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The Battalion
(10 pages) “Serving Texas ASM Since 1893” Monday, October 19, 1992
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Rudem Martinez,left, a senior speech
communications major from El Paso, and Ray
Torgerson, a senior English major from Corpus
Christi, dress in traditional Native American
costumes and give a demonstration of a plains
Indian doing a war dance at FestiFall in
downtown Bryan on Sunday. Martinez, who is
part Mescalero Apache, wears traditional
costume while Torgerson’s outfit depicts those
worn by Indians of the southern plains.
Torgerson says he does it because it “preserves
American Indian Culture and it adds something
to the curriculum level, because people don’t
really learn about things (Indians) until they see
DARRIN HILL/The Battalion
them first hand. They learn about them but it
takes it to a higher level when they see it for
themselves.”
Roughly 25,000 people attended FestiFall,
which was sponsored by the Brazos Valley Arts
Council. Drew Matthews, who helped put
FestiFall together, says that it “was a catalyst for
getting together artists of the Brazos Valley and
exposing people to different art forms in our
community, and downtown Bryan was an ideal
spot for Festifall because of the historic
buildings.”
About 1,000 people volunteered to put Festi
fall together with several hundred performers.
Guerrero attacks Williamson
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By TODD STONE
Reporter of THE BATTALION
Lena Guerrero, Democratic candidate for the
Texas Railroad Commission, has intensified claims
that her Republican opponent, Barry Williamson,
would misuse the position to enhance his family's
business interests.
"The opportunity to manipulate the government
for personal gain is in the very essence wrong,"
Guerrero said during a press conference Friday at
the Brazos County Democratic headquarters in
Bryan. "If it is not illegal, it is totally unethical."
Guerrero said the extensive energy holdings of
Williamson's wife and father-in-law, Bobby Hold of
Midland, place Williamson's interest in conflict with
the role of Railroad Commissioner.
"He's in the oil business, and he wants to regulate
the oil business," Guerrero said. "It's kind of like the
fox wanting to guard the hen house."
Williamson said his wife's holdings are in a blind
trust, and he has promised not to avoid any proceed
ings that would directly affect his family's interest.
The Railroad Commission regulates oil and gas pro
duction and the trucking industry in Texas.
"Well I imagine his trust is blind, but he's not,"
Guerrero said. "He'll go every weekend to the ranch
and see the (family's) wells going up and down.
He'll know what's going on out there."
Past elections for the commission have generated
little public interest, but that changed when it was
revealed in early September that Guerrero had false
ly claimed to be a graduate with honors from the
University of Texas in Austin.
Guerrero was the first Hispanic woman to hold a
See Guerrero/Page 4
Second quake hits
Colombia; 2 dead
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
BOGOTA, Colombia — The second severe earth
quake in two days struck Colombia on Sunday, this
time rocking the entire country. Two people were re
ported killed and numerous buildings destroyed.
The temblor hit at 11:15 a.m. EDT and lasted
about two minutes. It registered above 7 on the
Richter scale, Hans Meyer, director of the Seismic In
stitute in the southern city of Cali, told the RCN ra
dio network.
Preliminary findings put the epicenter at about
185 miles northwest of Bogota, almost the same spot
as Saturday's earthquake, which measured 6.6 on the
Richter scale.
Sunday's tremor caused panic across Colombia.
In Bogota, the capital city of 6 million, people ran out
of their shaking buildings into the streets. Traffic
lights were swinging wildly.
Two hours later people were still milling in the
streets, clutching their belongings, afraid to return to
their homes, Bogota's Crypton television news re
ported.
"This is the greatest earthquake to hit Colombia
since Dec. 12,1979," Meyer said.
That temblor measured 7.9 on the Richter scale
and killed 800 people in Colombia and Ecuador.
Sunday's quake was felt in every part of the coun
try, from the north Caribbean Coast south to the
Amazon River, according to RCN radio.
One child died in the northwestern village of Vi-
gia del Fuerte, 100 miles from Medellin, and other
children were injured, according to news reports cit
ing the national Red Cross. In the southern city of
Pereira, a mother died of a heart attack following the
quake, according to radio reports.
Two people were injured in Puerto Tejada, out
side the southern city of Cali, when a lamppost fell
on them, said the Red Cross.
A damaged roof in a northern Medellin suburb
lightly injured four people, according to a RCN radio
interview with Ramiro Monsalve, the director of
Medellin firefighters.
Saturday's earthquake partially destroyed the
fishing village of Murindo, 90 miles northwest of
Medellin in Antioquia state.
No deaths or injuries were reported, but as many
as 500 people were left homeless, said Gov. Juan
Gomez.
Conflict in Yugoslavia
historical, director says
Country lacks common background, values to unite culture
HUNGARY
,ACKA.
WAUACHIA
BOSNIA
SERBIA 0817)
o r r
The Military Frontier
Bonndery of Germanic
ICO KOomelert
Con federation
Source: Based on information from Great Britain, Admiralty, Naval Intelligence DivU
sion, Yugoslavui, 11: History, Peoples, and Administration, London. 1944.
By MARK EVANS
Staff Writer of THE BATTALION
To understand the bitter con
flict in the former Yugoslavia, first
you have to understand the histo
ry of the area.
"Basically the problem you
have is Yugoslavia is not now and
never has been a nation-state,"
said Dr. Ronald Hatchett, director
of Texas A&M's Mosher Institute
for International Policy Studies.
"The Yugoslavs do not have a
common history and because of
this different history they have
evolved different cultural values."
The ethnic, cultural and histori
cal differences that have created
the present bloody struggle go all
the way back to 395 A.D. when a
line was drawn through the
Balkans splitting control of the
Roman Empire between Constan
tinople and Rome, Hatchett said.
