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The Battalion
Vol. 87 No. 142 CISPS 045360 12 Pages College Station, Texas Wednesday, April 27, 1988
Experts study arms control issue
Variety of opinions mark talks about deterrents
By Tracy Staton
Senior Staff Writer
U.S. attempts to negotiate directly
with the Soviet Union about arms
control reflect its desire to preserve
deterrence of nuclear war, and are
not designed to weaken its existing
European alliance, three foreign
policy experts said Tuesday.
But Former Secretary of Defense
Robert S. McNamara, former British
Prime Minister Sir James Callaghan
and former U.S. Sen. John Tower of
Texas did not agree on a variety of
specific arms control issues as they
presented their views on “Nuclear
War: Thinking the Unthinkable” for
the MSC Wiley Lecture Series in
Rudder Auditorium. The talks were
moderated by conservative political
commentator William F. Buckley.
McNamara said the Soviets have
presented the United States with an
unprecedented opportunity to nego
tiate limits on nuclear weapons and
other weapons systems.
“They appear willing to negotiate
arms contol agreements,” he said.
“What do these words mean? When
we go beyond the rhetoric, we see
that we haven’t had this opportunity
in the forty years since World War
II, and our success depends on
maintaining unity in NATO.”
Some people have charged that
the U.S.-Soviet negotiations will
weaken the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization. But Callaghan said
NATO is not threatened by arms
control negotiations between the two
superpowers.
“Logically, the INF treaty would
be a decoupling from the U.S.-Euro
pean alliance, but it’s not true in rea
lity,” he said. “In the forty years of
peace NATO has seen since World
War II, our common interests have
held us together.”
Tower and McNamara agreed
that direct U.S.-Soviet arms control
agreements are not intended to po
larize NATO.
“At the beginning and end of ne
gotiating sessions for INF, NATO
members were briefed in Brussels,”
Tower said. “Some suggestions by
the Germans had an impact — the
zero option, for instance, was made
in Germany.”
INF has paved the way for more
effective deterrence, they said. The
treaty not only eliminated an entire
class of nuclear weapons, it has
formed a foundation for a future
strategic arms agreement that could
further reduce the capability of the
United States or the Soviet Union to
launch a nuclear first strike.
But although the speakers agreed
that a properly-formulated strategic
arms reduction treaty (START)
would be a victory for arms control,
they disagreed on some other as
pects of the nuclear arms race, espe
cially deployment of a strategic de
fense initiative.
McNamara said deployment of
SDI would cause the Soviets to think
the United States could have first-
strike capability, thus undermining
deterrence of nuclear war.
“ ‘Star wars’ is a classic case of
good intentions that are not good in
reality,” he said in his opening re
marks. “It’s attacking the right thing
but in the wrong way. They (the So
viets) see it as an attempt to add de
fense to offense and thus escalate
the arms race.”
Callaghan was more open to the
idea of SDI, but said the United
States should research the issue fully
before making a decision.
“The issue is unresolved philo
sophically, politically or practically,”
he said in a Tuesday afternoon press
conference. “I don’t understand
what the objective of SDI is now —
how it will effect stability, to what ex
tent it is supposed to cover America
with a ‘blanket’ — and I don’t under
stand the impact of a 50 percent re
duction in strategic arms in START
when we don’t have a complete un
derstanding of SDI. I hope the U.S.
doesn’t go chasing it as a solution un
til it is clear about the philosphy of
SDI — whether to use it to reinforce
or replace existing deterrents.”
On the other hand, Tower said
SDI was an important tool in obtain
ing leverage in negotiations.
“SDI was very important to our
negotiating leverage with the Sovi
ets,” said Tower, who was the U.S.
strategic arms negotiator in Geneva
in 1986. “First they made a public di
plomacy error when they walked out
of negotiations in 1985. They then
saw the determination of the (Rea
gan) administration and saw the pos
sibility of SDI. Since they have a
healthy respect for American tech
nology, they came back to negotiate
because they imagined that SDI
would render their enormous ICBM
forces obsolete.”
The speakers had varying opin
ions on the Soviet capability to pro
duce a system similar to SDI.
“The heart of SDI is data proc
essing,” McNamara said. “It means
we must increase our capability to
process data, and that’s our founda
tion of commercial supremacy in the
twentieth century . . . We are ahead
of them in the balance of the el
ements required to develop SDI.”
