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U.S. Marshals celebrate
bicentennial anniversary
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WASHINGTON (AP) — United States Marshals live
in legend as the men who tamed the wild West, but
their 200-year career is twined with more of the coun
try’s history than just bringing bandits to justice.
A marshal fired the gun that sent settlers scrambling
for a homestead in the Oklahoma land run of 1889 at
Guthrie; marshals ringed the Pentagon during the
Vietnam war protests of the early 1970s and guarded
the first black student at Old Miss during riots over de
segregation in the ’60s.
They smashed whiskey stills during Prohibition and
arrested ganster A1 Capone twice; took the census until
1880; captured fugitive slaves before the Civil War and
protected them during Reconstruction; and did the
hanging for “Hanging Judge” Isaac Parker in Fort
Smith, Ark., when Oklahoma was still Indian Territory
and bank and train robbers hid in the brush.
“At almost every point in history when the federal
government was involved in a significant event, there
Were marshals participating,” Marshals Service spokes
man Stephen Boyle said.
The country’s oldest law enforcement organization,
the marshals begin celebrating their bicentennial
Thursday, with the opening of an exhibit at the Su
preme Court followed by a star-studded, black-tie gala
at a nearby hotel.
“This is our heritage, the preservation of history,”
Clint Peoples of Waco said. Peoples is executive marshal
for the bicentennial, and served as marshal for 15 years
in North Texas and as chief of the Texas Rangers. “As a
result, I hope there is more respect for law enforcement
in all fields.”
Sponsored by the United States Marshals Founda
tion, a non-profit fund-raising organization, the eve
ning’s special guest will be James Arness, who played
Marshal Matt Dillon on television’s “Gunsmoke” for 20
years. One of those being honored is Deputy Marshal
Rey F. Cestero of Savannah, Ga., for his assistance in
apprehending two murder and abduction suspects in
August.
Included in the exhibit, organized by the Marshals
Service and the Smithsonian Insitute, are the arrest
warrant for Geronimo, an 1870 Ku Klux Klan robe and
hood from a recruit in the Klan’s birthpace of Pulaski,
Tenn., a 1790 whiskey still from the Whiskey Rebellion
era, and one of the two machine guns from the St. Val
entine’s Day massacre in Chicago — the bloodiest of
Prohibition.
The exhibit, which will tour a dozen cities over the
next 30 months, also includes a Jesse James vest and
sidearm, and original drawings by Wyatt Earp of four
gunfights, including one at the OK Corral involving the
legendary marshal.
During their first 100 years, “They were the federal
goverment at the local level,” Marshals’ historian Fred
erick S. Calhoun said. “There was no infratructure of a
bureaucracy, so when the citizens got mad they took it
out on the federal marshals.”
Partly as a result, at least 400 and as many as 700
marshals died in the line of duty, more casualties than
any other law enforcement agency, officials say.
Appointed by the president, the 94 U.S. marshals are
a part of the executive branch, created by the first Con
gress in the Judiciary Act of 1789 — the same law that
established the Supreme Court and the federal judicial
system.
The marshals of the 1980s provide security in federal
court and to federal judges, including Supreme Court
justices when they travel beyond Washington. T hey op
erate the witness protection program that gives new
identities to those whose lives are jeopardized by testify
ing for the government, and track down federal fugi
tives.
They also take custody of those accused of federal
crimes and transport federal prisoners, running the
government’s only scheduled airline service with two
Boeing 727s and smaller aircraft out of their Oklahoma
City hub, says director Stanley Morris.
They are responsible for property seized in the war
on drugs and other federal offenses, and currently
have $750 million in their inventory, Boyle said.
Marshals have managed horse ranches, restaurants,
condominums, a golf course and a greenhouse.
With just 3,000 marshals, deputies and staff, the
service is smaller than the New York City Police Depart
ment, Morris said, yet its ranks are stationed in every
U.S. judicial district from Guam to the Virgin Islands.
