosed Wednesday.
Separately, searchers near Bronson, Texas, about
140 miles northeast of Houston, recovered what
they believed to be one of Columbia’s tires. It sus
tained a massive split across its tread, but it was
impossible from photographs to know whether the
tire was damaged aboard Columbia or when it
struck the ground.
NASA
investigators were confident the gear door di
fall off in flight because such a failure would have
been indicated on sensor readings.
Other NASA officials have cited mysterious
sor readings in the wheel well moments before
Columbia’s breakup but have said they werei
dent the tire didn’t burst inside the shuttle.
Daugherty acknowledged in his e-mail that these
were “absolute worst-case scenarios” but defended
citing them: “You should seriously consider
possibility of the gear not deploying at all if there is
a substantial breach of the wheel well.”
He referred questions about his concerns to
NASA spokesman. Agency officials indicated they
did not want reporters to speak with Daugherty
because accident investigators had not yet ques
tioned him. NASA dis-
officials in
Washington said they
could not confirm the
tire was the shuttle’s.
Engineer Robert H.
Daugherty, responding
to a query from Johnson
Space Center, cautioned
NASA colleagues in
remarkably strident lan
guage that damage to
delicate insulating tiles
near Columbia’s land
ing gear door could
cause one or more tires
inside to burst, perhaps
ending with catastroph
ic failures that would
place the seven astro
nauts “in a world of
hurt.”
Engineer warned NASA on tire failure
Internal e-mails released Wednesday, showed that a NASA
engineer warned extreme temperatures during descent could
cause tires to burst, inside the wheel well, blowing the door off
and leading to catastrophic failure.
Left wing
Elavon line temperature
Sensors for temperature
and tire pressure readings
during the final minutes
of flight, indicated
problems in the left wing.
Feb 1. 6:58 a m. EST
Sensors
Elevon skin
temperature
SOURCE: NASA
closed the contents c
his e-mail Wednesday.
The e-mail fror
Daugherty, an engineer
at NASA’s Langley
research facility
Hampton, Va., was
prompted by a tele
phone call Jan. 27
experts at the Johnser
Space Center
Houston who asked
what might happen
Columbia’s tires wett
not inflated when
attempted to land.
The inquiry fn
Johnson has attracted
interest because it cat
four days after
neers at The Boei®
Such an explosion inside Columbia’s belly,
Daugherty predicted, could blow out the gear
door and expose the shuttle’s unprotected innards
to searing temperatures as it raced through
earth’s atmosphere.
Even if astronauts survived the heat, the blast
could damage critical systems inside the wheel
compartment, prevent the landing gear on one side
from lowering, necessitate a risky belly landing or
force the crew to bail out, Daugherty wrote.
Bailing out would be “not a good day,” he wrote.
But attempting to fly the shuttle with only one side’s
landing gear lowered would be worse: “You’re fin
ished.”
Flight Director Leroy Cain said Wednesday that
Co., a contractor, assured NASA that Columte
could return safely despite damage to left wing tiles
that might have occurred on liftoff.
Senior NASA officials said Daugherty’s i
cems were part of a “what-if” analysis by a si
group of engineers who already had been assi
that Columbia would land safely. They acknowl
edged that concerns about threats to the si
tires were not passed along to NASA flight direc
tors.
Milt Heflin, chief of the flight director’s
said Daugherty and others involved in the tire ques
tions “were happy with the analysis and the
that was done” by Boeing. “They were continums
to do more what-if’ing.”
Thursday,
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Depo-Provera
®
Contraceptive Injection e>irtK corvtroi you -tnok asou-t jus-t 4-* a year
medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable suspension
since
DEPO-PROVERA" Contraceptive Injection
(medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable suspension, USP)
This product is intended to prevent pregnancy. It does not protect against HIV
infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases.
What is DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?
DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection is a form of birth control that is given as an
intramuscular injection (a shot) in the buttock or upper arm once every 3 months (13 weeks). To
continue-your contraceptive protection, you must return for your next injection promptly at the
end of 3 months (13 weeks). DEPO-PROVERA contains medroxyprogesterone acetate, a
chemical similar to (but not the same asl the natural hormone progesterone, which is produced
by your ovaries during the second half of your menstrual cycle. DEPO-PROVERA acts by
preventing your egg cells from ripening. If an egg is not released from the ovaries during your
menstrual cycle, it cannot become fertilized by sperm and result in pregnancy. DEPO-PROvERA
also causes changes in the lining of your uterus that make it less likely for pregnancy to occur
How effective is DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?
The efficacy of DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection depends on following the
recommended dosage schedule exactly (see ''How often do I get my shot of DEPO-PROVERA
Contraceptive Injection? 1 '). To make sure you are not pregnant when you first get
DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection, your first injection must be given ONLY during
the first 5 days of a normal menstrual period; ONLY within the first 5 days after childbirth if not
breast-feeding; and, if exclusively breast-feeding, ONLY at the sixth week after childbirth. It is a
long-term injectable contraceptive when administered at 3-month (13-week) intervals.
DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection is over 99% effective, making it one of the most reliable
methods of birth control available. This means that the average annual pregnancy rate is less than
one for every 100 women who use DEPO-PROVERA. The effectiveness of most contraceptive
methods depends in part on how reliably each woman uses the method. The effectiveness of
DEPO-PROVERA depends only on the patient returning every 3 months (13 weeks) for her next
injection. Your health-care provider will help you compare DEPO-PROVERA with other
contraceptive methods and give you the information you need in order to decide which
contraceptive method is the right cnoice for you.
The following table shows the percent of women who got pregnant while using different kinds of
contraceptive methods. It gives both the lowest expected rate of pregnancy (the rate expected
in women who use each method exactly as it should be used) ana the typical rate of pregnancy
(which includes women who became pregnant because they forgot to use their birth control or
because they did not follow the directions exactly).
Percent of Women Experiencing an Accidental Pregnancy
in the First Year of Continuous Use
Method
Lowest
Expected
Typical
DEPO-PROVERA
0.3
0.3
Implants (Norplant)
0.2*
0.2*
Female sterilization
0.2
0.4
Male sterilization
0.1
0.15
Oral contraceptive (pill)
3
Combined
0.1
Progestogen only .
0.5
IUD
3
Progestasert
2.0
Copper! 380A
0.8
Condom (without spermicide)
2
12
Diaphragm (with spermicide)
6
18
Cervical cap
6
18
Withdrawal
4
18
Periodic abstinence
1-9
20
Spermicide alone
3
21
Vaginal Sponge
used before childbirth
6
18
used after childbirth
9
28
No method
85
85
Source: Trussell et al. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;76:558-567.
*From Norplant® package insert.
Who should not use DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?
Not all women should use DEPO-PROVERA. You should not use DEPO-PROVERA if you have
any of the following conditions:
• if you think you might be pregnant
• if you have any vaginal bleeding without a known reason
• if you have had cancer of the breast
• if you have had a stroke
• if you have or have had blood clots (phlebitis) in your legs
• if you have problems with your liver or liver disease
• if you are allergic to DEPO-PROVERA (medroxyprogesterone acetate or any of its other
ingredients).
What other things should I consider before using DEPO-PROVERA
Contraceptive Injection?
You will have a physical examination before your doctor prescribes DEPO-PROVERA. It is
important to tell your health-care provider if you have any of the following;
• a family history of breast cancer
• an abnormal mammogram (breast, x-ray), fibrocystic breast disease, breast nodules or lumps, or
bleeding from your nipples
• kidney disease
• irregular or scanty menstrual periods
• high blood pressure
• migraine headaches
• asthma
• epilepsy (convulsions or seizures)
• diabetes or a family history of diabetes
• a history of depression
• if you are taking any prescription or over-the-counter medications
This product is intended to prevent pregnancy. It does not protect against
transmission of HIV (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases such as
chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, and syphilis.