Tower agreed that the Soviets lag
behind Americans in computer ca
pability, but said they could acquire
U.S. technology from both clandes
tine and legitimate sources.
“They are ahead of us in the other
areas involved in SDI like lasers and
particle accelerators,” he said. “And
we cannot assume they can’t get the
other information — they don’t have
to worry about going through Con
gress to appropriate money for the
project.”
North’s diaries subpoenaed by Senate committee on drug smuggling
WASHINGTON (AP) — The
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
voted 16-1 Tuesday to subpoena the
private working diaries of Lt. Col.
Oliver L. North in its continuing in
vestigation of international cirug
smuggling.
Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., ex
pressed concern that the originals of
the North diaries have never been
turned over to government authori
ties in uncensored form but remain
in the hands of North and his attor
ney, Brendan V. Sullivan.
The subpoena calls for North and
Sullivan to produce 2,848 pages of
handwritten diary notes in their en
tirety and with no deletions.
The notes cover the period from
September 1984 to November 1986,
when North was fired from his posi
tion on the National Security Coun
cil in the Iran-Contra arms and
money furor.
A version of the North diary al
ready has been made available to the
congressional Iran-Contra commit
tees, but Kerry said North and Sulli
van heavily censored 1,269 pages
with black ink.
Speaking of the North diaries,
Kerry told the committee, “I’m not
asserting that there’s a smoking gun
or something hidden or that some of
the redactions (deletions) are not ap
propriate. My assertion is that, given
what has already been declassified, I
don’t know how we can proceed with
our investigation without being able
to see all of it.
“The issue is one of investigation.
Should we have the right to look at
these classified documents, a work
product of a government em
ployee?”
Seventy-four pages of North’s
See Diaries, page 6
Dukakis, Bush take lead
by winning Pennsylvania
PHILADELPHIA (AP) — Mi
chael Dukakis trounced Jesse Jack-
son in the Pennsylvania primary
Tuesday night, gaining a landslide
that certified his status as Demo
cratic presidential front-runner.
George Bush won a resounding Re
publican victory and predicted the
state would deliver the final dele
gates needed to clinch the nomi
nation.
Dukakis was gaining 75 percent of
the vote with 13 percent of the pre
cincts counted, and Jackson was win
ning 18 percent. CBS reported on
the basis of interviews with the vot
ers that the Massachusetts governor
would win by a margin of roughly 2-
1.
Bush was gaining 79 percent to 11
percent for dropout Sen. Bob Dole
and 9 percent for former television
evangelist Pat Robertson.
The vice president campaigned
across Ohio during the day, declar
ing, “We’re almost getting down to
the main event. According to the
AP, this evening I’ll capture enough
delegates in the Pennsylvania pri
mary to exceed the 1,139 convention
delegates needed for the nomi
nation.”
The Associated Press delegate
survey indicated that by winning
most of the delegates at stake, Bush
would make his nomination a math
ematical certainty.
Dukakis sought a large majority of
the 178 Democratic National Con
vention delegates at stake in a drive
to pad his lead over Jackson. The
delegate tallies lagged hours behind
the popular vote.
Delegates were all that mattered
in the Republican race, where Bush
long ago routed his rivals to seize
command of the race for the nomi
nation.
The outline of Bush’s campaign
against Dukakis was taking shape.
The vice president said the Demo
cratic front-runner lacks foreign
policy experience and added, “That
will be a major issue in the fall.”
The vice president also arranged
to meet Wednesday with President
Reagan. Spokesman Marlin Fitzwa-
ter said Reagan “will see him first
thing in the morning, and I am sure
the president will offer his congratu
lations and discuss how he can help
in the campaign.”
The network polling place inter
views contained news that was as
good for Dukakis as his vote totals,
even though Jackson gained more
than 90 percent support from
blacks.
ABC polling analyst Doug Muzzio
said that for the first time in the
campaign season, Jukakis was win
ning a majority of voters who cited
the poor and elderly as their chief
concerns — voters Jackson always
won in prior contests. He said Duka
kis also was winning voters who cited
strong leadership and ability to
make a change, groups that Jackson
usually won in earlier races.
Dukakis forged his early Pennsyl
vania lead after a week-long cam
paign that looked and sounded
more like a mutual admiration so
ciety than the typical 1988 Demo
cratic primary brawl.
