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WARSAW, Poland (AP) — At a
recent meeting, Poland’s Parliament
passed a law establishing factory wel
fare and housing funds. Next it ap
proved amendments to the penal
code.
Then it got down to the big issue
of the day.
When, a deputy asked, is the toilet
paper shortage going to end?
To buy 10 rolls of this “rarity”
means standing in line for hours,
said the deputy, Krystyna Zielinska-
Zarzycka, a Communist Party mem
ber who has gained a reputation as a
kind of gadfly when it comes to con
sumer issues.
She demanded answers from Ed
ward Grzy wa, the minister of chemi
cal and light industry, whose domain
includes toilet paper production.
Grzywa told Parliament that Po
land now produces 320 million rolls
of toilet paper a year for its 37 mil
lion people, out of which 275 million
reach the open market.
“We’re still about 100 million rolls
short of demand,” he said.
He appealed for patience.
A new factory is under construc
tion, the minister said, and six paper
mills are being modernized.
But $45 million is needed and
completion of the projects is at least
three years away, he added.
During seven years of economic
hardship, shortages of many other
consumer goods have come and
gone in Poland.
But the toilet paper problem re
mains, a self-fulfilling cliche about
life in Eastern Europe.
“These are small but irritating
things,” Zielinska-Zarzycka said in a
telephone conversation. “These are
our pains and problems. Every na
tion has its own pains and problems.
We have a lot of them and expose
them.”
Services expand worshipping flexibility
Monday, November 3, 1986/The Battalion/Page 11
Pentagon: Some
radar types spot
Stealth bomber
WASHINGTON (AP) — The su
per-secret Stealth bomber, for all its
vaunted ability to evade radar detec
tion, can be spotted by at least one
type of sophisticated radar now en
tering the U.S. arsenal, officials say.
The Pentagon has for years ad
vertised the capabilities of the new
radar — the Over-The-Horizon-
Backscatter or OTH-B — in the
course of winning congressional ap
proval to ring the U.S. coast with an
OTH-B network to detect airplanes
and cruise missiles.
Indeed, the Air Force disclosed
with some fanfare last month that it
had used its first OTH-B radar unit
to track President Reagan’s Air
Force One all the way to Iceland for
his recent summit meeting.
But the ability of an OTH-B sys
tem to detect Stealth aircraft is one
capability about which the Pentagon
and Air Force have remained quiet.
One crack in that silence occurred
this summer, when an Australian sci
entist working on his country’s over-
the-horizon system discussed the ra
dar’s capabilities during a public
conference in Canberra.
Pentagon officials subsequently
agreed over the past month to dis
cuss the matter with The Associated
Press, confirming the Australian sci
entist’s observation and saying the
Soviet Union could use OTH-B as
easily as the United States.
The officials, who spoke on condi
tion of anonymity, said they were
willing to discuss the matter because
while an OTH-B system can detect
Stealth aircraft, such detection poses
no threat because of the way the
bombers would be used.
Since the Pentagon does not envi
sion using its bombers for surprise
first-strike raids, it is not concerned
about OTH-B detection.
“What Stealth is intended to do is
to fix it so that an aircraft can deliver
its ordnance to a target within the
enemy territory. Now, it’s not de
signed to keep the other guy from
knowing that the war has started.
What you want to do is counter the
things that are going to shoot at you
and kill you,” said one ranking de
fense official.
One of the limitations of the
OTH-B system is that it cannot pro
vide any radar coverage within 500
nautical miles of the transmitter. A
Stealth bomber, then, would disap
pear off the scope as it approached a
coastline, allowing a change in
course or other evasive tactics.
And in the event of a nuclear war,
the huge facilities required for
OTH-B probably would be de
stroyed in the initial exchange, re
storing the Stealth bomber’s advan
tage.
“Nonetheless, it’s true a func
tioning OTH-B system could detect
these planes at range and at least at
tempt to scramble fighters to find
them,” one official said. “We think
Stealth could get through to per
form its mission.”
An over-the-horizon radar differs
from conventional systems in its use
of the ionosphere, a layer of the
Earth’s atmosphere. Unlike conven
tional radar systems, which transmit
and receive radio-frequency signals
in a straight line to the horizon, an
OTH system transmits radio signals
skyward.
By using frequencies in the lower
range of the high frequency spec
trum, radio signals bounce off the
ionosphere back to the Earth’s sur
face.
As is the case with conventional
radar, if the signals strike an object,
a return “echo” bounces back. But
with an OTH system, the signals bo
unce upward to the ionosphere once
again and then back to a large re
ceiver on land.
By using sophisticated computer
systems and knowledge about atmo
spheric conditions, the OTH-B can
be tuned to scan an area ranging
from about 500 nautical miles to
1,800 nautical miles beyond the
transmitter, compared with a range
of less than 100 miles for a normal
radar.
Stealth is a variety of technologies,
combined toward the goal of reduc
ing an airplane’s visibility to radar. A
Stealth plane avoids sharp angles;
uses special radio-energy absorbing
materials, and attempts to blend en
gines into the fuselage.
1
Drive-in church offers alternative
leapt >
hal
ARMBRUST, Pa. (AP) — Harry
Bisping parks his orange Volkswa
gen Beetle in the gravel lot of Arm-
ii brust Wesleyan Church, turns on his
radio and waits for Sunday services
: to start.
5 “Vans, Trucks And Campers
Please Park In Rear,” says a sign
; over the pulpit.
Bisping’s church is a drive-in,
! inspired by outdoor movie theaters
and fast-food restaurants, and he
thinks it’s a fine idea.
“There are softer seats for one
thing,” Bisping, 74, says from the
bucket seat of the 1974 Beetle that
has traveled 156,000 miles.
For the past 10 years, the Rev. J.L.
Clark has preached in his outdoor
chapel in this rural Westmoreland
County village 35 miles east of Pitts-
1 burgh. Attendance averages about
100 for the 8:45 a.m. service.
Clark’s pulpit is a redwood ga
zebo. Worshipers tune their radios
to a special channel to hear the choir
and the sermon.
Vehicles park in rows in the
church’s lot, which is surrounded by
wooded hills and mown hayfields.
“The outdoor service fulfills a
need for vacationers, campers, the
handicapped or people just going
out of town for the day,” Clark says.
“It’s an opportunity to drop by and
worship in casual attire.”
The minister says worshipers are
encouraged to “come as they are.”
“Some stop before the service to
buy coffee and doughnuts,” he says.
“Some come with their children still
in their night clothes.”
Inspired by the drive-in movie
concept, Clark held his first outdoor
service in 1952 when he was based in
Indiana County. The idea has been
popular with the 450-member con
gregation here, but a regular service
is held at 11 a.m. for traditionalists.
“I enjoy speaking in the open air,” _
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Former Students Susan Sparkman Boston U. Law
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MSC MBA/LAW SYMPOSIUM COMMITTEE
Clark says. “It’s exciting to be out
under the sun. It’s a pleasant Sunday
morning experience.”
In the comfort and solitude of
their cars, people can sing loudly
and off-key without annoying oth
ers. Parents can shush their fid
geting children by rolling up their
windows. And invalids and the el
derly don’t have to worry about get
ting in and out of the sanctuary.
“I’m trying to revise our methods
to minister to the people of this day,”
Clark says. “Traditional methodo-
logyjust isn’t reaching some people.
People are not going to stuffy
churches.”
Elizabeth Kunkle, 70, attended a
recent service with her daughter,
Brenda Meyers of New Stanton, and
her springer spaniel, Heidi, who
poked her nose out the car window
but refrained from barking.
“The dog never misses,” Kunkle
says. “She goes everywhere we go.
We could never bring her to a regu
lar church.”
“There are people who come to
this that don’t come to regular serv
ices,” says Goldie Musgrove, 67.
“They can come just as they are.”
She used the time before church to
balance her checkbook while sitting
in the cab of a red pickup, where she
keeps her Bible.
Her husband, Ed, 71, likes the
drive-in because he’s had three heart
attacks and has been advised by doc
tors not to climb up or down steps.
“I’m not supposed to walk up or
walk down, just on the level,” says
Musgrove, a retired coal miner who
is always one of the earlier arrivals.
Rain can be a nuisance, but
church officials say no outdoor serv
ice has ever been canceled by bad
weather.
“We’ve never been rained out in
10 years,” Clark says.
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