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Page 6rThe Battalion/Wednesday, May 20, 1987
Manic depression
(Continued from page 1)
ble illness to have. Not that it is desir
able, but because it is a disease of the
upper class. The socio-economic
class that it affects' is the one most
people would like to belong to.
“Also, some of the world’s most
creative people suffer from manic
depression.”
of the University of California, Los
Angeles. Jamison surveyed 47 of the
top British artists atid writers, ques
tioning them about their mood states
and their treatment history.
difficult to recognize the illness in
the early stages, Simpson says.
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Historical figures who were diag
nosed as manic-depressives or who
had histories of such behavior in
clude Abraham Lincoln, Ernest
Hemingway, Virginia Wolf, Winston
Churchill, Vivian Leigh and 19th
century artist Vincent Van Gogh.
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Thirty-eight percent of the total
had sought treatment for mood dis
orders — a rate about 30 times that
of the general population. Writers
experienced the most problems and
of these, poets topped the list— half
of them reported psychiatric inter
vention for depression or mania.
And a large percentage of the play
wrights had been treated for mood
disorders.
“Highly distractible in the early
phases of mania, the individual is
witty, humorous, and delightful to
listen to,” he says. “As the distur
bance progresses, genuine grandios
ity appears and the manic’s friends
and associates begin to become un
comfortable and attempt to avoid his
or her company.”
Although tests show mental per
formance declines in mania, Simp
son says, manic individuals believe
their ability to think and reason has
never been better.
perience poor concentration, al
though the people in the former cat
egory rarely admit to having
problems.
The drive and activity of people in
the manic stale are the most striking
features of this mental illness. They
are excessive in every way and, as the
illness progresses, their disorganiza
tion, lack of sleep, excessive expen
diture of money and intrusion into
other’s lives become very apparent.
Inversely, deficient motivation,
diminished initiative, decreased ef fi
ciency and increased errors in per
formance are all signs of a depressed
person.
According to an article in Psychol
ogy Today, psychiatrist Nancy An-
dreasen of the University of Iowa
College of Medicine was the first in
vestigator to have used modern psy
chiatric diagnostic criteria to explore
the relationship between manic de
pression and creativity.
Although most investigators be
lieve that creative achievement oc
curs despite — not because of —
emotional illness, Jamison says in
tense creative episodes often are in
distinguishable from hypomania.
In the 1970s, Andreasen com
pleted a study of 15 prestigous
American writers and compared
them with another group matched
for age, education and sex. Ten of
the writers had histories of mood
disorders, compared with only two
from the comparison group. Two of
the 10 were diagnosed as manic-de
pressive and almost all of them re
ported mood swings, including
manic or hypomanic (mildy manic)
states.
Ostwald says the relationship be
tween creativity and mental health
isn’t always clear cut, although seve
ral other studies have indicated that
there is a connection between cre
ativity and manic depression.
Some manic-depressives are re
luctant to seek medical treatment be
cause they don’t want to lose their
creativity, he says.
“People in a manic stage may
think that they are doing all this
wonderful creative work,” he says,
“but they really are not.”
People in the manic stage are
prone to buying sprees, foolish busi
ness investments and reckless driv
ing, he says, as well as a lack of con
cern for the cosequences of sexual
promiscuity.
This data supports findings of an
investigation conducted in Great
Britain by psychologist Kay Jamison
But Dale Simpson, counseling
psychologist at Family Life Counsel
ing Services in Bryan, says the
manic-depressive person often
doesn’t know, or isn’t willing to ad
mit, that something is wrong.
Many times f riends and the family
of the manic-depressive notice some
thing is wrong and try to get the per
son to seek counseling, but it often is
“I once had a patient who, during
a manic episode, purchased 1 1 auto
mobiles in one month,” he says.
When manic-depressive people
come off a high, Simpson says, they
usually become depressed because
they have to deal with the financial
and psychological consequences of
their wild sprees.
“In the depressed stage, the per
son’s judgement is impaired in the
opposite direction,” he says. “They
have low self-esteem. They don’t
think they are capable of anything.”
In both states, he says, there is a
clear change of thinking. Both
manic and depressed individuals ex-
Frances Kimbrough, a counseling
psychologist in Bryan, savs it’s im
portant to try to help students with
manic depression because they
usually won’t seek aid themselves
unless something drastic has hap
pened.
“The greatest resource available
to students is the student counseling
service at A&M,” Kimbrough says.
Patients must be thoroughly as
sessed before being diagnosed as
having manic depression, she says.
“The person is given both biologi
cal and mental tests,” she says. “We
also look at the person’s history —
heredity plays a large part in bipolar
disorders.
“An important feature of bipolar
disorders is their episodic nature.
When episodes recur, they fre
quently do so at regular intervals.”
Schumann-Ousely says, “Students
have a tendency to be ashamed of
being manic-depressive. I w ish I
could make them see that it's not
their fault.”
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