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Winners Take All
Statewide 4-H scholarship winners get some last minute
instructions before a photo session in the MSC. This year,
Photo by Anthony S. Casper
109 scholarships were awarded to high school seniors in
4-H amounting to $691,400.
- Challenger report
—I Congress promises tougher stance in NASA supervision
■ WASHINGTON (AP) — Mem
bers of Congress launched their in
vestigations of the Challenger acci
dent Tuesday with criticism of their
okvn past supervision of the space
agency and promises of a tougher
stance in the future.
■ At a Senate space subcommittee
hearing, chairman Slade Gorton, R-
Wash., said his panel would review
whether any of the recommendations
by the Rogers Commission need to be
written into law, but would in any
case be “monitoring how promptly
Astronauts
SPACE CENTER, Houston (AP) —
A Astronauts will gain more power in
1HASA if the recommendations of the
Rogers commission are followed, but
an astronaut said Tuesday that senior
military pilots still might avoid space
; agency management jobs because it
would mean a loss of up to $10,000 a
year in pay.
I The astronaut, who spoke only on
and completely NASA is following
the commission’s recommendations
and deciding the propriety of any
NASA decisions not to do so.”
Rep. Robert A. Roe, D-N.f., of the
House Committee on Science and
Technology, said, “Congress has
been too shy in finding fault with
NASA. As the result of the Challen
ger accident, Congress and NASA
must begin a new era, one in which
Congress must apply the same strong
oversight to NASA that it does to any
other government agency.”
Those remarks set the tone as law
makers in the House arid Senate be
gan a lengthy series of hearings into
the nation’s worst space disaster.
Key witnesses were William P. Ro
gers and Neil Armstrong, chairman
and vice chairman of the presidential
commission whose report on the acci
dent was released Monday.
Rogers said the commission had
done its job in pinpointing the cause
of the accident and underlining
NASA's deficiencies.
Summing up the commission’s
four-month probe, Rogers told the
House committee: “There’s no doubt
about it, serious mistakes were made.
We set them all out.”
Congress deferred to the Rogers
commission in the investigation, but
member after member began the
hearings with a pledge to look more
critically at NASA, which has enjoyed
overwhelming approval from legisla
tors for a quarter century.
Some critics have expressed con-
See Shuttle, page
could gain more power in NASA
condition that he not be identified,
said recommendations from the com
mission investigating the explosion of
the space shuttle Challenger are a
triumph for the astronaut corps and
will restore the powers once enjoyed
by the Apollo mission crews.
The Rogers commission recom
mended that the Flight Crew Opera
tions Directorate, which includes the
astronauts, should be elevated in the
NASA management structure.
“If that office gets elevated, then
the astronauts will have more say,” he
said. “Their word will be heard at a
higher level and the astronauts
should be able to accomplish more in
the design and the design changes of
the shuttle.
“This would effectively put the
astronaut office operating at the level
it did during the Apollo days,” he
added.
Members of the astronaut corps
also are happy about the commis
sion’s suggestion that more astro
nauts be placed in agency manage
ment positions.
‘White House
oversaw private
aid to Contras’
WASHING I ON (AP) — The
White House, working through out
side intermediaries, managed a pri
vate network that provided military
assistance to Nicaraguan rebels dur
ing last year’s congressional aid ban,
according to government officials,
rebel leaders and American suppor
ters.
The American intermediaries
helped the rebels with arms purch
ases, fund raising and enlistment of
military trainers after Congress, in
October 1984, barred U.S. officials
from “directly or indirectly” aiding
the Contra war against Nicaragua’s
leftist government.
The administration’s behind-the-
scenes role was described by more
than two dozen sources in interviews
over the past 18 months. Administra
tion officials told Congress last sum
mer that White House contact with
the rebels had been limited to politic
al advice.
Lt. Col. Oliver L. North, deputy
director for political-military affairs
at the National Security Council,
oversaw the intermediaries, includ
ing conservative activist Robert W.
Owen and retired Army Maj^Gen.
John K. Singlaub, sources said.
Most sources — five current and
former U.S. officials, 12 rebel leaders
and eight American Contra backers
— insisted on anonymity. The aid
ban lasted through September 1985,
when Congress provided $27 million
in non-lethal aid but restricted a U.S.
military role.
