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World & Nation
Thursday, July 18,1991 The Battalion Page 3
Treaty alters power balance
Arms deals change outlook of U.S., Soviet military might
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President Bush 1S
WASHINGTON (AP) — The
U.S.-Soviet arms treaty clinched
in London on Wednesday is the
third big superpower arms con
trol agree
ment in the
past four
years. The ac
tual cuts are
modest but al
ready they're
altering the
balance of mil
itary power.
Taken to
gether, the
latest arms
deals have reduced Moscow's
ability to apply military muscle
beyond Soviet borders while al
lowing the United States to re-
Croatia calls
for control
of cease-fire
ZAGREB, Yugoslavia (AP) —
Croatia on Tuesday demanded
that a European Community
team monitoring a cease-fire in
Slovenia also be sent to Croatia,
the scene of ongoing ethnic vio
lence.
A Croatian policeman was
killed in a mortar attack Tuesday
and two members of a foreign
TV crew, including an Ameri
can, came under fire and were
slightly injured while driving in
the Croatian countryside.
Yugoslavia's eight-member
presidency had scheduled an
other meeting Tuesday to dis
cuss the Yugoslav crisis, but the
meeting collapsed when several
republics refused to attend.
The pro-Western republics of
Croatia and Slovenia declared in
dependence June 25, capping a
long quarrel with Serbia, the
largest republic, over the future
of the Yugoslav federation.
Fighting broke out, mainly in
Slovenia, leaving more than 60
dead.
Leaders of the seven leading
industrialized nations, meeting
in London, called on all parties
in the crisis to abide by a Euro
pean Community-brokered truce
in the fighting, which was
reached July 8.
The first 20 EC observers ar
rived Monday in Zagreb, Croa
tia's capital.
tain the defense ties that bind it
to Europe and allies around the
world.
The Strategic Arms Reduction
Talks, or START, treaty that
President Bush and President
Mikhail S. Gorbachev are to sign
in Moscow late this month will
force the first cuts ever in num
bers of strategic nuclear weap
ons.
Gorbachev called the
agreement "our common vic
tory," nine years in the making.
By the time the START treaty
fully implemented, probably
in 1999, the number of U.S. strat
egic warheads will drop by about
25 percent, to 9,000. The Soviet
warhead total will fall by about
35 percent, to about 7,000.
Previous strategic arms deals
limited increases in weapons but
did not cut their numbers.
Both sides will retain enough
nuclear firepower to wipe out
the other many times over, and
the Bush administration says it
still can't be sure the Soviets
won't try an attack on Europe.
But arms control agreements
give the Soviets much less room
for military maneuvering.
Even more powerful forces for
change in the superpower mili
tary outlook are the collapse of
communism in Eastern Europe,
the dissolution of the Warsaw
Pact alliance, the crumbling of
the Soviet economy and the in
creasing pressure in the United
States and Western Europe to re
duce military spending.
"It puts a framework, a struc
ture, on the most important part
of our relationship, a part that
can hurt us," said Jack Mendel
sohn, a deputy director of the
private Arms Control Associa
tion and a former U.S. delegate
to the START talks.
The recent spurt of disarma
ment has cut more deeply into
Soviet military strength than
most would have thought possi
ble before Gorbachev took
power in March 1985, less than
two years after the Soviets
walked out of nuclear arms talks
in Geneva.
Base negotiations
Fate of base hinges on ratification by Senate;
Philippine official says approval difficult
MANILA, Philippines (AP) — U.S. and Phil
ippine negotiators agreed Wednesday that the
Americans will give up Clark Air Base next year
but can keep their naval station at Subic Bay for 10
more years.
The agreement, however, must be ratified by
two-thirds of the 23-member Philippine Senate,
where opposition to U.S. bases is strong. The
president of the chamber said getting approval for
the renewal of Subic would be difficult.
News that the Americans were leaving Clark,
one of the oldest and largest U.S. bases overseas,
came as a shock to residents of nearby cities.
About 27,000 Filipinos depend on Clark for
their livelihoods, ana the U.S. Embassy estimates
the two bases together pumped about $1 billion
into the Philippine economy through salaries and
spending by U.S. troops and their families.
Both installations, whose leases expire Sept. 16,
were heavily damaged when the Mount Pinatubo
volcano, 10 miles west of Clark, began erupting
last month for the first time in 600 years.
The volcano continued to spew ash over both
bases on Wednesday, forcing international and
domestic airports to close in Manila, 60 miles to
the south.
Agreement on the future of the bases came after
14 months of talks, which resumed after chief
U.S. negotiator Richard Armitage arrived on
Monday for the first time since the eruptions be
gan.
"We have reached agreement on all major is
sues," U.S. spokesman Stanley Schrager told re
porters Wednesday, reading from a joint
statement.
Schrager said Clark would be turned over to the
Philippines "not later than Sept. 16, 1992." That
gives the Americans one year for cleanup opera
tions before the base reverts to the Philippine mil-
Subic also suffered heavy damage from Mount
Pinatubo but is located about 25 miles from the
volcano, well beyond the 12-mile danger zone.
The two sides agreed that a joint committee
would decide later how long the Americans can
take to vacate Subic at the end of the agreement.
That left open the possibility that the U.S. Navy
could remain there longer than 10 years.
In the joint statement, the sides said the Phil
ippines will receive $360 million for both bases
auring the next fiscal year, a figure already sub
mitted to Congress by the Bush administration.
Starting in fiscal 1993, the administration will
ask Congress to appropriate $203 million annually
in security assistance grants for use of Subic.
