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World & Nation
The Battalion
Pages
Supreme Court allows police search of passengers
; WASHINGTON (AP) — The Su
preme Court bolstered police powers
in the war on drugs Thursday, ruling
that officers may board buses and ask
any passenger to consent to a search,
jp Voting 6-3 in a case from Florida, the
justices said the increasingly wide
spread law-enforcement tactic does not
lichael Mogj violate the rights of passengers as long
' as they feel free to refuse the police re-
/ th/m q uest -
'4PV IS & Police don't need a court warrant or
^ r ' ; a suspicion that a crime has been com-
Hcti mitted to ask passengers to submit to
searches, the court said.
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote
for the court that the ruling applies to
trains, planes and other forms of public
transportation. The ruling, she said,
was not a significant departure from
past decisions that say police don't
“seize" people just by talking to them
or requesting cooperation.
“No seizure occurs ... so long as the
officers do not convey a message that
compliance with their request is re
quired," O'Connor said.
But the court's dissenters con
demned what they said is the court's
growing tolerance of abusive police be
havior.
Graphic by Bingo Barnes
“Officers who conduct suspicion
less, dragnet-style sweeps put passen
gers to the choice of cooperating or of
exiting their buses and possibly being
stranded in unfamiliar locations," Jus
tice Thurgood Marshall said. "This
choice is no choice at all."
The bus-search ruling was an ex
pected development by an increasingly
conservative court that steadily is gi
>olice more power to condu
mg
E olice more power to conduct
es without warrants or probable
cause to suspect a crime.
The court relied in part on a 1984 de
cision that permitted immigration offi
cials to “raid" factories in search of ille
gal immigrants. The court also has let
police in airport terminals question
people who look like drug couriers.
University of Miami law professor
Mary Coombs, representing the Amer
ican Civil Liberties Union, said Thurs
day's decision “in theory is not bad."
But, she said, what it means is that
“in the real world police will keep on
making life inconvenient, difficult and
oppressive for bus passengers who
don't have any drugs."
nA.
Kuwait artists
sentenced
to life terms
KUWAIT CITY (AP) — Seven
ors, poets and songwriters,
including a 74-year-old con
victed of writing a poem praising
Saddam Hussein, were sen
tenced Wednesday to life in
prison for helping the seven-
month Iraqi
occupation.
The martial-
law court also
sentenced
four other art
ists to prison
terms ranging
up to 15 years
on charges of
aiding Iraq
*and helping
its propa
ganda efforts.
Hi
i4*m
Mleged support
ers of Saddam
Hussein receive
life sentences.
45 A 77
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one was
given a suspended sentence and
One was acquitted.
' The sentences came a day after
U.N. officials said Secretary-
General Javier Perez de Cuellar
hoped Kuwait would show
demency toward six journalists
sentenced to death for collabora
tion.
The collaboration trials have
drawn condemnation from Ku
waiti lawyers and international
human rights groups for the lack
of evidence presented in court,
and other problems.
[ The groups a/so say Kuwait is
expecting foreigners to have
held to an excessive standard of
loyalty, considering that most
had few rights under Kuwaiti
law.
The New York-based Human
Rights Watch criticized the trials
Wednesday in a letter to Ku
wait's emir. The group said that
while it respected Kuwait's aim
of bringing collaborators to jus
tice, "the desire for revenge can
not be permitted to justify com
promises with the right to a fair
trial."
Kuwaitis are demanding
arsher judgements due to what
they've seen under occupation,"
of Kuwait by Iraq, said Jasim
' uttawa, editor of Al-Watan
lewspaper.
There were no outbursts in the
:ourtroom when Judge Jawad
Abdulla read the sentences.
Aid cutoff
House votes to stop supporting Jordan
as reprisal for backing of Saddam Hussein
WASHINGTON (AP) — The
House voted Wednesday to cut
off military aid to Jordan as a
reprisal for its support of Iraqi
President Saddam Hussein
during the Persian Gulf War.
Lawmakers softened the
blow by giving President Bush
the authority to waive the cut
off of military aid, expected to
total $27 million in the fiscal
year that begins Oct. 1, if cer
tain conditions are met.
"King Hussein showed un
equivocal support for Saddam
Hussein" during the gulf con
flict, said Rep. Dan Burton, R-
Ind., who pressed for the cut
off. "The United States of
America shouldn't in any way
support that country."
The aid cutoff was approved
410-4 after the House voted to
let the president keep aid flow
ing to Jordan if he deems it to
be in the national interest, and
if he certifies that Jordan has
committed to bilateral negotia
tions with Israel, recognized Is
rael's right to exist and stopped
aiding Iraq.
The House also used the
measure to register its wari
ness of offering direct aid to
the Soviet Union.
On a vote of 374-41, lawmak
ers moved to ban aid to Mos
cow unless conditions are met
on human rights, self-deter
mination for the Baltic repub
lics, and scaled-back military
spending and military aid to
Soviet allies.
In debating the Jordan issue.
Rep. Lee Hamilton, chairman
of the Foreign Affairs Middle
East subcommittee, argued
that King Hussein was being
helpful in the peace process
and should be rewarded.
The problem with an aid cut
off, Hamilton said, is "it looks
to the past instead of to the fu
ture. ... Jordan is now coming
our way. ... We ought to en
courage Jordan in those direc
tions."
Conditions would only make
Bush's job in reviving the
peace process more difficult,
he said.
The administration is pro
posing $57 million in aid to Jor
dan next year.
