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Ticke
Organ donors improve lives
of people awaiting transplants
By Holly Beeson
REPORTER
One organ and tissue donor can
benefit hundreds of people, yet hos
pital patients around the nation are
anxiously awaiting transplants to im
prove the quality of their life.
David Mathieu, transplant tech
nologist for the Transplant Services
Center in Dallas, said a large part of
the human body can be re-used for
various purposes.
“Besides using bone for trans
plants, it can be ground into powder
to be used in dental implants and
fillings,” he said. “It can also be cut
into chips for use in orthopedic sur
gery.”
If someone has a large area of
bone removed because of a tumor or
cancer, Mathieu said, bone chips can
fill in the area and serve as a matrix
for new bone to grow in.
The hip crest can be cut into bone
plugs and wafers for use in anterior
spinal fusion.
“This is used in people who have
ruptured discs or lower back injuries
who need their vertebrae fused,” he
said. “Then we’ll use that bone in a
wedge to serve as structural support
and a bone matrix so the bones will
fuse together.”
Femur struts (thigh bones) are cut
into different lengths. When a sterile
femur and joint are sent out for im
plant, Mathieu said, it is sometimes
too short and the physician will have
to adjust it so the recipient won’t
have one leg shorter than the other.
“We’ll send along a segment of fe
mur strut so the physician can cut it
down to the correct dimension and
in it in place between the recipient’s
ne and the donor bone so the per
son will have a properly propor
tioned leg,” he said. “It’s really neat
because the sterile bone and the dry
bone we send for transplant will be
come a part of that person’s bone
and the marrow eventually will fill it
in.”.
Whole bones are rarely removed,
Mathieu said, except for tibias and
fibulas (lower leg) or humerus (up
per arm).
Once the bone is removed from
the cadaver, usually within 12 hours
of death, any muscle or extraneous
tissue is removed. It is then either
packaged in a sterile nutrient and
antibiotic solution or it will be proc
essed aseptically and sterilized in
ethylene oxide.
“We preserve sterile bones in a
balanced salt solution with glycerol
and antibiotics, which helps main
tain the viability of the tissue,” he
said.
They are sealed in sterile pouches
and preserved in liquid nitrogen in a
vapor phase and can be stored for a
year.
Dry bone is sterilized and stored
for a year, at which point it may be
sterilized one more time and stored
for another year.
Mathieu said it’s rare that any
thing fromthe cadaver is discarded.
Skin is used for grafting on burn
patients. It’s a homograft and not
really a transplant, Mathieu said.
“It’s the only implantive tissue im
planted that is not expected to survi
ve,” he said. “It’s used mainly to give
the person an exterior covering
while their own skin is regenera-
ting.”
The skin is taken from the upper
back, the back of the legs and the
front of the thighs.
“On the average, we can recover
3-5 square feet of skin,” he said. “We
use an instrument similar to an elec
tric cheese cutter called a derma
tome. It has a fine blade that oscil
lates back and forth and we can set
the width of the strips we take.”
The ideal depth of skin taken is
16-thousandths of an inch, Mathieu
said. The epidermis (outer layer)
and a thin portion of the dermis
(middle layer) is taken.
Skin is Sacked onto nylon netting
and rolled up. It is then sealed in
sterile plastic pouches and again
sealed into sterile foil pouches and
refrigerated for 2-4 hours prior to
being frozen in liquid nitrogen.
“Some banks procure skin from
the arms, but we find most of our
success by taking it from the back,
just below the shoulder blade down
to just above the hip crest,” he said.
Skin should be procured within
four hours of death, but may be ob
tained as long as 18-24 hours if the
body has been cooled.
The fastest moving tissues are cor-
ii
I’m a registered organ
donor. To me, it’s neat to
think that when I die, my
body can be used to
improve the quality of life
for other people.”
The physician removes thecentnl
area of the corneas and they wilt
transplanted directly onto the recipt
ents’ eyes after their corneas arert
moved.
