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6 die, 40 hurt
following blast
in south Beruit
BEIRUT, Lebanon (AP) — A car
bomb exploded Tuesday near a Syr
ian military checkpoint in south Bei
rut and touched off fighting be
tween Syrian troops and pro-Iranian
militias, police said. At least six peo
ple were killed.
The blast in the seaside district of
Ouzai killed four people and
wounded 39, including two Syrian
soldiers and two Lebanese police of
ficers, police said. Two more people
died and another was injured.
The explosion occurred about
100 yards from an office of the Ira
nian-backed fundamentalist Hezbol
lah, or Party of God. It was the third
car bombing in Lebanon this year.
A gray Renault loaded with Hez
bollah gunmen raced to the scene af
ter the explosion, but dozens of Syr
ian soldiers and Lebanese police
surrounding the site stopped the car
and ordered its occupants out, police
said.
The Syrians and Lebanese were
manning a nearby Syrian military
checkpoint.
“When the gunmen refused to
step out, troops and policemen tried
to haul them out by force,” a police
spokesman said. “One gunman fired
his pistol, and a shoot-out erupted in
which two gunmen were killed and a
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West divisioo E
ukakis, Bush start search for running mates
■ WASHINGTON (AP) — Prima
ries behind them, Michael Dukakis
and George Bush now turn to unify
ing their parties and picking run
ning mates — chores that are com-
plieated for Dukakis by the
persistent claims of Jesse Jackson.
[The next big dates on the elec
tion-year calendar are the national
conventions — the Democrats July
18-21 in Atlanta and the Republi
cans Aug. 15-18 in New Orleans. By
then, Dukakis and Bush both hope
toj have vice presidential candidates
osen if not actually announced.
Party unity is a big theme this
ek for the likely general election
opponents as both Dukakis and
Jpish reach out to their vanquished
iny Of these!'opponents.
i Republican Bush headlines a
“Unity ’88” party meeting in Denver
on Friday with at least four of his
foi ner rivals. The session is the first
of three to set the stage for the Re
publican National Convention.
[Dukakis heads to St. Louis on
Wednesday to pick up the endorse-
ment of Rep. Richard Gephardt,
while Sen. Paul Simon of Illinois will
add his support of the Massachusetts
Bvernor as well, Dukakis aides said.
[Both Dukakis and Bush will also
be wrestling with the choice of run-
FEE
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ning mates as they try to set in place
the themes for the fall.
For Dukakis, that means grap
pling with the challenge of Jackson,
who stuck it out to the end of the pri
maries and threatened to continue
his presidential challenge until the
convention.
In the closing hours of the cam
paigning for Tuesday’s primaries in
California, Montana, New Jersey
and New Mexico, Jackson also talked
of challenges on the convention
floor on such issues as South Africa.
He gave his most definitive an
swer yet to the question of whether
he would like to be Dukakis’ running
mate.
“We’ve earned the option,” Jack-
son told the New York Times.
Asked about that Tuesday, in an
interview, Jackson said of Dukakis,
“If he were to win, extending the in
vitation to me is his option.” He said
he did not know whether he would
accept, but then added, “It is an op
tion my constituency has earned.”
Dukakis has said he will spend
three days on the road in each of the
coming six weeks, touching base in
key states for the fall. The rest of the
time he will spend in his Statehouse
office in Boston or in campaign
briefings.
Dukakis battles Jackson in primary
Michael Dukakis, ready to salt
away the 1988 Democratic presi
dential nomination, battled Jesse
Jackson on Tuesday in a coast-to-
coast finale of a grueling primary
campaign. Jackson sought a strong
showing to reinforce his position for
the inevitable pre-convention bar
gaining.
Dukakis was heavily favored to
defeat his sole remaining Demo
cratic rival in each of the final con
tests, from New Jersey to California
with New Mexico and Montana in
between. His aides confidently pre
dicted the night’s delegate harvest
would put the Massachusetts gover
nor over the 2,081 needed to guar
antee a first ballot victory at the
party convention next month in At
lanta.
Jackson offered no rebuttal to
those claims, and already was turn
ing his attention to the next phase of
a remarkable campaign. Talk of the
vice presidential nomination, con
vention platform issues and changes
in party rules affecting future cam
paigns was in the air even before the
polling places opened to voters on
the final primary day of the year.
Vice President George Bush, who
has lost ground in the polls since
wrapping up the Republican nomi
nation more than a month ago, was
unopposed in the day’s four GOP
primaries.
Bush’s primary victories were se
cure. But because his campaign was
nearing federal spending limits, he
mounted only a shoestring effort in
New Jersey and California, possibly
placing himself at a disadvantage in
two important battleground states in
the fall campaign.
Advisers predicted that the vice
president would begin sharpening
his attacks on Dukakis as soon as the
Democratic nominating war was of
ficially settled, perhaps beginning at
the Texas GOP Convention on
Thursday and a party unity event in
Denver on Friday. Bush sounded
like he was ready, telling reporters
he “can’t wait for this primary season
to end.”
