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ursday, December 7,1989
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took says people must change habits to save Earth
Writers list 50 ways to save environment from effects of acid rain, pollution
|y Jill Butler
Of The Battalion Staff
Holes in the ozone layer, ocean contami-
Ipation, the effects of acid rain — people
Rsagree about the seriousness of these
problems, but few deny they exist.
■ Dr. William P. Stewart, faculty adviser to
Hie Texas A&M chapter of the Texas Envi-
pronmental Action Coalition, said the state
|of the environment is interpretive.
“There are no black and white issues of
ood and bad,” Stewart, an assistant profes-
Rir of Recreation and Parks, said.
He said that Earth is not in immediate
|angerof destruction.
“The world is not in a desperate state,
es
but there are serious environmental issues
we must address,” Stewart said.
However, John Javna, coordinator of the
book “50 Simple Things You can do to Save
the Earth,” said that if changes aren’t made
soon, the world will be destroyed.
“We must do something about environ
mental problems now, or the next genera
tion will have no place to live,” Javna said.
These problems may seem too over
whelming for individuals to solve, but “50
Simple Things You can do to Save the
Earth” was written to prove that individuals
can make a difference.
“We are not asking for giant changes in
people’s lifestyles,” Javna said. “With small
changes in their daily routines, people can
have enormous positive effects on the envi
ronment.”
To affect the environment positively,
Javna recommends that people:
• Recycle newspapers. If everyone re
cycled their Sunday newspapers, more than
500,000 trees would be saved every week,
he said.
• Reduce junk mail. By writing to the
Mail Preference Service in New York City,
people can have their names removed from
most mailing lists and reduce the junk mail
they receive by about 75 percent, Javna
said. The amount of junk mail received by
Americans in a single day can produce
enough energy to heat 250,000 homes, he
said.
• Repair leaky toilets. By fixing one
leaky toilet, 45,000 gallons of water will be
saved in six months, Javna said.
Javna said this is the only book that
makes this type of information available
and provides practical suggestions for
change.
The book was written by the Earthworks
Group, which collects information from
governmental agencies and environmental
groups and organizes the data so that read
ers can understand it.
“We try to use informal formats to com
municate important information,” Javna,
coordinator of the Earthworks Group,
said.
The Earthworks Group was formed in
1989 and consists of 12 to 15 writers and
environmentalists in Berkeley, California.
“We want people to realize that every
thing they do has an impact on the environ
ment and that the only way to reverse neg
ative environmental impact is a little at a
time,” Javna said. “These problems were
not created overnight and they will not be
solved overnight.”
Stewart agreed that the best way to solve
global problems is to start small.
“There is a cumulative effect at the local
level,” Stewart said. “Small efforts add up to
big changes.”
Javna and Stewart both said that raising
awareness is the most important step to
ward environmental change.
Javna said realization is the key.
“People must realize the world is in jeop
ardy and that we can either change ^nd
save the Earth or continue to use it up.” .
ho’s Who at A&M
The Battalion congratulates the
Mowing Texas A&M students who
f?ere named to the 1990 edition of
>’s Who Among Students in
(hnerican Universities and Colle-
ohn L. Albers
Brian R. Allen
Maria C. Asenio
William B. Ashburn
Kirsten M. Baker
Brian J. Banner
Kirsten F. Barnhart
Rachel A. Boatright
John D. Bondy
Julie Breihan
Kevin E. Buchman
Haryanto T. Budiman
Cynthia E. Cloues
Michael D. Conway
Brian M. Cox
Dean C. Dischler
Lane P. Farley
Kimberly S. Fisher
Diana M. Galindo
Rebecca B. Gillis
Ginger R. Glatz
Nancy M. Gold
Leah M. Hanselka
Kimberly A. Harsch
Kristin L. Hay
jo Ann Hickel
Rhonda L. Hicks
Robin Hunt
William A. Jones jf.
Keri E. Keilberg
Michael A. Kelley
Kristina M. Kerwin
Kathryn E. Kruse
Chong H. Liu
Michael A. Lueck
Sharon L. Maberry
Jody A. Manier
Hortensia F. Marr
Constance T. Miller
David W. Moorman
Brett A. Moran
David A. Oakes
Elton Don Parker Jr.
Matthew C. Poling
Thomas A. Rand
Diane H. Rawson
Tammy K. Rooney
Jennifer A. Sauter
Bruce R. Shaw
Maureen J. Smith
Jerry D. Snyder
Jeffrey H. Start-
Tab A. Stephens
Elizabeth K. Stepp
Deidi A. Strickland
Lisa L. Supercin.ski
Samuel H. Tao
John G. Vandergrift
Kimberlea A. Ward
Glayton L. Whitaker
Ex-professor: 39 percent of women studied
make ‘token resistance’ to sexual advances
By Kevin Hamm
Of The Battalion Staff
Do women who say no really mean yes?
According to a former Texas A&M psychology
professor, some do.
In a study of 610 A&M women, Dr. Charlene
L. Muehlenhard found that 39 percent said they
had refused sexual advances by men when, actu
ally, they did want to have sex. Muehlenhard
calls this token resistance.
“This does not mean that men can safely ig
nore, women’s refusals,” she said in the study.
“Most women (61 percent) reported that they
had never engaged in token resistance.”
Also, of the women who had engaged in token
resistance, 46 percent had done so only a few
times, Muehlenhard found in the study.
Given society’s sexual double standard, the be
lief that women are supposed to act resistant to
sex and men are supposed to persist in their sex
ual advances, token resistance is a rational behav
ior, she reported in the study.
“If it appears that a woman did not want sex
but was talked into it or forced into it, it may
seem more acceptable for her to engage in sex,”
she said.
Token resistance can have negative side ef
fects, however, from discouraging honest com
munication to increasing the incidence of rape,
she said. It can also undermine a woman’s right
to refuse sex.
“A lot of men don’t believe it when women say
no,” Muehlenhard said. “It makes sense for
women not to say yes to sex too easily because
then they would be giving away their bargaining
chip.”
Muehlenhard, who left A&M in 1988, said the
1986 study received a “very positive” response
from people. She is doing follow-up research at
the University of Kansas.
In the study, Muehlenhard reported that
women might engage in token resistance for in
hibition-related, manipulative or practical rea
sons.
Inhibition-related reasons include emotional,
religious or moral concerns as well as fear of
physical discomfort. Manipulative reasons in
volve a woman’s anger with a partner or the de
sire to be in control, she said in the study.
Practical reasons are the most important, she
said. They include the fear of appearing prom
iscuous, uncertainty about their partner’s feel
ings or fear of sexually transmitted diseases.
“Perhaps women who engage in token resis
tance for practical reasons are responding to very
real pressures, such as the sexual double stand
ard,” the study said.
Regardless, when a woman says no, she proba
bly means it, the study said.
“If the woman means no and the man persists,
it is rape.”
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