Corneas that are viable butnotns-
able for direct transplant can lit
processed by a technique knownai
epikeratonhakia. These corneas art
frozen in liquid nitrogen andcutintt
specific dimensions and will be used
to correct the vision of people witi
“Coke bottle” lenses, Mathieusaid.|
serves as a permanent contact lens.
“We take whole eyes every nw
and then because the sclera (whi#
outer coat enclosing the eyejcanlx
used for various reconstructive
cosmetic surgeries,” he said. “Wtiei
we lake whole eyes we remove tit
corneas for use in transplants ortea'
ching and research.”
Scleras are cut into strips, drid
and then dehydrated for sareital
— David Mathieu,
transplant technologist
neas, the transparent outer coat of
the eye, Mathieu said. People who
have poor vision may perfect or sub
stantially improve their vision with
cornea transplants.
“Cornea transplants are popular
these days, and there is a high suc
cess rate with them,” he said.
Cornea tissue should be obtained
no more than 12 hours after death.
When a cornea is evaluated for
transplant, it is first determined
whether there are any tears in the
outer part of the eye. If there are
none, it is removed and examined
for clarity or defects.
Corneas are removed and refrig
erated in a nutrient medium.
Tendons are used directly as im
plants.
“They’re used in people that hate
suffered irreversible stress, teariiij
or some kind of damage totheirteit
dons,” Mathieu said.
Cartilage is taken from the til)
cage and can be used for reconstrut-
live surgery, such as in the nose.
“If someone crushes the bonesia
the ends of their fingers, cartilagt
can be used to provide structure,"k
said.
We go as far as we can to deter
mine the medical history of the dis
nor and we evaluate the donoti
blood and tissues microbiological
and surgically.
Anyone with AIDS, hepatitis oi
syphilis is excluded from bein
nors.
“We always contact the familie
for consent,” Mathieu said. “Wepre
sent the opportunity for donation
See Donor/Page 9
Psychology elective
gets students ready
to be hall supervisors
By Sherri Roberts
STAFF WRITER
Roaches, roommate squabbles and
rowdy neighbors are just a few of the
problems residence hall advisers
must confront as hall supervisors.
Educational Psychology 489, the res
ident adviser class, prepares aspiring
resident advisers to be a hall supervi
sor and the residents’ friend.
“Sometimes it’s tough to be an
R.A.,” Gloria Flores, coordinator of
special services in the Department of
Student Affairs, said. “You’re taught
to be a friend and enforce the rules.”
The 10-week class, which meets
for two hours a week and is taught
by Student Affairs staff members,
covers topics such as helping and
counseling skills, discipline and sen
sitivity awareness.
Students are required to complete
three projects, including a sensitivity
awareness project, in which they
must interview an ethnic, homosex
ual or handicapped student. Stu
dents also must organize a program
on a topic such as security or career
counseling and must spend four to
five hours with an on duty resident
adviser.
“They get a better perspective of
what the R.A. does,” Flores said.
“They’re going into it with their eyes
open,” she said.
Although the class is mandator
for those wishing to apply for resi
dent adviser, it doesn’t guarantet
students the position, Flores said.
Flores said she expects the thrff
sections of the fall class, which is
scheduled to have 45 students each
to be filled. The class had the larges!
enrollment of its three-year histor)
in Spring 1989 with 224 studentsen-
rolled.
Some students take the class as an
elective, while others sign up to in
terview for a resident adviser po:
tion during the ninth and tenli
week of the class, Flores said.
Students are interviewed by i
board of resident advisers and a res 1
dent director.
Applicants must have a soph;-
more classification at the applicate'
time and have a grade-point ration'
2.25, which must be maintains
throughout their semester-long tet
ure as a resident adviser.
Resident advisers are paid ab«
$1,000 a semester and supervise*
average of 60 students, Flores said
About 150 to 160 resident ads'
ers will be needed in Fall IDE
Flores said. This number, which
an increase from the 132 reside
advisers employed this semester,
necessary because five new halls v
be opened at Texas A&M in Augu
she said.
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