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WORLD & NATION 11
Tuesday, February 13, 1990
7 have committed myself to the promotion of peace... ’
Mandela says talks may begin soon
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa (AP) — Nel
son Mandela said Monday he seeks a South Af
rica that is fair to both whites and blacks, and he
insisted that violence against apartheid is justi
fied.
The 71-year-old black leader, enjoying his first
full day of freedom after 27 years in prison, de
fended the policies of his Af rican National Con
gress but said talks with the government could be
held soon.
In the tribal homeland of Ciskei, 10 blacks cel
ebrating Mandela’s release Sunday night were
shot and killed by police, and 20 were injured,
according to the Daily Dispatch newspaper in
nearby East London. Homeland authorities re
fused to comment, and civil rights groups de
manded a judicial inquiry.
In Mandela’s hometown of Soweto, schools
were deserted as thousands of students marched
and danced in the streets, anticipating his return
home. Believing Mandela was due back for an af
ternoon rally, tens of thousands .of Sowetans
crammed into a soccer stadium, and dozens were
injured in the crush.
Hundreds of youths heading home from the
stadium surrounded a police van and freed 13
prisoners inside, according to Gen. Herman
Stadler, a police spokesman. He said the officers
in the vehicle decided not to use their firearms,
and no injuries were reported.
The activists making arrangements for Man
dela decided he should not re-enter Soweto until
Tuesday, when a massive welcoming rally was
planned. They refused to disclose where he
would spend the night, although television net
works deployed helicopters to pursue him.
“1 am absolutely excited to be out,” Mandela
told reporters in Cape Town before taking an
evening flight to Johannesburg. He was released
unconditionally on Sunday.
Mandela said negotiations between the ANC
and the government could begin “very soon” if
President F.W. de Klerk continues his peace ini
tiative and makes f urther reforms.
“The state of emergency has to be lif ted in its
entirety and political prisoners have to be re
leased,” Mandela told more than 200 journalists
assembled on the lawn outside the official resi
dence of Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu in
Cape Town.
At a news conference in Washington on Mon
day, President Bush expressed optimism that
Mandela’s release was a sign the Pretoria govern
ment was “at last” on the way to ending apart
heid, but Bush showed no inclination to move
quickly to lift U.S. economic sanctions.
He noted that he had invited both Mandela
and de Klerk to the White House — separately,
with no times yet fixed — and wanted to discuss
sanction provisions v^ith them.
Andries Treurnicht, leader of the pro-apart
heid Conservative Party, accused the govern
ment of falling victim to “Mandela hysteria” and
“Whites are fellow South
Africans. We want them to feel safe.
The ANC ... will find a solution that
will suit both blacks and whites.”
— Nelson Mandela,
South African activist
moving toward white surrender. Eugene Ter-
reBlanche, leader of the neo-Nazi Afrikaner Re
sistance Movement, said cie Klerk is now power
less tp control Mandela, and he warned that his
movement “will protect, itself and its property
when the government can no longer do so.”
Mandela said whites should not fear the pros
pect of an ANC-led government.
“Whites are fellow South Africans,” he said at
his news conference. “We want them to feel safe.
The ANC ... will find a solution that will suit both
blacks and whites.”
The ANC seeks a one-person, one-vote sys
tem, which would be dominated by South Afri
ca’s 28 million blacks. De Klerk seeks to negotiate
a new constitution that would establish some po
litical rights for blacks, but provide the 5 million
whites wfith some sort of veto over major deci
sions.
Police have reported about 40 deaths due to
the unrest around the country that started Sun
day at daybreak. In one instance, a clash between
police and looters in Cape Town left one black
dead and more than 100 people injured.
Tutu, in an unusual move, issued a statement
deploring the looting and urging people to re
frain from criticizing the police. Otfier activists
appealed to blacks to welcome Mandela in a dig
nified, non-violent manner.
At midday Monday, a white security guard in
Johannesburg killed a man who was among a
group of blacks that chased and cornered him,
carrying bricks and clubs, police said. The group
had been chanting slogans welcoming Mandela’s
release, the police said.