The agreement faces an uncertain future in the
Philippine Senate, which resumes sessions Mon
day after an annual vacation. Before the erup
tions, more than half the senators expressed op
position to any extension of the leases.
"I don't want to make a categorical declaration
on how many will be in favor and how many will
be against, but I believe it will be difficult for it to
be ratified by the Senate," Senate President Jovito
Salonga said in a radio interview after the an
nouncement.
Several senators expressed opposition to the 10-
year agreement on Subic and the uncertainty over
how long the Navy could take to vacate the base
my
when the Americans will leave the Philippines,"
said Sen. Mamintal Tamano.
Although most surveys show a majority of Fil
ipinos support keeping the bases, a strong mi
nority in the media, academia and Mrs. Aqruino's
government oppose them as a vestige of Am
can colonial rule.
len-
Thomas gains support of black
Republican faction in Senate
WASHINGTON (AP) — Su
preme Court nominee Clarence
Thomas picked up support on
Tuesday from a powerful Demo-
cratic senator
and a group of
black Republi
cans. Three
Democratic
House mem
bers, mean
while, urged
the Senate to
defeat his
nomination.
Sen. Sam Clarence Thomas
Nunn, D-Ga., said "in all likeli
hood" he will vote to confirm
Thomas and said he would take
the role of formally introducing
the nominee when Senate Judi
ciary Committee hearings are
held in September.
"I'll be proud to be with him
there," Nunn said.
Thomas, a native of Georgia,
g rew up as a member of a poor
lack family in the state before
segregation was outlawed.
He also was endorsed Tues
day by the Council of 100, an or
ganization of black Republicans.
Milton Bins, chairman of the
group, sought to counter opposi
tion to Thomas by the Congres
sional Black Caucus, consisting
of 25 House Democrats and only
1 Republican. The congressional
group announced last week it
will try to mobilize blacks to de
feat President Bush's nomi
nation of Thomas to succeed re-
tiring Justice Thurgood
Marshall.
"It's not the whole story,"
Bins told a news conference.
"The Congressional Black Cau
cus does not speak for all Afri
can-Americans ."
The latest opposition to
Thomas was expressed by Reps.
Edward R. Roybal and Barbara
Boxer of California and John Le
wis of Georgia, all Democrats.
Boxer accused Thomas of fail
ing to protect the rights of the el
derly, women and minorities
when the nominee headed the
Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission for eight years.
Cambodian factions open talks in Beijing
BEIJING (AP) — Cambodia's four warring fac
tions opened talks in Beijing on Tuesday in an ef
fort to advance a U.N.-crafted peace plan that is
stalled over how to monitor a cease-fire and halt
the flow of arms supplies to combatants.
But resistance leader Prince Norodom Siha
nouk, the host of the meeting, said the dele
gations led by Cambodian Prime Minister Hun
Sen and the leaders of the three opposition
groups were not expected to delve deeply into the
aisputes blocking the proposed settlement.
Sihanouk said he expected the Beijing talks
Would lead to an agreement on the composition of
the delegation that will represent Cambodia at the
U.N. General Assembly.
The representatives also will prepare for formal
peace negotiations in Bangkok in August, he said.
The Cambodian civil war has raged since Viet
nam invaded the country in late 1978, driving out
the communist Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge
dominates the guerrilla coalition that also in
cludes the non-communist forces of Sihanouk and
the Khmer People's National Liberation Front.
Sihanouk, Hun Sen, Khieu Samphan of the
Khmer Rouge and Son Sann of the Khmer Peo
ple's National Liberation Front exchanged small
talk as they posed for photographers before the
start of the talks.
Sihanouk said that during the two-day meeting
in Beijing, the Cambodian leaders will discuss
Hun Sen's objections to the U.N.-brokered peace
plan.
"But we are not going to solve immediately the
very important and complicated problem of the
peace plan draft," Sihanouk told reporters before
oeing ushered into the meeting room at the Di-
aoyutai state guest house. "That will be the prob
lem to be solved in Bangkok in the second half of
August."
Exercise
reduces
diabetes
BOSTON (AP) — Middle-
aged men who exercise regu
larly in their spare time have a
dramatically lower risk of
adult diabetes, a disease that
afflicts an estimated 10 million
Americans, according to a
study.
Researchers found that men
reduce their risk by 6 percent
with every 500 calories they
burn up each week playing
sports and getting other kinds
of exercise.
"It seems that the evidence
is quite clear that energy ex
penditure in leisure time has a
very strong association with
risk of developing adult-onset
diabetes," said Dr. Ralph S.
Paffenbarger Jr. of Stanford
University, senior author of
the study.
Paffenbarger said that while
the researchers studied only
men, the findings probably
apply to women.
Physicians routinely urge
diabetics to watch their diets,
lose weight and exercise. But
researchers said the latest
findings are the first to sug
gest that physical activity also
prevents diabetes from occur-
ring-
The researchers said that
exercise should be recom
mended for those at high risk
of diabetes, just as it is for
people who are susceptible to
heart disease.
High Blood Pressure Study
Individuals either off or on high blood pressure medication needed to
participate in a one week blood pressure research study. No investigational
medication. $100 incentive paid to those chosen to participate and who
complete the study.
PAULL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL®
776-0400
Urinary Tract Infection
Do you experience frequent urination, burning, stinging or back pain when
you urinate? Pauli Research will perform FREE urinary tract infection
testing for those willing to participate in a short investigational research
study. $100 incentive for those who qualify.
PAULL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL®
776-0400
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. 822-1042
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SALE EXTENDED TO JULY 26, 1991
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Doctor of Optometry
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1 Blk. South of Texas Ave.
& University Dr. Intersection
College Station, Texas 77840
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