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The Battalion
WORLD & NATION 8
Tuesday, June 13,1989
Gorbachev visits Bonn, pushes
for talks on short-range nukes
Battalion file photo
BONN, West Germany (AP) —
Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorba
chev on Monday welcomed U.S. pro
posals to reduce conventional forces
in Europe and said they could result
in a speedier agreement between the
superpowers.
But Gorbachev, in his first state
visit to West Germany, stressed dur
ing a dinner given by Chancellor
Helmut Kohl that the Kremlin still
wants simultaneous talks to be held
on reducing short-range nuclear
weapons.
Gorbachev, enormously popular
in West Germany, arrived in Bonn
amid much fanfare Monday as he
seeks to strengthen ties to West Ger
many and bridge the ideological dif
ferences that divide the continent.
“Today, we can already state that
we have started to leaf through the
first pages of a new chapter in our
relations,” Gorbachev said at the
gathering in Bonn’s resplendent Re-
doute palace.
Kohl, meanwhile, appealed to
Gorbachev for a unilateral Soviet cut
in short-range nuclear missiles. So
viet Foreign Ministry spokesman
Gennady I. Gerasimov conceded at a
briefing earlier that the Warsaw Pact
has an advantage in such weapons.
Gorbachev said the alliance would
wait until its next meeting, expected
in July, before giving a detailed re
sponse to President Bush’s proposals
for substantial cuts in East-bloc and
Western armies in Europe by the
early 1990s.
He said the Soviets already had
noted “with satisfaction” that the
West had produced proposals and
accepted some Eastern suggestions.
“There is now reason to presume
that an agreement in Vienna can be
reached much more quickly than was
expected earlier,” Gorbachev said,
referring to the site of East-West
talks on conventional weapons.
But he stressed the Soviet Union
still wants parallel talks on reducing
short-range nuclear weapons in Eu
rope.
The issue has caused squabbling
within the NATO alliance recently.
West Germany demanded talks soon
on reducing short-range nuclear
weapons, while the United States
said a conventional arms reduction
must be negotiated first because of
Soviet superiority in non-nuclear
weapons.
Mikhail Gorbachev
The disagreement was resolved
with a compromise during a NATO
summit last week when the Western
alliance agreed that a partial reduc
tion of short-range nuclear weapons
could be negotiated.
About 120 dignitaries were in
vited to the dinner in the opulent
palace. Gorbachev was accompanied
by his wife, Raisa.
Bonn government spokesman
Hans Klein said Kohl briefed Gorba
chev thoroughly on the NATO sum
mit and the Bush proposals during
70 minutes of talks.
The state visit, which comes as So
viet troops try to quell a bloody eth
nic dispute in the republic of Uzbe-
kistan, began amid strong
assurances from both sides that the
nations that helped to divide Europe
now want to overcome that rift.
The two countries already intend
to bolster their commercial, cultural
and political links Tuesday by sign
ing 11 agreements and a “common
statement” of purpose that Klein
said is “a very significant, even his
toric document.”
The declaration will “satisfy the
very profound desire our peoples
have to heal the wounds of the past
with understanding and reconcilia
tion and to build a better future,’’
Kohl said at the dinner.
Klein said Kohl urged the Soviet
leader to make “quick progress” at
the Vienna talks on reducing con
ventional arms.
Hundreds of thousands travel in heat,
dust to visit site of Khomeini’s grave
TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — A week
after Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
was buried, his grave in a dusty field
has become a golden-domed shrine
to which hundreds of thousands of
Iranians a day make a mass pilgrim
age in the scorching heat.
They travel from all over the
country to keep night-long vigils and
touch the temporary monument
over the grave of the octogenarian
patriarch of Iran’s revolution, who is
rapidly being elevated to the pan
theon of Shiite Moslem saints.
Many believe Khomeini’s blessing
and protection are bestowed on any
one who touches the square mon
ument, fashioned from metal ship
ping containers covered in green
cloth and topped by the large golden
dome.
The containers are on metal pil
lars and a metal grille gilded with
spray paint allows people to see the
grave.
MEXICO CITY (AP) — A nation
wide police alert was in force Mon
day for a former security official ac
cused of murdering one of Mexico's
most prominent journalists.
