Page 8/The Battalion/Friday, July 2, 1987
World and Nation
Korean president lists prisoners to be released
SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — The
government Wednesday drew up a
list of hundreds of political prisoners
to be released after President Chun
Doo-hwan agreed to protesters’ de
mands for far-reaching reforms and
direct presidential elections.
Government and opposition party
officials met separately to prepare
for joint talks next week to imple
ment the reforms, overhaul the con
stitution and hold direct presidential
elections by the fall.
Chun bowed to opposition de
mands to end years of authoritarian
government after 18 days of violent
nationwide protests by hundreds of
thousands of people demanding his
ouster.
“Because social stability and na
tional harmony were being under
mined by the recent continuing
demonstrations and strife, I believe
that you, my fellow countrymen, not
only experienced serious inconve
nience and anxiety but were also
worried that catastrophe might be
fall the nation,” Chun said in a spe
cial address to the nation Wednes
day.
“No matter how good a system
may be, it is of no use if the people
do not want it,” he said. “I believe
that the intrinsic function of politics
is to carry out the public will.”
South Koreans responded
joyously.
“It’s sure to be such a change that
the nation is at the threshold of real
izing a genuine democracy,” Seoul
resident Lee Jung-soon said.
But some students were skeptical.
One student who gave his name as
Choi said: “It’s nothing special. He’s
just trying to fool the people to keep
power for his party.” Students led
the recent protests.
Police officials said no protests
were reported Wednesday.
Roh Tae-woo, head of the govern
ing Democratic Justice Party and
Chun’s choice as the next president,
said Monday in a stunning turn
around that he would resign unless
Chun gave in to the opposition de
mands.
Chun, whose seven-year term ex
pires in February, said in his address
that he “spent many sleepless nights”
since the daily demonstrations began
June 10.
The grim-faced president said he
was accepting all the opposition’s de
mands for direct presidential elec
tions, constitutional reform, press
freedom, release of political prison
ers and limiting the central govern
ment’s power.
Groups of people gathered in
shops and tea houses to near Chun’s
speech on televison and radio or
read extra editions of newspapers,
then excitedly discussed the
changes.
Ministry of Justice officials who
spoke on condition of anonym*;
said about 1,100 political prisoi
would be released in coming t
and that about 100 prisoners wol
be freed this weekend.
Kim Dae-jung, a top opposiii
leader, said there were about 3,11
political prisoners and demanded, I
be released unless they were to I
lessee! Communists.
It was not clear if Kim, whoul
stripped of his civil rights andli I
red from politics under a 1980se|
tion conviction, would be covet a
under the amnesty. Roh on Mont I
cited Kim’s case as one foramnesti
Supreme Court nominee: Courts
extend authority beyond bounds
WASHINGTON (AP) — U.S. Circuit Court
Judge Robert Heron Bork, whom President Rea
gan said Wednesday he will nominate to the Su
preme Court, believes the courts have extended
constitutional rights and federal authority be
yond their proper bounds.
Bork, 60, is best known for his actions during
the so-called “Saturday Night Massacre” at the
height of the Watergate scandal in 1973, when he
obeyed President Nixon’s order to fire special
Watergate prosecutor Archibald Cox after the
Justice Department’s top two officials resigned
rather than do Nixon’s bidding.
The former professor at Yale University’s
School of Law has assailed high court decisions
on abortion, sexual freedom and many types of
free expression, charging that “when the court
nationalizes morality, it strikes at federalism in a
central way.”
In April 1982, Bork said Roe vs. Wade, the Su
preme Court decision that legalized abortion, “is
a classic instance” of the court imposing its mor
ality on local jurisdictions.
He contended that abortion should be a mat
ter for local control.
At the time, Bork said Reagan appointments
to the Supreme Court could have an important
effect on slowing the expansion of constitution
ally protected rights, although it was impossible
to tell how permanent the impact would be.
If “the industry of non-interpretive review”
was not stopped, constitutional rights would con
tinue to be expanded beyond their rightful
bounds, he said.
“The judge who looks outside the Constitution
always looks merely inside himself,” he said in
June 1982.
A trend in expanding the Constitution could
lead to the “naturalization of moral values” and a
“gentrification of the Constitution” reflecting
only upper-middle class values, he said.