The votes came as the House
pushed toward completion of a
two-year, $25.3 billion measure
authorizing foreign aid for the
next two fiscal years. It in
cluded economic, devel
opment and military assistance
for U.S. allies around the
globe, as well as the prospect
of $15 million in first-time di
rect aid to Soviet republics.
But final enactment of the
legislation was far from cer
tain.
Congress has been unable to
wrestle a foreign aid authoriza
tion bill into law since 1985,
and has had to use separate
spending bills each year to en
act its foreign policy prescrip
tions.
Bork challenges anti-racketeering law,
contends federal law unconstitutional
CHICAGO (AP) — Former U.S. Supreme Court
nominee Robert Bork will challenge the constitu
tionality of a federal anti-racketeering law used to
go after mobsters, drug dealers and white-collar
criminals, he said Wednesday.
Bork will serve as co-counsel on a friend-of-the-
court brief for the Chicago Board of Trade arguing
that the Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organiza
tion Act is unconstitutional, BOT spokesman Da
vid Prosperi said.
Eight soybean traders were convicted of racke
teering conspiracy charges following an FBI un
dercover investigation at the world's largest fu
tures exchanges. The convictions have been
appealed.
"The Board of Trade has felt for a very long pe
riod of time that the RICO statute was misapplied
in the case of the indicted and convicted soybean
traders," Prosperi said.
The RICO statute forbids conducting the affairs
of an enterprise through a pattern of racketeering
activity.
It was enacted by Congress in 1970 to fight or
ganized crime but has been interpreted more
broadly to go after white-collar criminals.
Bork, whose 1987 nomination to the Supreme
Court was defeated by the Senate after a storm of
criticism about his sensitivity to civil rights, said
the RICO law is too vague and has been applied
too broadly.
"It seems to me that it denied defendants due
E rocess of law," Bork said from his Washington,
>.C., home. "It's hard to know when you're
likely to fall into its trap. Ordinary businessmen
... are suddenly finding themselves in courtrooms
being called racketeers."
The commodities convictions might be thrown
out if the appeals court finds the statute is uncon
stitutional, Bork said. He also said it would be
likely to affect other RICO convictions.
"If it were uncontitutional because it were incu
rably vague, that would have effects in all cases,"
Bork said.
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The Texas A&M University College of Liberal Arts
Presents the
4f umana Hospital - Brazos Valley
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TEXA
Monday Evening - June 24
7:30 p.m. Rudder Theatre
Houston
Symphonic
Brass
Quintet
and
Byron Hester, flute
Robin Hough, oboe
Jeffrey Lerner, darinet
Marilyn Chappell, bassoon
Timothy Hester,
piano ^
'Extraordinary Performers" Houston, Texas
Special parking for concerts is available in Lot 48 on Houston Street.
Tickets available at the MSC Box Office & Foley's.
Tickets: Adults, $8.00; Students and Senior Citizens (60 and over), $5.00
For information call 845-1234 or 845-3355
-i
Committee offers
reform legislation
WASHINGTON (AP) — The
Senate Intelligence Committee
on Wednesday took another stab
at what members said would be
reforms in U.S. covert opera
tions.
It approved a new version of
operating leg
islation for the
fiscal year that
already is
more than
two-thirds
over.
The panel
voted unani-
mously in
closed session
for the fiscal
1991 intelli
gence bill, and
Chairman Da
vid Boren, D-Okla., said he
hoped President Bush would
sign it.
A version of the measure was
vetoed last year by Bush, who
said it would restrict other coun
tries carrying out covert actions
for the United States.
Because of the veto, the Cen
tral Intelligence Agency has been
operating since the fiscal year be-
President Bush,
vetoed a version
of the intelligence
bill last year.
gan last Oct. 1 without normal
congressional authority.
Tne full Senate must now act
on the bill, and differences re
main to be worked out with a
House version approved May 1.
A bill for the 1992 fiscal year also
is working its way through Con
gress.
While authorizing intelligence
activities, the bill also seeks to
write into the law a series of
changes that grew out of the
1986 Iran-Contra affair, in which
a handful of Reagan administra
tion officials pursued covert op
erations in Iran and Nicaragua
without notifying Congress. The
administration argued it was not
required to in the circumstances.
Last year's vetoed measure re
defined covert action to include
"requests" by the United States
to third parties to carry out secret
operations on its behalf. Bush
said that might impair U.S. offi
cials who wanted to informally
inquire about the feasibility of
proposed covert actions.
The new version also broa
dens the definition of covert ac
tion.
Noriega still protecting
smugglers, report says
MIAMI (AP) — Manuel No
riega aided Bolivian drug smug
glers and provided phony pass
ports and even a Ferrari to
Colombia's Medellin cartel,
according to prosecution docu
ments released Wednesday.
Noriega, accused of protecting
four cocaine shipments for the
cartel, helped ship 10 to 15 addi
tional loads, each several hun
dred pounds, the government
said.
He once accepted bribes to re
lease a drug ship that was inter
cepted by the U.S. Coast Guard
in the late 1970s and turned over
to the Panamanian government,
prosecutors said.
The ship, the M.V. Don Emi
lio, was given back to the smug
glers complete with the cocaine
"which was still hidden inside
the fuel tanks," the government
said.
The accusations were made in
a prosecution document aimed
at bolstering the drug and racke
teering case against the deposed
Panamanian leader, whose trial
is scheduled to begin Sept. 3.
The new accusations can be used
only as supporting evidence at
the trial, and then, only if ap
proved by the judge.
The U.S. attorney's spokeswo
man, Diane Cossin, refused to
comment about whether the evi
dence would be used to file a
new indictment against Noriega.
She said only that no such
charges have been filed.
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