In Cape Town, a bomb blast damaged a ticket
office at a stadium where an English cricket team
is due to play this week in defiance of an interna
tional sports boycott. Mandela said the white gov
ernment’s intention when it jailed him and other
ANC leaders “was that we should be forgotten.”
He denied there was conflict between his com
mitment to peaceful solutions and his endorse
ment of the ANC’s guerx ilia campaign.
“I have committed myself to the promotion of
peace in the country,” Mandela said. “But I have
done so as part and parcel of the decisions and
campaign that have been taken by the ANC ...
the armed struggle is a defensive act against
apartheid.”
Mandela reaffirmed his support for continued
economic sanctions until the government dis
mantles the institutionalized racism of apartheid.
He also endorsed the ANC’s commitment to na
tionalization of South Africa’s mines.
Mandela described de Klerk, who on Feb. 2
lifted a 30-year ban on the ANC, as “flexible” and
“a man of integrity.”
“If Mr. de Klerk is able to carry the National
Party with him in the new line he has taken ...
then I think very soon we will be able to begin ne
gotiations,” he said.
Bush: Arms talk with Soviets
made progress toward control
Senator urges Soviets
to guard nuclear weapons
WASHINGTON (AP) — The
chairman of the Senate Armed
Services Committee, concerned
over whose finger stays on the
button of the Soviet Union’s
30,000 nuclear weapons in a time
of internal tumult, is proposing
that the Kremlin mount a “fail
safe” review of controls on its nu
clear arsenals.
Sen. Sam Nunn, D-Ga., also
wants the United States to con
duct such an independent review
of its own safeguards against the
unauthorized or accidental
launch of nuclear weapons and
says his committee wall do the job
if the Pentagon fails to act.
With ethnic and political ten
sions straining Soviet unity, many
American military expeits and
key congressional figures are
fretting about the possibility that
a nuclear missile could be un
leashed on the world without the
knowledge or approval of the
Kremlin, ’
“My worst-case fear for the last
several months is that we would
wake up one morning and dis
cover that an ethnic liberation
front had obtained control of 100
nuclear weapons,” said a military
expert on the staff of the House
Armed Services Committee.
“Nuclear weapons are in every
Soviet republic that is potentially
rebellious,” said the source, who
spoke on condition of anonymity.
“ft's a legitimate problem to
worry about,” he said. ‘Tm not
having nightmares about it. Steal
ing a nuclear weapon is not a sim
ple thing to do. We know you
can’t just walk into a Soviet missile
silo and fire them.”
But he added the equation
might change if an ethnic faction
seized control of' an entire prov
ince.
Bruce G. Blair of the Brook
ings Institution notes that the So
viet; may have 100 or so nuclear
weapons stored near Baku, in So
viet Azerbaijan, site of recent vio
lent clashes between Moslem
Azerbaijanis and Christian Arme
nians.
Until Soviet troops entered
Baku to restore order, wide
spread reports hat! gunmen seiz
ing conventional arms and am
munition from Soviet depots.
“It’s a concern people are pay
ing attention to, trying to mon
itor,” Blair said. “I think the Sovi
ets themselves are so concerned
about this problem that they’re
handling it just fine.”
Ethic violence flared again
Monday, this time in the predom
inantly Moslem Asian republic of
Tadzhikistan. Soviet authorities
reported rioting in the capital city
of Dushanbe, with mobs angry
over rumors that Armenian refu
gees were getting preferential
treatment. There were deaths
and dozens of injuries and re
ports of looting before authorities
declared a state of emergency
and imposed a curfew.
The issue of control over nu
clear weapons may soon be ex
plored in extraordinary public
it
Ithlnk you have to worry
about thousands of nuclear
weapons in a nation that
has a lot of turmoil.”
— Sam Nunn,
U.S, senator
fashion, at a time the superpow
ers apparently are nearing
agreement on several arms con
trol accords.