Dukakis was looking beyond the
primaries, as well. He arranged to
pick up endorsements on Wednes
day from former rivals Richard Ge
phardt and Paul Simon, and said he
hoped Jackson would also work for
the ticket.
The Massachusetts governor will
travel this weekend to Utah to speak
to the U.S. Conference of Mayors.
Republican Bush finds his cam
paign strapped for cash, but aides
are planning a variety of strategies to
keep the vice president on the road
and in the news at party fund-raisers
and conventions across the country.
The aides said he can spend only
about $1.3 million more before hit
ting the federal ceiling on pre-con
vention campaign spending.
Republican officials said Sen. Bob
Dole of Kansas, Rep. Jack Kemp of
New York, former Delaware Gov.
Pete du Pont and former Secretary
of State Alexander Haig have all
agreed to attend the Denver unity
meeting.
$TBA
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African strike causes
violence, eight deaths
■JOHANNESBURG, South Africa
(AP) — Widespread violence and
— < eight deaths were reported Tuesday,
MORE INFO tht' second day of a nationwide gen-
. ip ai c eral strike that organizers claimed
U . involved 2.5 million people,
itailed inforin[E m pl 0 yers and transport cornpa-
T1S Of the InWInfes said support for the strike had
Sports [; dw indled and that more workers
~ c Jwtre on the job in many areas.
U bystem0 W In y) ur t- )an however, the Feder-
Dne who I® ated Chamber of Industries said the
amp tprmifial strike had intensified around the na-
S^stenl. 115 ‘h'rd-largest city.
16 INFO Sm Black labor unions and anti-apart-
Helo Deskij ht d groups called the three-day
Y r protest, which the government says
is illegal, to oppose the 2-year-old
sfcte of emergency and proposed
Hgislation to restrict the rights of
unions to strike.
■ The Congress of South African
l[rade Unions, the largest black la-
,. fbpr federation, said at least 2.5 mil-
vl and rri03) lijp n people were staying away from
'GS. Classestjohs and schools. It called the strike
lasses will most significant to date.
■ General secretary Jay Naidoo
denied government claims that the
Fee piotest was being sustained by intim-
| $35.0' 'dat ion.
I eqOOtl He to id reporters the strike was “a
Y , reflection of the wide-scale resent-
I $301' iJenf anc j anger” about orders is-
■ed in February that barred his or-
I, ganization and other anti-apartheid
groups from political activity.
I President P.W. Botha’s govern-
estaughtb
1 in the Intf-
ment imposed the emergency June
12, 1986, to combat a black uprising
against apartheid, the policy of race
discrimination that preserves priv
ilege for South Africa’s 5 million
whites and denies the 26 million
blacks a voice in national affairs.
In Lusaka, Zambia, the exile
headquarters of the outlawed Afri
can National Congress guerrilla
movement declared “unequivocal
support” for the strike. The ANC is
the main group fighting white domi
nation in South Africa.
In Washington, State Department
spokesman Phyllis Oakley said: “The
strike appears to enjoy the over
whelming support of the disenfran
chised majority in South Africa and
has so far been peaceful.
“We hope all parties will continue
to avoid violence. The strike under
scores the urgent need for negotia
tions among South Africans to re
place apartheid with a democratic
constitutional order.”
The three-day strike is the largest
black protest under the emergency.
A report by state-run South Afri
can Broadcasting Corp. said partici
pation declined by 45 percent Tues
day but gave no estimate of the
number of people involved. It said
in an editorial that the strike rep
resented the strategy of “radical ac
tivists who want to make South Af
rica ungovernable.”
Study shows students
perform poorly in math
WASHINGTON (AP) — A gov
ernment-sponsored study concluded
Tuesday that American students are
doing miserably in math, and ex
perts laid some of the blame on the
redundant, slow-paced way math is
taught in most schools.
The National Assessment of Edu
cational Progress reported that al
most half of the 17-year-old students
tested in 1985-86 proved incapable
of handling math commonly taught
in junior high, and nearly 27 percent
of 13-year-olds were stumped by ba
sic computations.
“Our ninth graders are taking
what other people’s seventh graders
are taking,” Chester Finn Jr., the as
sistant U.S. secretary of education
for research and improvement, told
a news conference.
“We’ve got to get it going faster,
repeated less and make sure that it’s
learned more.”
The study was based on exams
given to nearly 15,000 students ages
9, 13 and 17 in 1985-86, and to a to
tal of nearly 35,000 students in
grades 3, 7 and 11.
This was the fourth national as
sessment in math.
The study, “The Mathematics Re
port Card: Are We Measuring Up?,”
said all three age groups made mod
est improvements in recent years,
but mostly on low-order skills. Fewer
were capable of advanced work in
1986 than in 1978.
“Despite signs of their progress
across time, the 1986 performance
of 17-year-old students was dismal,”
the report said.
“Only half the high school stu
dents demonstrated an understand
ing of even moderately complex
mathematical procedures” usually
introduced in junior high.
