The Battalion. (College Station, Tex.) 1893-current, November 27, 1985, Image 10

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World and Nation
Better training, experience cited
‘Spyhunters getting better results’
will be open
Thanksgiving Day
11am — 7pm
Associated Press
WASHINGTON — U.S. coun
terintelligence experts believe there
may be more spies in this country in
recent years, but they are sure that
better spy catchers with better tools
are a chief reason for the spate of
spying arrests.
“Success breeds success,” John L.
Martin, the top U.S. spy hunter,
said. “The CIA and the FBI have
been learning right along with us at
the Justice Department over the past
10 years how to effectively prosecute
spies while maintaining secrets.”
And each arrest and conviction in
creases the vigilance by government,
by defense industries and by the
public, he said.
The reasons for the growing ef
fectiveness stretch from the less
glamorous, such as better trained
and more experienced investigators
and prosecutors, to the highly dra-
Specialists
promote
toy safety
Associated Press
WASHINGTON — Wrap chil
dren’s gifts in love and safety, a
panel of government and industry
toy specialists urged holiday shop
pers Tuesday.
Consumers must be informed and
• use good judgment in buying toys to
help reduce injuries and deaths,
Chairman Terrence M. Scanlon of
the Consumer Product Safety Com
mission said at the agency’s annual
toy safety news conference.
Douglas Thomson, president of
the Toy Manufacturers of America,
stressed the importance of parents
reading age labels on toys and choos
ing items that are appropriate for
their child.
When contacted later at his office,
Commissioner Stuart M. Statler,
who skipped the meeting, con
tended that the nation’s toymakers
do not go far enough in their age-la
beling on toys.
“The basic message (of toy safety)
is fine,” he said.
But he said he would rather see
the agency’s effort go into finding
dangerous toys and getting them off
the market.
As to age-labeling, manufacturers
now only list the ages for which a
product is or is not recommended,
Statler noted.
He said labels should say why the
recommendation is made — such as
that a toy contains small parts a tod
dler might choke on, or sharp points
that could injure an eye.
“Consumers must make the ap
propriate toy selection at point of
purchase, must supervise children
while at play to ensure safe habits,
must assure proper storage of
unused toys, and must regularly ex
amine toys — repairing or discard
ing broken ones,” Scanlon said.
Scanlon warned of the hazards of
balloons and toy chests. Balloons, if
broken or deflated, can suffocate
small children, he said, urging adults
to remove balloons and pieces of
broken balloons after parties.
Toy chest lids can drop onto a
child looking for something in the
box, Scanlon said, citing some 30
deaths caused by this type of acci
dent over a decatie.
He urged buying toy chests with
spring supports for the lids, and
purchasing the supports separately
for chests already in use.
Dawson warned about crib toys,
which can strangle children who oe-
come entangled in them.
Scanlon noted that the commis
sion conducted 78 recalls of danger
ous children’s products last year, in
cluding 40 toys.
malic, such as spy swaps on bridges
in Germany, he said.
Martin, 48, a former FBI coun
terterrorism agent, has supervised
spy cases as a Justice lawyer for 12
years and has headed the internal se
curity section since 1980. He has
been at the center of the action dur
ing the dramatic turnaround in es
pionage during the last decade; he’s
in charge of catching and convicting
spies here.
Between 1966 and 1977, there
were no successful espionage pros
ecutions in the United States. But in
the past 10 years, 47 people have
been charged with espionage in this
country.
The most arrests, 14> x came in
1984, and there have been 10 so far
in 1985. Virtually all the decided
cases have resulted in convictions or
guilty pleas.
“Before 10 years ago, we didn’t
turn them, we didn’t trade them and
we didn’t try them," Martin said. “A
lot of guys were let go. Not many
cases were brought, and those were
lost or reversed on appeal.”
The first change came during the
Carter administration when Attor
ney General Griffin Bell decided to
start prosecuting spies.
The Carter team added legal
weapons. The current chief of Jus
tice’s criminal division. Assistant At
torney General Stephen Trott, cites
two laws: the Foreign Intelligence
Surveillance Act ana the Classified
Information Procedures Act.
The first law helped facilitate a le
gal doubling til wiretaps for intelli
gence-gathering, and allows such in
formation to he used in criminal
trials.
The second law allows judges to
decide in a closed hearing what se
crets a defendant really needs to dis
close to get a fair trial. This helps
stop defendants from "grayniailing"
the government into dropping pros
ecution for fear of additional disclo
sures.
Finally the Reagan administration
added money for bodies and equip
ment. Assistant FBI Director Jim
Gear, who heads the intelligence di
vision, said, "In the last three or four
years, we’ve seen alxiut a 25 percem
increase in the amount of resources
devoted to foreign counteiintelli
gence.’’
Neither C.1A sources norGearbe-
lieves there is any large increase in
trained intelligence officers spying
here under diplomatic cover.
But they do I relieve there have
lx*en more spies in the past five toll)
years due to businessmen and trade
delegations, since they have the free
dom to travel and attempt to smug
gle out or steal high technology
equipment.