Yevgeni Velikhov, chairman of
the Supreme Soviet’s defense
subcommittee, proposes an un
precedented joint hearing with
the House Armed Services Com
mittee to explore wavs of reduc
ing the danger of unauthorized
or accidental launches of nuclear
weapons.
Rep. l.es Aspin. D-Wts.. chair
man of the House, panel, says he
is open to the idea of a joint meet
ing, leaving the topic of such a
session to be settled later.
Nunn said in an interview: “I
think you have to worry about
thousands of nuclear weapons in
a nation that has a lot of turmoil.”
Nunn wants the Kremlin to re
view the effectiveness of “fail
safe” procedures to insulate their
nuclear weapons from the coun
try’s polttu a) troubles. “I hope we
can persuade them to do it,” he
said.
The two superpowers should
cooperate more closely on the is
sue because “this is one area of
technology that it would pay both
sides to share," he said.
Crude oil
fouls beach
near refuge
HUNTINGTON BEACH,
Calif. (AP) — A massive two-inch-
thick blanket of crude oil spilled
by the tanker American Trader
moved ashore today* invading a
two-mile stretch of beach near an
environmentally sensitive wildlife
refuge.
A 200-member cleanup crew
was dispatched to the fouled
beach before dawn in an ef fort to
mop up the black goo itr what au
thorities called the most serious
beach pollution since the
400,000-gallon spill last Wednes
day.
“We got hit with more oil over
night than we have in this whole
process,” said Tony Kozlowski,
spokesman for the cleanup coor
dinators British Petroleum, which
chartered the tanker. “We got the
biggest hit at Bolsa Chica State
Beach.”
The wildlife refuge, a wetlands
area used by thousands of migra
tory birds and by fish, lies behind
the state beach. There are not
many migrating birds there this
time of year, but officials fear an
invasion of oily water could foul
the area for months.
In addition to the 30-foot
wide, 2-inch-thick slick on Bolsa
Chica, the Coast Guard said
smaller ribbons of oil 4-feet-wide
were reported near the Hunting-
ton Beach Pier.
Cleanup activities at Bolsa
Chica were suspended briefly
when workers began complaining
of headaches and nausea from
the oily fumes. The workers were
back on the beach by dawn.
Meanwhile, there was still no
decision on when the 81 1 -foot
American Trader would be
moved from its mooring two
miles offshore to Long Beach
Harbor for cargo unloading and
repairs.
Scuba divers applied tempo
rary patches to two holes in the
punctured hull Sunday and au
thorities said the vessel passed
“watertight integrity” tests, said
Coast Guard Petty Officer 3rd
Class Kristine Johnson.
However, the vessel cannot be
moved until it passes irrspection
for cleanliness and other pollut
ion standards, she said.
Plans called for moving the
vessel into an Arco dock to de
liver the remainder of the cargo
and to make permanent repairs,
Coast Guard Capt. Jim Card said
Sunday.
Cleanup crew r s reported that
the oil slick that coated 14 miles
of shore with gooey muck was
shrinking. One-third of the Alas
kan crude still menaced the coast,
staining sand as far north as Long
Beach.
Before today’s oily onslaught,
Coast Guard Chief War rant Offi
cer Rick Meidt described the
cleanup as “impressive,” tart cau
tioned, “It’s too soon to declare a
victory — there’s 131,000 gallons
of oil in the water.”
WASHINGTON (AP) — Presi
dent Bush said today that the United
States and the Soviet Union made
“solid progress” towar d arms control
agr eements last week in Moscow.
He said his goal for the June sum
mit was to sign an agreement on re
duction of troops in Central Europe,
and said he believed there would be
progress as well toward accords lim
iting chemical weapons and long
range nuclear weapons.
Bush also ruled out a partial lift
ing of sanctions against South Af
rica, saying he was barred from tak-
ing that step despite the release of
Nelson Mandela over the weekend.