What if I want to become pregnant after using DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive
Injection?
Because DEPO-PROVERA is a long-acting birth control method, it takes some time after your last
injection for its effect to wear off. Based on the results from a large study done in the United States,
for women who stop using DEPO-PROVERA in order to become pregnant, it is expected that
about half of those who become pregnant will do so in about 10 months after their last injection;
about two thirds of those who become pregnant will do so in about 12 months; about 83% of
those who become pregnant will do so in about 15 months; and about 93% of those who become
pregnant will dp so in about 18 months after their last injection. The length of time you use
DEPO-PROVERA has no effect on how longjt takes you to become pregnant after you stop using it
What are the risks of using DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?
I .Irregular Menstrual Bleeding
The side effect reported most frequently by women who use DEPO-PROVERA for
contraception is a change in their normal menstrual cycle. During the first year of using
DEPO-PROVERA, you might have one or more of the following changes: irregular or
unpredictable bleeding or spotting, an increase or decrease in menstrual bleeding, or no bleeding
at all. Unusually heavy or continuous bleeding, however is not a usual effect of DEPO-PROVERA;
and if this happens, you should see your health-care provider right away. With continued use of
DEPO-PROVERA, bleeding usually decreases, and many women stop having periods completely.
In clinical studies of DEPO-PROVERA, 55% of the women studied reported no menstrual
bleeding (amenorrhea) after I year of use, and 68% of the women studied reported no menstrual
bleeding after 2 years of use. The reason that your periods stop is because DEPO-PROVERA
causes a resting state in your ovaries. When your ovaries do not release an egg monthly, the
regular monthly growth of the lining of your uterus does not occur and, therefore, the bleeding
that comes with your normal menstruation does not take place. When you stop using
DEPO-PROVERA your menstrual period will usually, in time, return to its normal cycle.
2.Bone Mineral Changes
Use of DEPO-PROVERA may be associated with a decrease in the amount of mineral stored in
your bones. This could increase your risk of developing bone fractures. The rate of bone mineral
loss is greatest in the early years of DEPO-PROVERA use, but after that, it begins to resemble the
normal rate of age-related bone mineral loss.
J.Cancer
Studies of women who have used different forms of contraception found that women who used
DEPO-PROVERA for contraception had no increased overall risk of developing cancer of the
breast, ovary, uterus, cervix, or liver However women under 35 years of age wnose first exposure
to DEPO-PROVERA was within the previous 4 to 5 years may have a slightly increased risk of
developing breast cancer similar to that seen with oral contraceptives. You should discuss this with
your health-care provider
^Unexpected Pregnancv
Because DEPO-PROVERA is such an effective contraceptive method, the risk of accidental
pregnancy for women who get their shots regularly (every 3 months [13 weeks]) is very low.
While there have been reports of an increased risk of low birth weight and neonatal infant death
or other health problems in infants conceived close to the time of injection, such pregnancies are
uncommon. If you think you may have become pregnant while using DEPO-PROVERA for
contraception, see your health-care provider as soon as possible.
SAIIergic Reactions
Some women using DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection have reported severe and
potentially life-threatening allergic reactions known as anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions.
Symptoms include the sudden onset of hives or swelling and itching of the skin, breathing
difficulties, and a drop in blood pressure.
d.Other Risks
Women who use hormone-based contraceptives may have an increased risk of blood clots or
stroke. Also, if a contraceptive method fails, there is a possibility that the fertilized egg will bq
to develop outside of the uterus (ectopic pregnancy). While these events are rare, you shoi
tell your health-care provider if you have any of the problems listed in the next section.
What symptoms may signal problems while using DEPO-PROVERA
Contraceptive Injection?
