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Page 4 • The Battalion
SCIENCE
Monday • April 3,19
Alternatives for extinction considerec
□ A&M scientists are
working to save en
dangered species.
By Brad Dressier
The Battalion
Texas A&M University scien
tists are combining genetic and
cryogenic technologies in Project
Noah’s Ark, a program designed
to save the world’s endangered
and threatened species.
University faculty and stu
dents have been collecting sper
matozoa, ova, embryos and DNA
from about 100 species to help
preserve species worldwide.
Dr. Duane Kraemer, project
leader and associate dean in the
College of Veterinary Medicine,
said that everyone in the pro
gram hopes to slow the rate to
ward extinction and provide a
backup system in case some
species do become extinct.
“We hope to emphasize sur
vival of the species and main
tain genetic diversity,” he said.
“If necessary, the genome
banks could possibly be used to
repopulate a species if extinc
tion occurs.”
Some sources estimate that
more than 2,000 mammal, rep
tile and bird species will be ex
tinct in less than 100 years if
current trends continue.
Many species’ current num
bers are so low that reproduc
tive technologies such as artifi
cial insemination, in vitro fertil
ization and embryo transfer are
necessary to maintain the ge
netic diversity essential for the
species’ survival.
If a species faces extinction, it
could be possible to reproduce
the species by implanting em
bryos in a similar species.
Dr. Douglas Slack, professor
in the Department of Wildlife
and Fisheries Sciences and mem
ber of the project’s advisory
team, said the number of species
in danger is continually growing.
“There are 14,577 plants and
animals currently listed as en
dangered or threatened, as of
January 1995,” he said. “That
number is growing and the list
must be updated frequently. I
hope Project Noah’s Ark will al
ter the path toward extinction.”
Texas A&M’s program is
currently focusing on the
preservation of mammals be
cause scientists have had
greater success using reproduc
tive technologies on mammals.
Project Noah’s Ark focuses on
the 339 currently endangered
and threatened mammal species,
but Kraemer said this is just a
necessity due to time constraints.
“We must decide which
species face the greatest threat
and focus efforts on them first,”
he said. “But we hope to work
with institutions worldwide to
eventually preserve reproduc
tive and genetic material for all
possible species.”
Other institutions involved in
similar projects within the Unit
ed States include the National
Zoo, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo,
San Diego Zoo, Cincinnati Zoo,
Sea World at San Antonio,
Uouisiana State University
Kansas State University and tbf |
University of California at Davis
Dr. Nova Silvy, a professort:
wildlife and fisheries sciences
said that although the preserve
tion of species through scientfi
techniques is important, tbs
preservation of the species’ h
tats is even more important.
“Almost all endangerei
species are endangered
cause of the destructions
degradation of their habitats,'
he said. “In fact, the termec
dangered species wouldbt
more adequate if it was rs
ferred to as ‘endangered habi
tat.’”
Slack agreed that habitat
preservation is essential.
“The single greatest threat:
endangered and threatena
species is the loss of their)
tat,” Slack said. “Humans hav:
posed the greatest threatti
such species. Approximately it
vertebrate animals have gor,f
extinct since Kuropeans cameto
North America.”
Number of people exposed to pollutants decreased
□ A&M statisticians de
termined that ozone
pollution in Harris
County dropped 25
percent between 1 980
and 1993.
By Brad Dressier
The Battalion
Texas A&M University statisti
cians recently completed studies
on the ozone and pollution sources
in Harris County.
The Department of Statistics
was given raw data about ozone
and other pollution, gathered
from 11 Harris County sites from
1980 until 1993.
The studies were sponsored by
the Texas Natural Resources Con
servation Commission, which also
supplied the data. Data about
population changes were taken
from the 1980 and 1990 censuses.
Dr. Joseph Newton, head of the
Department of Statistics, said the
ozone study focused on the risk to
people, not just how much ozone
was present.
“The study looked at surface
ozone and how it related to respi
ratory problems, smog and other
factors,” he said. “We were con
cerned not only with the amount
of ozone present, but how many
people were being exposed to the
ozone or ozone-related products.”
Overall, the ozone study con
cluded that the level of ozone in
Harris County dropped about 25
percent from 1980 to 1993.
Using population data, re
searchers also plotted a popula
tion density graph.
Jeff Maca, a graduate student
working toward his Ph.D. in sta
tistics, organized data for a densi
ty graph to show changes in the
population from 1980 to 1990.
“The data showed a definite
population shift away from the
center of Houston,” Maca said.
“This was due, in part, to the
many suburbs in the outer areas
that surfaced during that period.”
Because of the population
movement and the decrease in
ozone, 25 percent fewer children
were exposed to the ozone and re
lated products from 1980 to 1993,
the study concluded.
The second study examined the
sources of the pollution.
The study focused on the Gal
leria and the Clinton Drive
area, where the ship channel is
located. High industrial areas
and the ship channel area were
determined to be major sources
of the pollution.
Dr. Clifford Spiegelman, pro
fessor of statistics, coordinated
the study to determine pollution
sources. Spiegelman said the
study focused on locating i
tors of hydrocarbons, whichii
elude many toxic pollutants su:
as benzene.
“The study found that about
percent of the pollution was vet
cle-related in the Galleria are!
he said, “while about 70 percen:
the pollution in the Clinton Dnr :
area was industrial.”
The results of the study we
used to determine new sources
toxic pollutants.
Spiegelman said the data);
termined that a previously®[
known source of toxic pollutac;
is octane enhancers, whichffi
added to automobile fuel toil
crease cars’ efficiency.
“The study went beyond tk
simple evidence,” Spiegelni!:
said. “We looked at emissit:
and their specific details, su f
as different species involved
then traced them back :
their sources.”
AUDITIONS!
TJ
For the ‘95 - ‘96 Texas A8JVI
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IVJON.
APR. 3
TUES.
APR. 4
WED.
APRS
THRS,
APR 6
CHEM 102
5 - 7 PM
CH 21
CH 23, 24
CH 31
PRAC. r
TEST
CHEM 102
7-9 PM
CH 21
CH 23, 24
CH 31
PRAC.
TEST
CHEM 101
9- 11 PM
CH 8,9
CH 10, 11
CH 12
PRAC.
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PHYS218
11 PM - 1 AM
CH 10
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PRAC.
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FINC341
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7-9 PM
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CHEM 222
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