Reagan appointed Bork to the U.S. Circuit
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in
.1981 and he was confirmed in 1982.
During the Watergate scandal’s “Saturday
Night Massacre” on Oct. 20, 1973, Bork fired
Cox, at Nixon’s direction, after Attorney General
Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General
William D. Ruckelshaus resigned rather than fol
low Nixon’s order.
After the resignations, Bork assumed the at
torney general’s position because his job as solici
tor general made him third in the line of succes
sion at the Justice Department.
Richardson, who now practices law, said Tues
day in an interview with the New York Times
that Bork acted honorably in the incident by
obeying Nixon’s order and then calling for a new
special prosecutor.
Leon Jaworski was named Cox’s successor.
Senate Majority Leader Robert C. Byrd, D-W.
Va., said in advance of Reagan’s announcement
that the nomination of Bork “would be inviting
problems” because of his role in the Watergate
scandal. However, when questioned about Bork’s
chances for approval, Byrd said he could be con
firmed.
Born in Pittsburgh on March 1, 1927, Bork re
ceived his bachelor’s degree from the University
of Chicago in 1948 and his doctorate of law there
in 1953. He then served as a research associate
on a law and economics project at the university.
Bork served in the Marine Corps Reserve
from 1945 to 1946 and from 1950 to 1952.
He practiced law briefly in New York, then re
turned to Chicago where he worked from 1955
to 1962 for the law firm of Kirkland, Ellis, Hod-
son, Chaffetz 8c Masters.
In 1962, he became an associate professor at
Yale University’s School of Law, moving up to
full professor in 1965. At Yale he was known as a
prolific writer who contributed to law journals
and magazines such as Fortune and The New Re
public, where he wrote a pro-Nixon article in
1968.
He went on leave from Yale in 1973 to work
for the Justice Department during the Nixon ad
ministration, and returned to Yale in 1975, serv
ing as the school’s Chancellor Kent Professor of
Law from 1977 to 1979. He then was named Al
exander M. Bickel Professor of Public Law, a title
he held until 1981 when he left the school to join
the Washington law firm of Kirkland & Ellis.
He married the former Claire Davidson on
June 15, 1952 and they had three children, Rob
ert, Charles and Ellen. His wife died in 1980, and
he married the former Mary Ellen Pohl in 1982.
North gives version
of Iran-Contra affair
after 7-month silence
WASHINGTON (AP) — Fired
White House aide Oliver L.
North, ending seven months of
silence, was questioned in a
“friendly and ousinesslike” ses
sion Wednesday about President
Reagan’s role in the Iran-Contra
affair.
Wearing his olive-green Ma
rine Corps uniform with six rows
of decorations. North gave a
“thumbs up” signal to a bystander
and smiled as he entered a green-
carpeted room in the basement of
the Rayburn House Office Build
ing for a private interrogation by
House and Senate lawyers.
“What do you plan to tell
them?” a reporter asked.
“The truth,” North replied.
“Is there anything you’d like to
say to us?”
“Have a nice day,” he said.
North then took his seat for
questioning by Arthur L. Liman,
chief counsel for the Senate in
vestigative committee, and John
Nields, the top lawyer for the
House panel. He left left one
hour and 40 minutes later, smil
ing, giving a salute to a clusterol
reporters and photographers, but{
saying nothing.
Robert Havel, a spokesmanfoi|
the House committee, said North!
was put under oath midway
thi ough the session and went
through the prescribed formula!
of at first refusing to answerques j
tions because of his Fifth Amend
ment rights against self-incrimi
nation.
He was then formally granted
limited immunity and responded
to a series of questions lastind
about 25 minutes.
Lance Morgan, spokesman for
the Senate committee, described
the session as “friendly and busi
nesslike,” and said North shoo!
hands with committee member!
as he entered the room.
An informal interview pres
ceded the witness’ sworn re f
sponses, Morgan said. He said!
those questions were limited to>
North’s “knowledge of theextentlj
of the piesidem's involvementm'l
or knowledge of the diversion, if ^
any” of Iran arms sale money to
the Contra rebels in Nicaragua
Waldheim receives
praise from Hussein
during visit to Jordan
AMMAN, Jordan (AP) — King
Hussein on Wednesday praised
the “noble human values” of Aus
trian President Kurt Waldheim,
who is emerging from a year of
diplomatic isolation caused by al
legations he helped deport Jews
to Nazi death camps.
