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Page 12* Monday, February 1, 1999
Scientists trace
origin of HIV
to African chimps
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CHICAGO (AP) — Where did the AIDS virus come
from? Scientists believe they have solved this lingering
mystery. The answer: chimps.
In a presentation Sunday, researchers from the Univer
sity of Alabama at Birmingham said they have convincing
proof that the virus has spread on at least three separate
occasions from chimpanzees to people in Africa. One of
these cross-species transmissions was the start of the epi
demic that now infects about 35 million people world
wide.
Chimps, which have probably carried the virus for hun
dreds of thousands of years, apparently do not get sick
from it. Figuring out why could be important.
“This is excellent science with biological and virologi-
cal importance. If we understood how the chimp has dealt
with this infection over time, that could have implications
for human medicine,” said Dr. Kevin DeCock, an AIDS ex
pert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Preven
tion in Atlanta.
Whatever its origins, HIV is a recent affliction of peo
ple. At last year’s Conference on Retroviruses and Oppor
tunistic Infections, Dr. David Ho and others from the
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center at Rockefeller Uni
versity presented evidence that the virus probably first in
fected humans in the 1940s or early ’50s.
At the opening of this year’s meeting, Hahn made the
case that this event almost certainly occurred in west
equatorial Africa when someone caught the virus from a
chimp, perhaps after killing the animal for food.
Hahn said her team nailed down the connection by an
alyzing frozen tissue saved from a chimp named Marilyn
that died from complications of childbirth at a U.S. Air
Force primate center 14 years ago.
The chimp version of the AIDS virus — the microbe
now thought to be the grandfather of HIV — is called
SIVcpz. It is extremely rare among chimps in U.S. lab
colonies, apparently because these animals are removed
from the wild as babies and so are never exposed to the
virus sexually.
Until recently, SIVcpz had been isolated only three
times.
The fourth turned up when a colleague cleaning out a
lab freezer ran across Marilyn’s specimens and sent them
to Hahn. Her team was able to perform various kinds of
genetic analysis that were unavailable when the chimp
died.
Then the Alabama team used molecular analysis tech
niques to study all four examples of the virus.
They found that three of the four were genetically ex
tremely similar to the human AIDS virus. They included
one gene, called vpu, that also is part of HIV but not of
other AIDS-like viruses that infect monkeys.
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