The report said math classes are
“dominated by paper-and-pencil
drills on basic computation. Little ev
idence appears of any widespread
use of calculators, computers or
mathematics projects.”
More than a quarter of the 17-
year-olds reported they usually do
not understand what is talked about
in mathematics class.
Math instruction is “dominated by
teacher explanations, chalkboard
presentations, and reliance on text
books and workshops.
More innovative forms of instruc
tion, such as . . . small group activ
ities, laboratory work and special
projects, remain disappointly rare.”
“The early emphasis on practicing
computations may serve to divorce
mathematics from real-world obser
vations,” the report said.
“Once students learn to rely on
procedures, they tend to give up on
common sense. . . . This can lead to
preposterous answers.”
The report said 98 percent of the
9-year-olds and 100 percent of the
older students knew simple arith
metic facts, but virtually none of the
younger students and only 6.4 per
cent of the oldest could solve multi-
step problems and algebra questions.
Black and Hispanic students, as
well as those living in the Southeast,
gained ground, but remain far be
hind the white majority.
The National Assessment, admin
istered by Educational Testing Serv
ice, tests a sample of American stu
dents in basic subjects every other
year.
Finn, whose department pays for
the testing, said that despite mi
nority gains, only one black 17-year-
old student in 300 and “barely 1 per
cent of the Hispanic kids” scored at
the advanced level, compared with
7.6 percent of the whites.
The tests indicated girls and boys
“had identical average mathematics
proficiency” at age 9, but boys out-
scored girls at 13 and 17.
civilian passer-by was wounded.”
Syria deployed about 2,400 troops
in south Beirut last month to quell
fighting between Hezbollah and the
rival pro-Syrian Shiite Amal militia
for control of the area. Most of the
18 foreigners kidnapped in Lebanon
are believed held in south Beirut.
One of the slain gunmen was
identified as Abu Ali Assaf, a Hez
bollah official.
Reporters and photographers
watching from a distance saw troops
and police beating the gunmen with
rifle butts through the car’s open
windows before the shooting began.
One gunman was seen drawing a
pistol and firing at the officers, who
opened fire with submachine guns.
Panicked onlookers fled.
The brown Datsun, loaded with
33 pounds of explosives, was parked
outside an automobile repair shop.
The shop owner, Hussein Jam-
mal, who was wounded in the blast,
told police the young man who left
the car told him he wanted its radia
tor repaired and he would be back to
pick it up.
Jammal said, “The man walked
away. Minutes afterwards, the car
exploded and I saw blood all over
me. I looked around for the man,
but there was no trace of him.”
hostages.
Texans fight
to keep aliens
part of census
AUSTIN (AP) — Texas asked
Tuesday to join the fight against a
lawsuit that would bar the govern
ment from counting illegal aliens in
the 1990 census, a move it says could
cost the state federal funds and con
gressional seats.
Texas Attorney General Jim Mat
tox said the U.S. Census Bureau has
always been required to count all
“persons,” not just citizens, in the na
tional head-counting conducted ev
ery 10 years.
The census report is used for sev
eral purposes, including the appor
tionment of U.S. House seats.
Texas, which now has 27 House
members, could gain as many as
four more in the 1990 census, Mat
tox said, adding that a court decision
ordering the Census Bureau not to
count illegal aliens could mean fewer
additional seats for the state.
“It is essential these people be
counted as they have been for the
last 200 years,” Mattox said of illegal
aliens. “The term ‘persons’ is all in
clusive. We want everybody
counted.”
The Mexican American Legal De
fense and Education Fund also
asked to intervene as a defendant in
the federal lawsuit, filed Feb. 18 in
Pittsburgh, brought by 41 congress
men.
And Mattox said the state of New
York and the cities of Chicago and
New York have asked to intervene as
defendants as well.
He said there could be as many as
1.2 million “undocumented work
ers” in Texas that would not be
counted if the plaintiffs prevail.
They are people for whom the state
has been ordered to provide a vari
ety of services, including free educa
tion.
“This lawsuit would threaten our
ability to do that if it is successful,”
he said at a news conference.
MALDEF lawyer Jose Garza said
the lawsuit, if successful, could have
a “devastating” effect on the His
panic community.
“We’ve had a great deal of diffi
culty convincing the Hispanic pop
ulation that they should cooperate
(with the Census Bureau) and that it
is in their best interests to cooper
ate,” he said.
Garza added that some illegal
aliens have feared information they
gave to census officials would be
turned over to immigration officials.
The lead plaintiff in the lawsuit is
U.S. Rep. Thomas Ridge, R-Pa., who
is concerned his state will lose U.S.
House seats as a result of the 1990
census if illegal aliens are counted.
Projections by the bipartisan Con
gressional Research Service Study
show that Texas and California are
certain to gain House seats if illegal
aliens are counted, while Pennsylva
nia and Connecticut will lose seats.
Alabama, North Carolina, Michi
gan and Missouri also are at risk of
losing seats, according to the study.