The king, Queen Noor and
other members of the royal fam
ily gathered at Amman’s military
airport to welcome Waldheim on
his second presidential visit
abroad since he was elected presi
dent in June 1986.
Last week, Waldheim went to
the Vatican for an audience with
Pope John Paul II, rousing pro
tests from Israel and Jewish
groups around the world.
At a palace banquet Wednes
day evening, Hussein praised the
which you
former United Nations secretary-
g eneral for what he called Wald-
eim’s “patriotism, integrity and
wisdom.”
He said Waldheim’s presi
dential election victory showed
Austrians appreciated “the noble
human values for whic
stand.”
Waldheim repeatedly has den
ied allegations of wrongdoing
during his World War II service
in the German army in the Bal
kans. He also has denied being
ostracized by the international
community, saying he has re
ceived invitations from Libya,
Iran and other countries.
Four Jordanian air force Mi
rage jets flew overhead as Hus
sein and Waldheim reviewed a
military honor guard at Amman’s
military airport.
Doctors in southern Florida protesting
high U.S. malpractice insurance rates
MIAMI (AP) — Doctors protest
ing the nation’s highest malpractice
insurance rates curtailed emergency
services Wednesday in South Florida
and threatened to quit treating pa
tients to mark what they called “Di
saster Day.”
The state’s largest malpractice in
surer boosted its premiums by up to
42.7 percent and the second-largest
stopped renewing policies alto
gether.
Hardest hit by the boycott was
Broward County, where the number
of emergency rooms accepting
trauma patients with head and spi
nal cord injuries shrank from 16 to
four, said Ralph Marrinson, chair
man of the county’s emergency man
agement resources committee.
A 2-year-old girl with seizures was
turned down by three hospitals be
fore being taken to Broward Gen
eral Medical Center, emergency res
cue worker Pete Pavelic said.
“I’m worried about what it’s going
to do to the people,” Pavilec said.
“We’re all potential accident vic
tims.”
The president of the Broward
County Medical Association balked
at calling the physicians’ action a
strike, saying those withdrawing
from emergency treatment had no
choice.
“The doctors aren’t on strike; they
simply can’t afford to practice,” Dr.
Peter Tomasello said. “The leaking
dam has cracked.”
Obstetricians and neurologists are
hardest hit by the malpractice insur
ance crisis.
Warren Callaway, administrator
of HCA Northwest Regional Hospi
tal in the Broward town of Margate,
said he knew of an obstetrician who
was quoted a rate of $160,000 a year
for just $250,000 of insurance cover
age.
“That doesn’t make much sense,
but that’s what the insurance com
pany has quoted him,” Callaway said.
“As a result, he has packed his bags
and is moving to Missouri,” where
he will pay only $6,000.
Broward General, one of the few
county hospitals accepting all emer
gency patients, had a 10 percent in
crease in its patient load Wednesday
morning, and officials said they ex
pected that figure to continue rising.
“This is certainly a harbinger of
things to come,” said Dr. Thom
Mayer, director of emergency medi
cine for North Broward County.
“It’s our job to take care of the pa
tients, but there is always an end
point when they cannot handle any
more.”
Half-page advertisements an
nouncing “Disaster Day” were taken
out in Miami-area newspapers
Wednesday by the Dade County
Medical Association, which called
the insurance situation “malpratc
blackmail.”
The ad said many doctors ‘>j
have no choice but to quit pracifc
The head of the Dade associa:
said tourists should avoid So-
Florida.
i
“If something happens, il
(tourists) may not be able to i?
treated,” Dr. Richard Glatzersaid
The protest began building sf
lier this year when many D<
County emergency rooms tempo::
ily shut down because of the®
practice insurance rates.
Last month, Palm Beach Con:
obstetricians announced they wot
not accept new clients, althoil
many softened their position m
Gov. Bob Martinez said he intend
to call a special legislative session
deal with the problem. No date
agenda has been set for a session
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