Calhoun, who has a doctorate in history from the
University of Chicago, says the deadliest era in the serv
ice’s history was before Oklahoma statehood, when
about 100 marshals died in Indian Territory between
1872 and 1896.
The 1980s war on drugs is deadly, too.
“There’s not a day that passes that a federal judge is
not under threat,” Calhoun said.
“We’re dealing with drug trafficking and narco-ter
rorism,” Morris said. “We are pressed into being at the
frontlines in dealing with the major new challenge to
our country and to our system of government.”
Mandella
transferret
to new site
JOHANNESBURG, Sow!
rica (AP) — African Ni
Congress leader Nelson Mt I
was transferred Wednesdn
ning from a clinic to livt
house on a prison farm os
Cape Town.
Aside from stays inhosps
marked the first time since
that the 70-year-old oris
South Africa’s most wide!
black leader, has lived out
cell.
Prison officials said Maui
wife, Winnie, children
grandchildren would haven
ited access to Mandelaatfe I
quarters in a staff house onr;
property.
But Winnie Mandela re ?
the offer and said shew!
tinue to make the standarc
minute visits to herhusbanc
he is freed, according to the;
Iv’s lawyer, Ismail Ayob.
The government has bee:
der intense domestic and©H
tional pressure to release
dela unconditionally. Butoa
have indicated that hisoc |
release is not imminent ani
restraints on him will beet-
stages so the government
sess the political impact«
possible freedom.
The transfer was anno:
by Justice Minister Kobie
see, who said MandelawasE
to a suitable, comfortabic
properly secured home at
Victor Verster Prison inPaari
Mandela has been impr:
since 1962 and is serving
sentence for plotting a sab
campaign against the white
trolled government.
Attorney urges Idaho court to retry
Texan convicted of woman’s murder
BOISE, Idaho (AP) — A Conroe
man lied on the witness stand during
the first-degree murder trial of his
brother, and the brother is entitled
to a new trial, the Idaho Supreme
Court has been urged.
But the state’s attorney says the
brother twice has recanted his testi
mony, and it’s a common tactic for a
criminal defendant to later claim he
lied on the witness stand.
The Idaho Supreme Court on
Wednesday took under advisement
an appeal from Mark Henry Lank
ford, 32, Conroe, Texas. Lankford
and his brother, Bryan, 28, were
convicted in separate trials of killing
an El Paso couple more than five
years ago. Both Lankfords were sen
tenced to death.
Bryan’s death sentence was over
turned by the U.S. Supreme Court,
which asked the Idaho court to re
consider the case. Bryan Lankford’s
second hearing before the Idaho Su
preme Court was Nov. 15 and the
court has not ruled yet.
Mark Lankford attorney Greg
Fitzmaurice attacked his conviction
on several points. The two-hour
hearing Wednesday served both as
the Supreme Court’s direct review of
the case and also as an appeal from
district court decisions denying
Mark Lankford a new trial.
Fitzmaurice contended that when
•Bryan Lankford testified in his
brother’s case that Mark killed the
Bravances, he lied. He said Bryan
later called an area newspaper and
admitted that.
He said the testimony was critical
to the case.
“The key evidence was the testi
mony of his brother linking him to
the crime scene,” he said.
Because of that perjured testi
mony, Fitzmaurice said, Mark Lank
ford’s trial was tainted and he should
be granted a new one.
But Solicitor General Lynn
Thomas said District Judge George
Reinhardt considered that claim
when he denied Mark Lankford’s
bid for a new trial, and decided not
to believe him.
"Hi \ 111 v testimony in Mara
was the same as the testhnoiiJ
own trial, and it wascorroboni
the evidence and other will)
Thomas said.
The Lankfords were con*
separate trials of the slayingscj
rine Capt. Robert Bravanceii
wif e, Cheryl of El Paso.
Police allege the Lankfords
ing from criminal chargesif
abandoned their car in 1
County and came upon lit
varices in a campground.
The pair decided to rob lb
vances and steal their arte
Bravance and his wife to des!
a club in the process.
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