Police were watching airports,
train and bus stations, ferries and
border crossings nationwide, the
Federal Attorney General’s office
said.
Authorities also enlisted the help
of Interpol, the international police
agency, in the search for the man
wanted in the assassination of muck
raking reporter Maneul Buendia.
The arrest warrant was issued
Sunday night for Jose Antonio Zor-
rilla Perez, former head of the Fed
eral Security Department, a now de
funct agency that was similar to the
FBI in the United States.
Buendia, a front-page columnist
for the newspaper Excelsior and the
author of several books that tackled
sensitive targets like official corrup
tion, drug and weapons trafficking
and the CIA, was gunned down in a
Marble slabs around the site, bur
ied under flowers; make the tempo
rary structure resemble the tombs of
other Moslem holy men.
“The Imam is the greatest man in
Iranian history,” said a teacher, who
identified himself only as Moham
mad and struggled with his 6-year-
old son through the mass of human
ity around the shrine. Iranians call
Khomeini “imam,” or spiritual
leader.
“He led the people back to our
original faith, away from the
materialism of the West,” the tea
cher said in fluent English. “I
brought the boy here so he can re
member this great day.”
“Tell the world how we loved the
Imam,” said a white-bearded old
man. He rode on the shoulders of a
young man, leading chants extolling
Khomeini “the idol smasher.”
downtown parking garage in 1984.
Zorrilla, who arrived at the scene
of the crime within minutes and
headed the investigation at the out
set, has long been suspected of con
cealing evidence and intimidating
witnesses. In 1988, the city attorney
general called him a leading suspect
in the murder.
With the fifth anniversary of
Buendia’s death on May 30, Zorril-
la’s name again surfaced with exten
sive press coverage of his role in the
case and the suspicions about his
complicity in one of Mexico’s most
notorious crimes.
The respected news magazine
Proceso published an extensive re
port on the case in May that said the
Union of Democratic Journalists had
evidence that Zorrilla’s agents had
been following Buendia for more
than three months before he died.
When police arrived at Zorrilla’s
home Sunday night in a wealthy
neighborhood in southern Mexico
City, Zorrilla was gone. Authorities
Around him, women wailed “O
Khomeini, our days will never be the
same without you!”
The golden dome, sparkling in
the sun by day and floodlighted by
night, has become a beacon for fol
lowers of the fierce-eyed cleric
whose fundamentalist Islamic revo
lution ended a 2,500-year-old mon
archy.
All roads lead to the compound,
500 yards square, beside the huge
Behesht Zahra cemetery 10 miles
south of Tehran. Khomeini was bur
ied there last Tuesday, three days af
ter his death, to the accompaniment
of hysterical anguish by 2 million
Iranians.
Shiite Moslem zealots, most of
them poor people who saw Kho
meini as their savior, struggle for
hours through the crowds to reach
the shrine. Officials estimate more
than a half million people visit the
grave every day.
have declined to speculate on his
whereabouts.
They also declined to say why he
might have killed Buendia. Special
prosecutor Miguel Angel Garcia
Dominguez said testimony taken in
the last two months led to the arrest
warrant, but he did not comment on
the motive.
Although never charged, Zorrilla,
49, had been linked to Mexican drug
kingpins like Rafael Caro Quintero,
who is in prison for the 1985 torture
and killing of U.S. narcotics agent
Enrique Camarena.
Caro Quintero allegedly had po
lice credentials on him when he fled
the western city of Guadalajara in a
private jet while police stood by. He
is serving a sentence on drug and
other charges and awaiting
judgment in Camarena’s murder.
Zorrilla also has been mentioned
in press reports in connection with
the deaths of three policemen and
an investigator.
Toothless old men from the Teh
ran slums and cities as far away as Is
fahan, Mashhad and Shiraz mingle
with women clad in black head-to-
toe chadors, babies clutched in their
arms.
As the waves of mourners inch
closer to the grave, men beat their
heads and breasts with their hands,
hoarsely chanting verses from the
Koran, Islam’s holy book, and slo
gans of loyalty to Khomeini’s teach-
ings.
Some flail themselves with steel
chains as drums beat slowly, a tradi
tional ritual during Ashura, the
month of motifning for Hussein, the
first Shiite spiritual leader and
founder of the sect.