Owen, a former Republican con
gressional aide, operated as a private
individual during the ban although
sources said he worked out of North’s
office in late 1984 and early 1985.
Last fall, he won a $50,675 State De
partment grant to work with the re
bels.
One administration official close to
North and Owen said Owen acted as
North’s go-between to the rebel
movement and would participate in
military-related meetings that North
“considered (legally) risky.”
A prominent rebel said Owen
helped organize Nicaraguan Indian
military operations in Honduras and
establish a 200-man force in Costa
Rica in early 1985.
Two paramilitary trainers, Tom
Posey and Jack Terrell, said Owen,
claiming to represent the U.S. gov
ernment, sought their help in train
ing that new Contra force.
Owen, asked to comment both
directly and through associates, re
fused. North also refused comment,
as did White House spokesman Pete
Roussel.
Singlaub, chairman of the World
Anti-Communist League, is credited
by rebel leaders with raising funds
internationally for arms purchases
and advising them on military
strategy.
Singlaub has said the congression
al ban stopped North from giving
him direct “advice or encourage
ment.” But in an interview last Octo
ber, Singlaub said he had an arrange
ment with North that was “like in the
military” when a junior officer tells
his superior what he plans to do and
silence is regarded as approval. Sing
laub said he talked with North about
once a week but denied his work was
directed by North.
2 more days
to register
Thursday is the last day to reg
ister for classes for the first sum
mer session and the 10-week
semester.
Students can obtain registra
tion and drop/add forms from
their departmental advisers.
Forms must then be taken to the
first floor of the Pavilion, which
will be open from 8 a.m. to noon
and 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. today and
Thursday.
A $10 late registration fee will
be charged students registering at
this time.
All fees must be paid by 5 p.m.
Thursday.
Transfer students, readmitted
undergraduates and graduate
students who did not receive their
registration forms in the mail
must obtain them from the Office
of Admissions in Heaton Hall-
arrested in
alien smuggling operation
e
■ FF PASO (AP) — More than
10,000 aliens from Central America
and the Caribbean were smuggled
into the United States by a ring
broken up with the arrests of 10 peo
ple, federal officials said Tuesday
I Operating since 1974 with the help
of trucks contracted to carry U.S.
I mail, the smugglers charged an aver-
age of $ 1,500 per alien and used drop
.«((): houses in Mexico, Texas and Arizo-
® np. said Jim Selbe, agent in charge of
the U.S. Border Patrol anti
smuggling unit in El Paso.
According to a Border Patrol news
release, those indicted were charged
with “multiple felony violations of
federal statutes relating to the trans
portation and conspiracy to transport
aliens illegally into the United
States.”
Figures from the Border Patrol
show the ring reaped at least $ 15 mil
lion since 1974.
udents er '
tsv# E:
3 pr<
South African battle
death toll reaches 14
articiP a,lS
y Gfl^l
CROSSROADS, South Africa
AP) — Hundreds more shanties
ere burned Tuesday, the second
lay of a battle between rival blacks
that is laying waste to this squalid
[squatter camp. The death toll rose
to 14 and about 50,000 people are
homeless.
Men fought in a cold winter
Jain with guns, axes, iron bars,
locks — any weapon that came to
hand. Police said seven people
vere killed each day.
It is the second explosion of
liolence in less than a month be
tween conservative vigilantes and
■nilitant “comrades’’ in Cros
sroads, a sprawling shantytown 12
miles east of Cape Town that the
government has been trying to
bulldoze for years.
| Among 20 people wounded in
the two-day battle were four jour
nalists, one of whom suffered se
rious ax wounds.
Cameraman George De’Ath
and soundman Andile Fosi, South
African freelancers working for
the British network Independent
Television News, were slashed
with axes, apparently by the vigi
lantes, colleagues said.
De’Ath was seriously wounded
on the head and hands. He under
went surgery at Groote Schuur
Hospital and a hospital spokes
man said his condition was ex
tremely critical, adding: “The
prognosis is not good.”
Fosi was not seriously hurt. A
French photographer and a local
reporter suffered arm wounds
from gunfire and were in stable
condition.
Groups of aliens from the Domini
can Republic, Guatemala, Honduras
and Belize would be accompanied by
members of the smuggling ring to
Mexico City and Monterrey, officials
said.