Call your health-care provider immediately if any of these problems occur following an injection
of DEPO-PROVERA:
• sharp chest pain, coughing up of blood, or sudden shortness of breath (indicating a possible dot
in the lung)
• sudden severe headache or vomiting, dizziness or fainting, problems with your eyesight or
speech, weakness, or numbness in an arm or leg (indicating a possible stroke)
• severe pain or swelling in the calf (indicating a possible clot in the leg)
• unusually heavy vaginal bleeding
• severe pain or tenderness in the lower abdominal area
• persistent pain, pus, or bleeding,at the injection site
What are the possible side effects of DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?
1. Weight Cain
You may experience a weight gain while you are using DEPO-PROVERA. About two thirds of
the women who used DEPO-PROVERA in clinical trials reported a weight gain of about 5 pounds
during the first year of use. You may continue to gain weight after the first year Women in one
large study who used DEPO-PROVERA for 2 years gained an average total of 8.1 pounds over
those 2 years, or approximately 4 pounds per year Women who continued for 4 years gained an
average total of 13.8 pounds over those 4 years, or approximately 3.5 pounds per year Women
who continued for 6 years gained an average total of 16.5 pounds over those 6 yean, or
approximately 2.75 pounds per year
2.0ther Side Effects
In a clinical study of over 3,900 women who used DEPO-PROVERA for up to 7 years, some
women reported the following effects that may or may not have been related to their use of
DEPO-PROVERA: Irregular menstrual bleeding, amenorrhea, headache, nervousness, abdominal
cramps, dizziness, wea&iess or fatigue, decreased sexual desire, leg cramps, nausea, vaginal
discharge or irritation, breast swelling and tenderness, bloating, swelling of the hands or let
backache, depression, insomnia, acne, pelvic pain, no hair growth or excessive hair loss, rash, hot
flashes, and joint pain. Other problems were reported by very few of the women in the clinical
trials, but some of these could be serious. These include convulsions, jaundice, urinary tract
infections, allergic reactions, fainting, paralysis, osteoporosis, lack of return to fertility, deep van
thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, breast cancer or cervical cancer If these or any other problems
occur during your use of DEPO-PROVERA, discuss them with your health-care provider.
Should any precautions be followed during use of DEPO-PROVERA
Contraceptive Injection?
â– I.Missed Periods
During the time you are using DEPO-PROVERA for contraception, you may skip a period,orpr
periods may stop completely. If you have been receiving your DEPO-PROVERA injections
regularly every 3 months (13 weeks), then you are probably not pregnant. However if you think
that you may be pregnant, see your health-care provider
2. Laboratory Test interactions
If you are scheduled for any laboratory tests, tell your health-care provider that you are using
DEPO-PROVERA for contraception. Certain blood tests are affected by hormones such as
DEPO-PROVERA.
J.Drug Interactions
Cytadren (aminoglutethimide) is an anticancer drug that may significantly decrease the
effectiveness of DEPO-PROVERA if the two drugs are given during the same time.
4.Nursing Mothers
Although DEPO-PROVERA can be passed to the nursing infant in the breast milk no harmful
effects nave been found in these children. DEPO-PROVERA does not prevent the breasts from
producing milk so it can be used by nursing mothers. However to minimize the amount of
DEPO-PROVERA that is passed to the infant in the first weeks after birth, you should wait until
6 weeks after childbirth before you start using DEPO-PROVERA for contraception.
How often do I get my shot of DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?
The recommended dose of DEPO-PROVERA is 150 mg every 3 months (13 weeks) given in a
single intramuscular injection in the buttock or upper arm. To make sure that you are not pregnant
at the time of the first injection, it is essential that the injection be given ONLY during the frst
5 days of a normal menstrual period. If used following the delivery of a child, the first injection of
DEPO-PROVERA MUST be given within 5 days after childbirth if you are not breast-feeding or
6 weeks after childbirth if you are exclusively breast-feeding. If you wait longer than 3 months
(13 weeks) between injections, or longer than 6 weeks after delivery, your health-care provider
should determine that you are not pregnant before giving you your injection of DEPO-PROVERA
Rx only
CB-7-S
Pharmacia & Upjohn Company
Kalamazoo, Ml 49001, USA
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& Upjohn
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