Jackson had scant hopes for a vic
tory in Pennsylvania, where his cam
paign failed to file a complete slate
See Primary, page 6
Duncan Hall to reopen soon,
Commons to receive facelift
By Tom Eikel
Staff Writer
Duncan Dining Hall, which has
been closed for renovation for one
and a half years, should reopen
sometime this summer and defi
nitely will be ready for a new fresh
man class in the fall, said Lloyd H.
Smith, Food Services director at
Texas A&M.
But the Corps won’t be the only
ones dining at Duncan next year,
Smith said, because renovations are
scheduled to begin in the fall on the
Commons dining facility. The din
ing area itself won’t be shut down
until after spring break of next year,
at which time civilian students will be
able to eat in Duncan.
“We hope to begin work (on the
Commons) in late October or early
November,” Smith said.
Duncan, however, failed what was
to be its final inspection Friday when
it was discovered that the grout used
to fill the cracks between the tiles on
the walls did not harden properly
and must be replaced.
“I talked to the general contractor
and he said he would have people
there working 24 hours until they
get it fixed,” Smith said. But this re
mains to be seen, he said.
Smith said workers will have to
scrape out the existing grout and re
place it. Replacing the grout and
correcting a few other minor prob
lems that the inspection turned up
could take a week or two, he said.
Other than that, the dining hall
will be ready to open once the em
ployees are trained and know how to
use the equipment, perform general
cleanup tasks and stock the facility,
he said.
“This could take about three
weeks,” he said.
Duncan will not open this semes
ter, but Smith said he hopes the fa
cility can begin operating sometime
in June. He also said he plans to
have a grand opening in the fall.
When Duncan reopens, cadets
will march to chow as usual but, once
inside Duncan, they will be served
cafeteria-style instead of family-
style. However, the Corps still will be
seated by outfits, Smith said.
Also, food will be distributed from
14 cafeteria-style stations in what
Smith calls a “plate ready” system.
Students will pick up plates on which
portions of food already have been
placed.
Electronic signs mounted above
the 140-foot serving counter will dis
play menus for each station. Each
station will serve a certain type of
food, and hamburgers, pizza, sand
wiches and french fries will be
served in a central area, he said.
See Renovate, page 6
Eternal Flame burns again
after construction repairs
Photo by Jay Janner
Texas A&M’s Eternal Flame was relighted after being repaired.
By Stephen Masters
Staff Writer
The Texas A&M Eternal
Flame, which has proved to be
somewhat less than “eternal”
since its construction four years
ago, is burning again.
Lone Star Gas reconnected the
gas line to the flame to relight it
this month, Kean Register of
Lone Star Gas said. The flame
first required new piping and a
new orifice, he said.
The old construction of the
flame included regulators and
other safety devices to stop the
flow of gas in the event that the
flame blew out, he said. The
safety valves provided in the old
connections were disconnected
because they were unnecessary,
he said.
“If the flame blows out now,
there won’t be much gas escap
ing,” he said. “There won’t be
enough to blow anything up. If a
spark is lit near it, it will just re
light the flame.”
The old flame had continual
problems with wind blowing the
flame out, but the new orifice and
increased gas pressure should
prevent this problem. Register
said.
“The only thing you can do is
stick an orifice in there and see if
it’s going to work,” he said.
“That’s basically what was done
before; it just wasn’t the right
size.
“Now if it goes out all we have
to do is just drill a bigger hole.”
As the class gift of the Class of
1983, the flame was plagued with
roblems in engineering and
urrying of the construction, a
1984 Battalion story reported.
The flame burns in a bronze
bowl atop a black granite pyr
amid. The pyramid sits in a 12-
point pond structure with four
fountains. The 12 points symbol
ize the 12th Man.
The original construction re
sulted not only in trouble keeping
the flame lighted, but also in
trouble with the fountain, which
had problems with the nozzles for
the water. Edward Kozlowski, as
sociate director for maintenance
and modification and director of
the A&M Physical Plant, said this
problem also recently has been
corrected.
Register said repairs on the
flame were minimal, with most of
the expense in labor. The only
parts required were a three-quar
ter-inch plumbing pipe and a
brass cap for the old safety valves,
he said. He did not give an exact
dollar figure.
The relighting was requested
by Class of ’83 officers who called
Kozlowski, Register said.
Kozlowski in turn called Register
to see what could be done to get
the flame relighted.
The flame originally was de
signed to symbolize the burning
spirit that the Class of 1983 held
for A&M and was intended to
light torches for bonfire and can
dles for Muster ceremonies.