He said he believed Mandela’s
support for continued violence
against the apartheid rule of law' in
South Africa was essentially “de
fensive.” Asked about Mandela as a
communist, he said he saw commu
nism “sliding downhill” throughout
the world, with democracy on the as
cent.
Bush, who called last week for
deep troop cuts in Europe that
would leave the United States with a
30,000 troop advantage, rejected
Gorbachev’s counter-proposal for
leaving both sides with equal number
of troops. Gorbachev wanted the
United States to cut back its forces in
countries — Great Britain and Tur
key among them — not covered un
der the original negotiations.
The president said the dis
agreement didn’t amount to an im
passe in the negotiations, saying,
“This is the way it works.”
The president also said that if East
Germany was to join West Germany
in a unified nation, the new Ger
many should be a member of
NATO. He said there was flexibility
on where Western troops could be
positioned within the new country.
Bush hailed Gorbachev’s declara
tion that Germans should decide
their own fate, and said the time was
not yet right for a meeting of the
four nations that hold occupation
rights as a result of World War II —
the Soviet Union, the United States.
France and England.
Fielding questions in the White
House briefing room, Bush was
asked about Mandela’s declaration
that armed struggle against the
white minority in South Africa
should continue. He said he would
discourage violence, and said the
South African leader had said such
actions should be “defensive.”
“We’ve always advocated non-vio
lence and I think the United States
ought not to move away from that,”
he said.
He noted “solid progress” by Sec
retary of State James Baker III in his
talks in Moscow. He said the talks
had covered conventional arms con
trol, long range nuclear weapons,
nuclear testing and chemical weap
ons, as well as issues such as Central
America and Afghanistan.
He said the talks had accom
plished much of what he and Gorba
chev had hoped for when they set up
the negotiations at their Malta sum
mit last December.
“1 am confident that if we con
tinue this kind of momentum ... the
June summit will be a major suc
cess,” he said.
At the same time, Bush said “I’m
not sure there will be three treaties
to be signed by the time we have this
summit. But I think there’s going to
be progress toward all three.”
He said the goal was to get the
agreement signed on reduction of
conventional forces in Europe.
STUDY IN
THE UNITED KINGDOM
AND AUSTRALIA
SEMESTER AND YEAR PROGRAMS
.: f
ft. •
INFORMATIONAL MEETINGS
FEBRUARY 15
UNDERGRADUATES 1:30 - 2:30 228 MSC
GRADUATES 2:30 -3:30 228 MSC
\ STUDY ABROAD PROGRAMS
1G1 WEST BIZZELL HALE
845-0544
SPRING
FOH
PLANT SALE
IValentinesDay^pecialJ
PACIFIC GARDEN RESTAURANT
Between the Hilton & Chimney Hill Bowling
846-0828
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR SERIES
Wednesday, February 14 - MSC 206 -12:30 to 2:00 pm
“The Study Abroad Experience”
A Panel Discussion Featuring Study Abroad Participants
Thursday, March 8 - Evans Library 204C -12:30 to 2:00 pm
“Eastern Europe’s Transition: The Case of Czechoslovakia
and Romania”
Presentations by:
Dr. Betty Unterberger, Professor, Department of History
Dr. Dinu Giurescu, Visiting Professor, Department of History
Tuesday, March 27 - Rudder Tower 601 - 12:00 to 1:30 pm
“Internationalizing Higher Education”
A Presentation By:
Dr. William H. Mobley, President
Texas A&M University
Wednesday, April 4 - Rudder 404 -12:30 to 2:00 pm
“A Jordan Fellowship - The Experience of a Lifetime”
A Panel Discussion Featuring Former Jordan Fellowship Re
cipients
Tuesday, April 24 - Rudder 504 -12:30 to 2:00 pm
“The Senior Fulbright Award - A Door To The World”
A Panel Discussion Featuring Former Senior Fulbright Awar
dees
Sponsored By: —
THE FACULTY SENATE INTERNATIONAL
PROGRAMS SUBCOMMITTEE
THE OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION
PHI BETA DELTA INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY