Page 11
September 25, 1996
stronaut faces medical problems
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|PACE CENTER, Houston (AP)
stronaut Shannon Lucid can
|ect to feel weak, woozy, wob-
fatigued and much heavier
jn her 150 pounds when she
lounters Earth’s gravity for the
time in six months,
he can also figure on being
mic and having a depressed
rune system.
octors have no idea what
to expect when the shuttle
{intis brings home America’s
ce-endurance champion on
rsday.
pace travelers
erally overcome
1st of the side ef-
|s within weeks
months. Only
other woman,
Russian, has
ne close to
nding this
!ch time in orbit,
the other long-
|m space fliers
ebeen men.
the 53-year
traight loss
rrs move!
loser to tit
), Calif. (AP) - Mi
t a two-run homer
;r added a two-njn
fexas Rangers redi
number in the All
a 7-3 victory Tui
kland Athletics.
>ers began the da]
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ho played at Calto
night.
hshed 3-6 onaltte
Lucid have a higher risk of de-
oping osteoporosis because of
the bone lost during her 188
['s of weightlessness? What
>ut cancer from space radia-
i? Could her life be shortened?
That’s the sort of thing that
20 years from now maybe we’ll
re an answer to,” said Dr. Roger
. , Jica, chief of medical opera-
t ^ SeVeS 15 at Johnson Space Center. “In
meantime, it is a concern, not
[cause we think that we’re
ttingthem in increased risk but.
cause we want to make sure
itwe’re not.”
Lucid began the final leg of her
;-awaited journey home when
lantis undocked from the Russ-
space station Mir on Monday
night. She had been living on the
orbiting complex since March.
“Do svidaniya,” Lucid called
out to the three men left behind
on Mir — goodbye in Russian —
as Atlantis slipped into the black
ness of space.
Her replacement on Mir, NASA
astronaut John Blaha, was moved
by the sight of the departing shut
tle, which will return in January to
pick him up.
“Wow, it’s a sight that I’ll never
forget,” he said.
Astronauts and
cosmonauts can
lose up to 25 per
cent of their
strength while in
orbit because in
zero gravity there’s
little need to use
the muscles. They
also lose bone, for
reasons that aren’t
entirely clear.
Often, they feel
lightheaded upon
return to Earth
when the blood shifts back into
the lower body. And they feel
heavy because they are unaccus
tomed to the pull of gravity.
Lucid, who has a Ph.D. in bio
chemistry, has insisted she feels
fine and said her weight has re
mained fairly steady. She exer
cised on Mir’s treadmill, station
ary cycle and other equipment up
to two hours a day to fight bone
and muscle loss.
NASA has no mission-duration
limit for its astronauts. The world
record is held by Dr. Valery
Polyakov, a Russian cosmonaut
whose 438-day Mir mission end
ed last year. He seems to have
come out of it well. So has cosmo
naut Yelena Kondakova, whose
Space +
effects %
Weightlessness
causes the
flooding of body
fluids in the upper
body. In space,
the face and
upper body is
enlarged, and
legs may become
very skinny.
Aside from fatigue
and wooziness, the
bodily changes
astronauts
undergo:
Muscle
loss in
hips, legs
and lower ■
spine.
“There’s defi
nitely some psy
chological
readaptation.”
Dr. Roger Billica
Chief of medical opera
tions, Johnson Space
Center
Bones, along B /]) •
with muscles, 1 1 11
weaken. About
25 percent of
strength is lost.
Source: NASA
Due to fluid
shift, heart
becomes
smaller as
blood and
other fluids
redistribute.
Back on Earth,
blood and other
body fluids move
from the torso,
head and upper
body back to the
legs and the
lower body.
169-day Mir mission was the
longest spaceflight by a woman
until Lucid eclipsed that record
earlier this month.
As soon as Atlantis lands, Lu
cid will be carried from the shut
tle on a stretcher for her own
safety and to allow doctors to
take her blood pressure and oth
er vital signs. She will stand up
only when she feels ready.
A NASA flight surgeon will be
constantly at her side, even after
she returns home to Houston
with her husband and three chil
dren. Others doctors will be on
call, as well as a dietitian, physical
therapist and psychologist.
“There’s definitely some psy
chological readaptation,” Billica
said. “They’ve been isolated, con
fined and remote, and now it’s
time to come home and it’s time
to re-establish routines and re-es
tablish relationships and that
takes a little bit of doing.”
After a few days of rest, Lucid
will begin a two- to three-week re
habilitation program of swim
ming pool exercises, sessions on a
reclining stationary cycle, mas
sage, physical therapy and what
ever else she wants.
If Lucid wants to take a vaca
tion before she returns to work
and starts handling the hun
dreds of requests for interviews
and public appearances, that’s
fine, too, said Frank Culbertson,
director of NASA’s shuttle-Mir
program.
Because of her high-level job at
NASA, which pays $75,000 to
$98,000 a year, Lucid can forget
about overtime pay for her non
stop work in orbit.
oping with Cancer
ancer patients discriminated against in therapeutic jobs
GLEN COVE, N.Y. (AP) — When
leKarushchkat was recuperating
bmcancer, she longed for the rou-
yheaMmotivation her job provid-
iii mUiitme week after her first
lemotherapy treatment, she was
from page 9 ™
1 thought 1 was being called to
tdictation,” the former legal
jcretary recalled. Instead,
idershipthisseaso; rushchkat — who missed five
; also said the Lady
>k to the senior
lior, she has aleai
Kleinecke said,
irk with Nancy(0
Ip lead the fresh®
.mg team
(sof work after a mastectomy —
fshe was told: “I can’t afford to
:pyou anymore.”
"I couldn’t believe what I was
■ring,” said Karushchkat, 45.
She knows what ie voice inside my head was
vhat it takes town
hould, justbeci
jgressive in pul
earning, ‘You can’t do that! You
is one weakness (tdothat!
ne, Kleineckesaidi But they do. Employees with
to quickly dispo* icer are fired or laid off five times
its. often as others, according to a
she’s not as a® vey issued Tuesday by Working
needs to be,”i men magazine and Amgen, a
“She might lets« ousand Oaks, Calif., company
ith her a little loft makes drugs to lessen
motherapy side effects.
And when cancer patients do
keep their jobs, they are often
stripped of important duties by su
pervisors who believe the treatment
will slow the workers down.
One in 14 cancer survivors (7
percent) interviewed said they were
fired or laid off because of their ill
ness. Of all American workers, only
one in 80 (1.3 percent) was fired or
laid off in 1995, according to U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The May telephone survey in
cluded interviews with 100 supervi
sors, 100 co-workers and 500 can
cer survivors who worked while
undergoing treatment.
Eighty-five percent of supervi
sors said they believe the cancer
survivors who worked for them suf-
fered fatigue while undergoing
chemotherapy. Seventy-four per
cent of the supervisors also cited
nausea, yet only 33 percent of the
cancer patients had that side effect.
“Today a majority of patients are
treated as outpatients and there are
new medicines that dramatically
reduce and often eliminate
chemotherapy side effects like low
blood counts, nausea,” said Dr.
Ellen Gold, a hematologist-oncolo
gist at Beth Israel Medical Center.
“It seems (employers) just aren’t
aware of that yet.”
Most treatments alsa can be
scheduled for Friday after work, giv
ing patients the weekend to recover,
she said.
Lani Stewart of Westminster,
Colo., was laid off from her pur
chasing job three years after being
diagnosed with breast cancer.
Though the company told her
she was being let go because of
“necessary reductions in the work
force,” Stewart, 42, is convinced the
self-insured company simply didn’t
want to risk future medical bills.
Stewart’s lawsuit against her
company is pending.
Karushchkat went to the state
Human Rights Commission and
won a $70,000 judgment against
her boss for discrimination. The
cancer has reappeared in her hip
bone after a second mastectomy.
Despite the illness,
Karushchkat believes her work
would not have suffered. The
Long Island woman points to the
lavish flower gardens she de
signed and nurtured, the veg
etable garden bursting with
mega-squashes, the basement
lined with hand-painted oils —
all done while undergoing
chemotherapy.
“Having a job was an impor
tant motivation for getting up
every morning,” said
Karushchkat, who is bald because
of the cancer treatments. “When I
lost my job, it was like the rug was
pulled out from under me.”
Of those surveyed, 81 percent of
survivors said their job helped them
maintain emotional stability during
theLr treatment.
“Too many employers don't un
derstand that people with cancer
can function close to 100 percent,”
said Richard Glovsky, a Boston
lawyer who specializes in discrimi
nation cases.
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