When the Slavs moved into the
area in the 600s and 700s, they set
tled on both sides of the line. The
various tribes lived under differ
ent rulers, practicing different re
ligions and creating different cul
tures.
The western tribes — Sloveni
ans and Croatians — developed
much as western Europe, sharing
in the Renaissance, the rise of free
enterprise and capitalism. They
adopted Roman Catholicism as
their religion. In the 15th century
they fell under the control of the
Austrians.
Meanwhile, the eastern tribes
— Serbians, Montenegrins, Mace
donians and Bosnians — lived un
der a succession of conquerors
until the Turks took oyer in 1389.
The conquerors brought a variety
of religions. The Byzantines con
verted many of the eastern Slavs
to the Eastern Orthodox faith,
while the Turks brought Islam in
the 14th century. They allowed
the Serbians to continue practic
ing the Eastern Orthodox religion,
but the Bosnians adopted Islam.
For most of their history, the
peoples who comprised the Yu
goslav population lived under
separate empires. But beginning
in the 19th century, an indepen
dence movement in Serbia led to
the formation of their own king
dom. The driving force behind
this move was to consolidate all
ethnic Serbs under one Serbian
government.
The 1914 assassination of the
Austrian Archduke by Serbian na
tionalists, angry over Austria's an
nexation of Serbian-occupied
See Yugoslavia/Page 3
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Cairo earthquake damages 150 monuments
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Libya
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Earthquake was centered 20
miles southwest of Cairo.
Egypt
Sudan
Local Egyptian community
sends assistance to victims
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
CAIRO, Egypt — Last week's
earthquake caused greater dam
age to Egypt's monuments than
previously believed, including
the rich store of pharaonic relics
at Luxor in southern Egypt, the
country's top antiquities official
said Sunday.
Initial estimates placed the
number of damaged monuments
below 50, mainly to ancient Is
lamic sites in the Cairo area. But
updated figures released Sunday
showed damage to more than 150
ancient monuments throughout
the country.
Monday's quake caused cracks
in some of the country's top at
tractions. These include the Val
ley of the Kings, the burial site of
Tutankhamun, and Queen Hat-
shepsut's temple at Deir el-Bahri
in the south from the 15th centu
ry B.C., said Ibrahim Bakr, chair
man of Egypt's Antiquities Orga
nization.
There is now fear that land
slides from an unstable ridge ly
ing between the valley and the
queen's temple could bury the
monuments, Bakr told a news
conference.
Other well-known tourist at
tractions that were cracked in
clude the Oracle Temple at Siwa
Oasis near Libya, Luxor Temple
and Ramses II's mortuary temple
opposite Luxor on the west bank
of the Nile River, he said.
The earthquake, measuring 5.9
on the Richter scale, was centered
a few miles south of Egypt's main
tourist attractions, the Sphinx and
Giza pyramids.
Felt throughout Egypt and as
far away as Jerusalem, it killed al
most 550 people, injured more
than 6,000 and destroyed or dam
aged hundreds of buildings in
Cairo alone.
Only a few stones fell from the
Giza pyramids, and Bakr said the
Sphinx apparently suffered no
damage. He said most damage to
the pharaonic monuments
amounted to no more than
cracks, and none is closed to
tourists.
But surveys now show the
quake hit other regions rich with
antiquities, such as Luxor, be
lieved earlier to have been
spared.
Many of the damaged struc
tures already were weakened —
first by ancient earthquakes, then
by natural and manmade pollu
tion.
Bakr said damage was located
or suspected at three major antiq
uities sites:
•Cairo's ancient Islamic quar
ter, the largest trove of standing
Islamic monuments, where 30
mosques were critically dam
aged;
•Old Cairo, with its early Cop
tic Christian churches, a Jewish
cemetery and Roman walls;
•Luxor, southern .Egypt's
tourist capital and the site of the
ancient capital Thebes.
Bakr said Egypt lacks the ex
pertise and money to tackle re
pairs that could take 20 years or
more. He estimated the initial re
pair cost at $63 million and ap
pealed for international technical
and financial help.
"These monuments belong not
only to Egypt but are a world
heritage," Bakr said. "The world
has helped Egypt in the past to
save its monuments. We hope the
world will do it again."
By WILL HEALY
Reporter of THE BATTALION
The Brazos Valley Egyptian
community plans to send relief to
the victims of the Oct. 12 earth
quake in Cairo.
Dr. Khalid Imam, a planning
and designing consultant for
Texas A&M, said the Egyptian
Student Association is making ef
forts on campus to bring relief to
the earthquake victims.
Imam said the Red Cross, the
Egyptian Embassy and the Egypt-
ian Society of North America
have joined the relief effort to
help the families of the dead and
injured. The latest figures have
the death toll at more than 500
and injuries at about 4,500. This,
Cairo's first quake in over 150
ears, left nearly 10,000 people
omeless.
Egyptian Student Association
President Mohammed Seraq said
that his organization plans to set
up a booth in the MS to raise
money for the relief efforts.
Damage from the quake,
which registered 5.9 on the
Richter scale, was mostly in the
poorer communities, said Imam.
Damage is estimated at $660 mil
lion; but both Imam and Seraq ex
pect the damage to exceed $1 bil
lion.
Many monuments of archaeo
logical significance were dam
aged, including two statues in the
Egyptian Museum and two pyra
mids. The damage to the pyra
mids is minor, but repairing them
will be costly, said Imam.
Imam said that it will take up
to three months for things to get
back to normal in the most se
verely damaged communities,
and about a year and a half to re
build.
Cairo, where earthquakes
rarely occur, has no building
codes, said Imam. In addition.
See Egypt/Page 8