■
Friday, May 4,1990
The Battalion
Pagell
U.S., allies hold summits to reduce forces
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BRUSSELS, Belgium (AP) — The United
States and its 15 Western allies agreed Thurs
day to hold NATO and East-West summits
this year to reach treaties reducing troops,
tanks, artillery and other non-nuclear arms.
The decision was announced after Secre
tary of State James A. Baker III briefed
NATO foreign ministers on a new U.S. nu
clear missile cutback and on the need to adapt
the alliance to a lessened Soviet military
threat.
NATO Secretary-General Manfred
Woerner reported the alliance’s consensus to
have a summit in London in early summer
and an East-West summit in Paris by year’s
end.
“NATO is preparing for the future,” he
said. “The Atlantic alliance is taking advan
tage of the historic opportunity to move from
confrontation to cooperation.”
The sole sour note was an accusation by
Woerner, the former West German defense
minister, that the Soviets were “foot-drag
ging” in negotiations to reduce troops, tanks.
artillery and other non-nuclear forces.
Baker stressed that holding' the 35-nation
summit depends on completing the Conven
tional Forces in Europe (CFE) treaty.
“Unless we conclude a CFE agreement we
should postpone a CSCE summit,” he told re
porters.
The CSCE, or Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe, is comprised of all
the nations of Europe except Albania, along
with the United States and Canada.
Baker said the negotiations to limit Soviet
troops in Europe to 195,000 and U.S. forces
to 225,000 “have not proceeded as rapidly as
we would have thought.”
He said he would have a better grasp of the
situation after meeting with Soviet Foreign
Minister Eduard A. Shevardnadze in Bonn
Friday and Saturday, and again in the Soviet
Union in two weeks.
He also announced, as President Bush did
in Washington, that the United States would
shelve plans to deploy more powerful Lance
short-range nuclear missiles in West Ger
many and would not upgrade nuclear artil
lery shells in Europe.
In addition, he offered to accelerate nego
tiations with the Soviets to make cuts in the
current stockpile of 1,600 missiles with ranges
of up to 300 miles once the CFE treaty is
wrapped up.
The decision to shelve development of a
new Lance missile underscores the rapid pace
of change in East-West relations.
In May 1989, the NATO allies agreed to
upgrade the aging Lance missiles. With those
plans now canceled, the Lance will become
obsolete by 1995.
In 1975, the CSCE set a course for less-
“unusual military activity” and rnanagingi]
putes between members.
To prepare for the 35-nation sum-"' 1 "
Baker announced he would host a meetinij
all CSCE foreign ministers in New Yorlj
late September.
He apppealed to the Soviets to speed
the negotiations on a treaty and said he
confident Soviet President Mikhail S. Gctij
chev “will overcome this period” ofslowj-
gress.
ening East-West tensions by promoting hu
man rights and reducing military frictions.
Now, with NATO’s military mission rapidly
diminishing, the United States and its allies
seek to expand the role of the 35-nation orga
nization.
“We need a more ambitious agenda for the
CSCE,” Baker said.
He suggested such missions as monitoring
The main obstacles to a treaty are dispj
over limiting airplanes and helicopters^
how to monitor cutbacks.
Woerner said the allies agreed that a.
fled Germany would be a member
NATO alliance and have no chemical otv
clear weapons. In a concession to Moscoi
said, Soviet troops could remain in win
now East Germany for a number of years
“We have no intention of shifting the 1
ance to the detriment of the Soviet UniJ
he said.
Team works on possible curefor Alzheimer’s
Brain cell tissue survives, grows in lab
WASHINGTON (AP) — Brain tissue from a
child has been nurtured into a colony of living
cells that eventually may be used to replace the
damaged brain cells of people who suffer from
Alzheimer’s, stroke or head injury.
Dr. Solomon Snyder of Johns Hopkins School
of Medicine in Baltimore said his research team
has, for the first time, developed a continuous
culture of human brain cells that divide and
grow in laboratory dishes.
Tf they were placed into the environment of the
P 1
brain, we would expect them to be functional.”
Brains damaged by degenerative diseases such
as Alzheimer’s, or by stroke or trauma, may one
day be repaired by transplanting cells grown
from the brain cells cultured in Snyder’s lab, he
said.
with hormones to force them to mature and de
velop into normal neurons.
Other researchers called the discovery one of
tremendous significance that may cause an ex
plosion of new research and treatment in brain
diseases. However, years of laboratory studies on
the cells will be needed before the brain cells can
be used on human patients, Snyder said.
The study is published in Friday’s edition of
thejournal Science.
Scientists have long been hampered in their
study of the brain because human brain cells
won’t reproduce. Except for very limited excep
tions in isolated areas of the brain, humans at
birth have all the brain cells they will ever have.
If a substantial number of those cells are dam
aged by disease, injury or stroke, functions con
trolled by those brain cells are lost forever.
Snyder said in a telephone interview that the
cultured cells underwent SVa years of vigorous
testing to assure they aren’t an abnormal growth
such as cancer, but are, in fact, normal brain
cells.
“That’s what we’re working on,” he said.
“That is our full intent.”
The cells that founded the culture were taken
from the brain of an 18-month-old girl who un
derwent surgery in 1986.
The young patient was suffering from sei
zures and doctors determined that one side of
If they were placed into the
environment of the brain, we would
expect them to be functional.”
“We simply don’t know” exactly why those
neurons divided and grew when so many similar
efforts had failed, but the cell line now can be ex
panded at will, creating thousands and thou
sands of new generations of the cell.
As far as can be determined, Snyder said, the
brain cells are normal neurons, except they can
divide and multiply.
“They are not like cancer cells at all,” he said.
“They divide and grow, but when they come up
to a barrier, like the wall of the dish they are
growing in, they stop.
“If you put them into a hole in the head, they
would grow until they fill the head and then just
stop.”
— Dr. Solomon Snyder
her brain had grown more than the other. Sur
geons removed excess brain tissue to correct the
condition.
“We have every confidence that they will func
tion that way when transplanted,” Snyder said.
Snyder said one of his students immediately
placed about a gram of brain tissue into a culture
medium.
Two small clusters of cells in the specimen sur
vived after 21 days. Researchers treated the cells
Barbara Bregman, a brain researcher at
Georgetown University, said it was premature to
suggest that the cell line could eventually be used
for brain tissue transplants. But she said the fact
that a living culture of human brain cells has
been developed “is very valuable and exciting”
and will enable scientists to conduct brain experi
ments not possible before.
Dr. John Sladek, chairman of neurobiology at
the University of Rochester School of Medicine,
said the Hopkins research is “of tremendous sig
nificance.”
If further study confirms that the cells are
normal neurons, he said, there is a “real possibil
ity” of one day using the culture for brain cell
transplants in humans.
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foreign banks
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Annual Initiation Banquet
College Station Hilton
April 30, 1990
6:30 p.m.
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MOTTO
Philosophia Krateito Photon
"Let the love of learning rule manta'I
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY CHAPTER
CHAPTER OFFICERS
1989-1990
David W. Forrest President
Jon J. Denton Vice President
Virginia P. McDermott Treasurer
Thomas J. Kozik Secretary
Theodore C. Jones ;— — Public Relations Officer
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COLLEGE OF UBERAL ARTS
1990-1991
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Past President
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lisa Ann Geissen
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Clifton Scott Rankin
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Steven Wayne Thornton
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COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
OUTSTANDING JUNIOR SELECTION COMMITTEE
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