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Page 2B/The Battalion/Friday, April 11, 1986
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‘Chimneys’ found
on floor of Pacific
by Hawaiin group
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HONOLULU (AP) — Chimney stacks of crystallized minerals and a new
type of marine animal have been discovered on the western Pacific floor by
University of Hawaii researchers.
The sulfide “chimneys” and shells of a peculiar new deep-sea snail were
photographed with an ocean-bottom camera system aboard the UH vessel
Moana Wave.
The scientists also found a new type of plate boundary — where the
edges of the Earth’s plates meet and new crust is forming from basaltic lavas.
Brian Taylor, associate professor of geology and geophysics at the uni
versity’s Hawaii Institute of Geophysics (HIG), led the six-week-long investi
gation. It began in Honiara in the Solomon Islands and ended in Ponape in
the Caroline Islands.
“It was probably one of the most successful cruises the HIG has ever
had,” Taylor said in an interview. Good weather helped, he said. “We did
125 percent of what we set out to do and everything worked.”
The scientists used HIG’s unique SeaMARC II mapping instrument to
study the submarine geology of the Manus basin in the Bismarck Sea north
of New Britain, off the northeast coast of Papua New Guinea.
They also looked at the sea floor by “literally flying a camera system
three to five yards off the bottom,” Taylor said.
Besides the HIG team, scientists aboard the ship were from Australia,
New Guinea and the Committee for Coordination of Joint Prospecting for
Mineral Resources in South Pacific Offshore Areas, based in Suva, Fiji.
They are “ecstatic” about the findings, Taylor said.
Chimneys with metals have been found near the Galapagos Islands and
in other eastern Pacific areas, but those found by the Moana Wave are the
first located in the western Pacific, he said.
The stacks are about 1 '/a miles below the surface. This is “very shallow
for this type of occurrence,” which will be good, for mining when the re
sources are needed, Taylor said.
Slouch
By Jim
“/ guess I 'll huftH' slay in today! My butteries are
dead."
He said some of the chimneys are 6 to 10 feet high and others are 20 to
30 feet. They occur where the Earth’s crust is being split apart and new lavas
are being formed, Taylor explained. As water erupts from the hot volcanic
material and hits cold seawater, metals are thrown out and form sulfide
minerals such as copper, lead and zinc.
“It is just like a chimney on a house,” he said. “In that case, hot air is ris
ing and as it hits the outside air, there is a column of smoke. Similarly, as the
hot water comes out of the crust, it forms a plume of dense black fluid as the
hot water hits the cold water.
Because of this, the formations have been dubbed “black smokers.”
He said the sulfurous fluids attract “an abnormal abundance” of deep-
sea life, such as crabs, rat-tail fish, horny coral, tube worms and other fauna
similar to that found around hot water vents in the eastern Pacific.
But Manus basin lias a species of deep-sea snail — a memberoitkj
tropods family — that has never been seen before, he said.
He said shells “about the size of a fist” littered the sea flooraroundl
chimney stack in one area. None were around chimneys photograph!
f eet away, so the discovery was "fairly miraculous," Taylor said.
He said the animals had died because the hot water went away,
community of life was dependent on the hot water — that is why they!
oped at these sites."
The sc ientists spent a major part of the cruise surveying Manusli
with SeaMARC II to study faults, or fractures, in the sea floor andspr
ing centers where the Earth is creating new crust.
SeaMARC is a high-resolution sonar and mapping systemthatp
charts of the sea floor similar to air photo mosaics and topographicn
land.
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