Fire engines spray water over the
crowds to cool them in temperatures
that reach 104 degrees Fahrenheit
under a blazing sun.
People arrive in unending thou
sands in packed buses and trucks,
tractors towing trailers, in cars and
on motorbikes.
Water tankers are parked every
few yards for the thirsty throngs.
Free iced lemonade and canned soft
drinks are provided.
Visitors to the grave must walk
two miles through open fields under
a thick cloud of choking dust raised
by the constant traffic. The last half-
mile to the square compound
marked off by 10-foot-shipping con
tainers is a nightmare of shoving and
jostling.
Revolutionary Guards in black
uniforms herd women to one side of
the compound, to keep them away
from the men. They wail in mourn
ing, their shrill lamentations drown
ing out the men’s chants.
Japan second
to United States
in foreign aid
TOKYO (AP) —Japan’s total fon
eign aid rose 22.5 percent to $9.H
billion in 1988, making it the world*
second-largest donor after tin
United States, the Foreign Ministf
said Monday.
U.S. foreign aid totaled abou*
$9.8 billion last year, the ministr*
said.
Much of the growth in Japan’sde
velopment assistance in dollar term 1
came from the Japanese yen*
greater strength in foreign exchaif
markets. In yen terms, the $9.13 bill
lion spent on foreign aid was anb®
percent increase over the $7.45 bil
lion spent in 1987.
1 he ministry calculated dollar %
urcs using the government’s offici*
average exchange rate for 1988»
128.15 yen to the dollar, down fro®
144.64 yen in 1987.
Japan’s direct aid — not cha®
neled through international age 11 :
cies — accounted for 70.3 percent®
the total, or $6.42 billion, the mm
istry said.
Of total direct aid, about $3.51^
lion, or 55 percent, was in loans,a**
increase of about 30.9 percent fro®
1987. The remaining 45 percent"
$2.91 billion — was in grants, UP
16.1 percent.
Japan’s $10 billion foreign a*
budget for fiscal 1989 would make 1 -
the world’s largest donor nation, ^
suming the yen doesn’t weaken si?
nificantly.
Chinese upheaval threatens
business relations with U.S.
NEW YORK (AP) — China’s bloody political contor
tions have troubled millions of Americans transfixed
by horrific scenes on television, but a broad economic
impact also looms for the Chinese and threatens U.S.
business relationships that have taken nearly two de
cades to cultivate.
The sudden, panicky mass exodus of foreigners this
past week from the People’s Republic because of the vi
olent crackdown on a growing pro-democracy
movement portends a dark and chilly era for foreign
investment and trade. Few are expected to quick
ly return, even if things quiet down for a-
while.
The biggest U.S. multinational companies with of
fices in China aren’t likely to disengage themselves be
cause they have less to lose and more to gain. However,
many smaller companies say they can’t easily afford to
risk their money in a country where political stability is
now so uncertain due to the unrest caused by the stu
dent demonstrations and the military response.
“The commercial and economic relations between
the United States and China, so carefully nurtured and
developed through the efforts of people on both sides
over the past 18 years and so clearly in the overall strat
egic interest of both our two countries, have been dis
rupted and could suffer long-term damage,” the U.S.
China Business Council declared.
Hundreds of joint ventures worth billions of dollars
have suddenly been put on hold or severely curtailed,
affecting factory construction and exports ranging
from crude oil to luggage to hand-held hairdry
ers.
The lucrative Chinese tourist trade, which was earn
ing more than $2 billion in foreign currency annually
for the Chinese, has now' collapsed, during what is nor
mally the busiest time of year. The outlook is uncer
tain.
Even foreign-financed projects hundreds of miles
from Beijing have been disrupted. The disruption has
been blamed partly on a State Department warning
that Americans should leave the country due to the
threat of widespread unrest.
On a broader scale, the chaos in China severely
jolted the stability of British-ruled Hong Kong, the fi
nancial powerhouse scheduled to be surrendered to
the Chinese in 1997.
Millions of dollars in Chinese-issued bonds, sold
abroad to raise money for economic development, are
suddenly worth less and will aggravate the country’s
recent efforts to raise money in world credit mark
ets.
Mexican police hunt for former security head