From there, they were taken to sev
eral “safe houses” in Juarez, on the
south bank of the Rio Grande from El
Paso, and sneaked across the river by
guides to another safe house in this
border city.
Drivers of two tractor trailers from
a private company, under contract to
the U.S. Postal Service, would load
the aliens aboard and take them on
regular mail routes to Phoenix, Ariz.,
or the Dallas-Fort Worth area. The
aliens then would board planes des
tined primarily to the New England
area, Selbe said.
Agents infiltrated the ring and
provided information that resulted
in an indictment returned May 27 by
a federal grand jury in Fort Worth,
Selbe said. The arrests, which took
about a week to complete, started
May 30 in Fort Worth and El Paso, he
said.
As of Tuesday, three people out of
the 13 indicted were still at large.
Four were being held in El Paso, one
was held in Fort Worth and five had
been released on bond, authorities
said. .
Those being held in El Paso with
out bond included Carlos Vicente
Urizar-Granados, a 37-year-old
Guatemalan citizen who resides legal
ly in Providence, Rigoberto Avalos-
Medina, 31, an illegal alien from
Mexico who lives in El Paso, and San
tos Rodriguez-Esquivel, 65, who
allegedly ran a safe house in Juarez
with her daughter, Maria Inez Gar-
cia-Rodriguez, 23. Garcia also was
being held wihout bond.
Studies warn greenhouse effect is real
WASHINGTON (AP) — A dramatic
loss of ozone over Antarctica proves
the greenhouse effect is real and pre
sages a gradual warming of the Earth
that threatens floods, drought, hu
man misery in a few years and — if
not checked — eventual extinction of
the human species, scientists warned
Tuesday.
“I believe global warming is inevi
table; it’s only a question of magni
tude and time,” Robert Watson told
the Senate Environment subcommit
tee on environmental pollution.
“We can expect significant
changes in climate in the next few
decades,” said Watson, predicting
that if nothing is done to slow ozone-
depleting air pollution, temperatures
around the world could rise as much
as 10 degrees.
Watson is director of the upper
atmospheric program for the Nation
al Aeronautics and Space Adminis
tration.
James Hansen, director of NASA’s
Goddard Institute for Space Studies,
said global temperatures should be
nearly 2 degrees higher in 20 years,
“which is about the warmest the earth
has been in the last 100,000 years.”
Sherwood Rowland, a University
of California chemistry professor,
said that “if you have the greenhouse
effect going on indefinitely, then you
have a temperature rise that will ex
tinct human life” in 500 to 1,000
years.
The warnings came as the subcom
mittee opened two days of hearings
on the greenhouse effect — a long-
forecast consequence of man’s
pumping into the atmosphere such
chemicals as chlorofluorocarbons,
carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous
oxide.
Scientists say that by accumulating
in the atmosphere and destroying the
vital ozone layer, these and other sub
stances trap heat in the atmosphere,
producing drought conditions in
some places and causing coastal areas
to be inundated by oceans swollen by
melting polar and glacial ice.
For humans, they predict increases
in skin cancer as the earth’s surface is
bombarded by larger and larger
amounts of ultraviolet rays that are
normally screened to relatively safe
levels by the ozone belt.
The pace of atmospheric destruc
tion is increasing steadily and rapidly,
said Rowland, who in 1974 published
pioneering research on chlorofluor-
carbons — gases used as refrigerants
and aerosol-can propellants.
This led the United States to ban
their use is spray cans, but it con
tinues elsewhere.
“There is now compelling observa
tional evidence that the chemical
composition of the atmosphere is
changing at a rapid rate on a global
scale,” Watson said.
The scientists, calling for curbs on
air pollution, said a recently com
pleted five-year study in Antarctica
provides an ominous signal to the
world. They said that during that
period, there was an ozone loss over
the South Pole of from 30 percent to
50 percent.
Rowland said the finding proved
“the remarkable correlation between
this depletion in the Antarctic ozone
and the rapid growth in the atmos
pheric concentrations of chlorof-
luoromethanes, and the connection is
inescapable.”
Hansen said the average U.S. tem
perature has risen from 1 to 2 de
grees since 1958 and is predicted to
increase an additional 3 or 4 degrees
sometime between 2010 and 2020.