GAO report faults staffing,
computers for IRS problems
Associated Press
WASHINGTON — At some
tax-processing centers, taxpayer
letters were destroyed, refund
checks were mutilated, some peo
ple put in 80-hour weeks, and tax
forms were left in restrooms and
on loading docks, the General Ac
counting Office reports.
In reports being distributed on
Capitol Hill this week, the GAO,
an investigating arm of Congress,
pointed to inadequate staffing
and a changeover to a new com
puter system as primary reasons
for what Sen. John Heinz, R-Pa.,
said Tuesday was “the worst tax
filing season in history.”
More than seven months after
the April 15 federal income tax
filing deadline, the Internal Rev
enue Service said Tuesday that
1.9 million tax returns remain
unprocessed because of taxpayer
or agency error.
Speaking to reporters in Phila
delphia, Heinz said the GAO re
port on problems at the Philadel
phia Service Center “confirms the
center was unprepared, poorly
staffed and incompetently man
aged.
“The picture drawn is of a
“The picture drawn (of
the IRS) is of a quirky, er
ror-prone, even hopeless
high-tech sweaf shop
where the choice . . . was
either to quit or try to do
an impossible job. ”
— Sen. John Heinz, R-Pa.
quirky, error-prone, even hope
less high-tech sweat shop where
the choice if you are an employee
was either to quit or try to do an
impossible job,” he said.
Spokesman Ernie Acosta said
the IRS is reviewing GAO’s find
ings.
“We worked closely with the
GAO during their investigation
so we are aware of the situations,”
he said. “In many cases, we have
already taken corrective action,"
he said.
Worker turnover and inexperi
ence were keys to problems in
Philadelphia and in IRS centers
in Fresno Calif, and Austin,
according to the reports.
In Austin, the agency hired
3,270 people from September
1984 to May 1985 but “most of
these employees had little experi
ence for the work they had to
do,” the GAO said, and the attri
tion rate for temporary workers
reached 80 percent.
In Philadelphia, a unit that cor
rects tax return errors lost 45 tax
examiners from mid-February
through April 1985 due to resig
nations, firings, reassignments or
voluntary furloughs, the GAO
said.
IRS Commissioner Roscoe L.
Egger J r. told a Senate panel last
week the government has paid
$47 million in interest this year
on tax returns not processed by
the agency within the required45
days after the filing deadline. For
the same period last year, the fig
ure was $27 million.
A major section of the GAO’s
report on the Philadelphia center
focused on nine alleged incidents
of “lost” lax documents from July
1980 to June 1985. It said seven
of these incidents were substan
tiated by the IRS, including:
Prelates propose sharing pope’s responsibilities
Associated Press
VATICAN CITY — U.S. and
Scandinavian prelates proposed at a
synod Tuesday that local bishops
and their national organizations
share with the pope responsibility
for running the Roman Catholic
Church.
Bishops from the Third World,
addressing issues of their own re
gion, called for increased church
support of clerics working for the
poor and oppressed.
The proposals came in speeches
on the second day of a two-week
synod assessing the reforms of the
Second Vatican Council, also known
as Vatican II.
Vatican II, held in four sessions
between 1962 and 1965, made re
forms in Catholic liturgy, ecume
nism, seminary education, religious
life and church government.
Pope John Paul II sal through all
21 speeches Tuesday, taking notes
and reading texts, said the Rev. Di-
armuid Martin, the synod spokes
man.
Bishop James W. Malone of
Youngstown, Ohio, president of the
U.S. Bishops Conference, said he be
lieves there are good grounds in the
Vatican II reforms to justify some
extension of collegiality to the direc
tion of bishops.
In church parlance, collegiality
refers to the collaborative
relationship between the pope and
bishops in Christian teaching ami in
governing the church.
The issue of shared responsibility
between the pope and bishops is
considered a major one before the
synod of 165 bishops from around
the world.
Bishop John W. Gran of Oslo,
Norway, representing the Scandina
vian Bishops Conference, went fur
ther. He asserted that the Vatican II
goals on collegiality hardly have
been realized according to expecta
tions.
“If anything, a tendency is felt to
ward the return to the idea of dioce
san bishops as representatives of
Rome rather than administrators in
their own right,” he said.
Gran said the Scandinavian bish
ops also have noted signs of a return
to centralization.
He said the pope and the Vatican
should allow local bishops to seek
their own identity without causing
damage to church unity.
He also called for a greater joci
say in the pope’s appointment of
bishops.
Before coming to Rome, Male®
repeatedly called for darificationsol
the Vatican II pronouncements <*•
collegiality.
On Monday, Archbishop Max®
Hermaniuk of Winnipeg, spiritui
leader of the Ukrainian Cathoffl|
Canada, called on the pope to grad
legislative powers to the synod as!
concrete gesture of power-shariif
with bishops.
But Vatican spokesman Joaquit
Navarro said the proposal waS n*
likely to be given serious atterp
because a legislative body already^
ists in ecumenical councils such*
Vatican II.
Russell Shaw, spokesman for il*
U.S. Bishops Conference, said bis!
ops in the United States saw nonied
in Hermaniuk’s proposal.
The synod has only advisory po*'
ers.
The synod meetings are dosed 11
the public. Excerpts of the speech
are made available by spoReslnt 1
and in news releases issued by p
Vatican.
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