Monday, April 8,1985/The Battalion/Page 3
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U.S., Soviet relations discussed
By ANN CERVENKA
Staff Writer
| The long-term task for the United
’States is to maintain freedom
being in Yugoslt | around the world for nations that
tell her 4 wish to protect it, Dr. James Schle-
“I wifi 1 singer, former secretary of defense,
said at Thursday’s Wiley Lecture Se
ries.
However, Schlesinger said the So
viet task is “to disrupt the connec
tions that hold together the free
world.”
Schlesinger spoke as part of the
Wiley Lecture Series program, “U-
nited States-Soviet relations: A
Quest for International Security.”
The program featured three top
Sovietohgists: Ambassador Arkady
Shevchenko, Dr. Zbigniew
Brzezinski and Schlesinger, former
secretary of energy and a former di
rector of the CIA, to discuss the
relationship between the two super-
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The discussion began with a topic
Schlesinger said is the most impor
tant long-term issue concerning
U.S.-Soviet relations: “Is the United
States up to the task?”
Schlesinger said that in order for
the Unitea States to maintain free
dom around the world, it must not
be deceived by the illusion that it can
restore its position of military supe
riority or of invulnerability, Schle
singer said.
“There is no way we can restore
American invulnerability,” he said.
Therefore, the United States must
achieve its goals through diplomatic
^^^^and economic instruments, while at
y reform plansts | the same time maintaining military
Another waste ! power, he said.
Brzezinski’s introduction focused
on four immediate aspects of the
Edwin Newman (I) led the discussion which
featured (from 1, after Newman) Dr. James
Photo by PETER ROCHA
Schlesinger, Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski and
Ambassador Arkady Shevchenko.
ilong with us pr> on tour immeaiate asp
,• 0 , r U.S.-Soviet relationship.
Brzezinski, who served as assistant
J for national security affairs for for
mer President Jimmy Carter and is
former director of the Trilateral
Commission, said he believes that
President Ronald Reagan has con
tributed greatly to the Soviet deci
sion to return to the negotiating ta
ble on the subject of arms control.
However, he also said that Reagan
overemphasized his desire for a
frustrated (ini : summit meeting with Soviet Presi
dent Mikhail Gorbachev.
Because Gorbachev is in the proc
ess of establishing credentials as a
new leader, he should be the one to
call the summit, which would en
hance his power and serve his politi
cal interests, Brzezinski said.
In addition, he noted the impor
tance of the current arms control ne
gotiations between the superpowers.
“The most we can expect at this
stage are some limited agreements
but not broadly gaged comprehen
sive agreements,” he said.
Finally, Brzezinski said the chance
for any comprehensive agreement is
narrowed if geopolitical differences
between the two countries continue.
Shevchenko said President Rea
gan’s offer to meet with Gorbachev
is “a good gesture.”
“I think that the United States has
to resume a dialogue with the Soviet
Union,” he said.
Shevchenko is a former Soviet
ambassador who, in 1978, became
the highest ranking official and the
richest citizen of the Soviet Union
ever to defect to the West.
Because of strong domestic pres
sures to favor the Soviet economy,
Shevchenko said Gorbachev will
probably make more negotiations
than most people expect.
After the introductions, Newman
asked the men questions which were
taken from the audience as they
came in the auditorium.
Despite criticism of President Rea
gan for his “harsh” policies, Schle
singer said Reagan is supported by
foreign leaders.
“Foreign leaders were almost
unanimously desiring the re-election
of this president because he has
changed the spirit of the United
States,” he said.
The panel discussed the purpose
of the MX missile as a bargaining
chip.
Brzezinski noted that the purpose
of arms control negotiations is to sta
bilize the U.S.-Soviet relationship.
“It isn’t a question of continued
bargaining chips,” he said. “We have
to have something to offer as deter
rence.”
2 A&M engineers
see manure piles
as new Texas gold
By BRIAN PEARSON
Reporter
The mountains of manure
around cattle feedlots west of the
Mississippi River could provide a
useful energy resource in the fu
ture, say two Texas A&M engi
neers.
Dr. John Sweeten, a professor
of agricultural engineering, and
Dr. K. Annamalai, a professor of
mechanical engineering, are
studying the conversion of ma
nure into fuel.
“I feel that you can extract en
ergy from manure with present
technology,” Annamalai said.
Annamalai said manure fuel,
which burns similar to Texas lig
nite, could supply six times more
energy than a feedlot needs and
also could provide a way of dis
posing the accumulated wastes.
“To me, based on experience,
it is a better fuel compared to
coal,” Annamalai said.
Large feedlots, with about
50,000 head of cattle and a vir
tually endless supply of manure,
would be the ideal locations for
the manured-fueled power
plants. So, instead of paying as
much as $250,000 a year to have
the manure removed, the feedlot
owners can build a manure-burn
ing power plant and can make a
profit from selling excess electric
ity, he said.
“If the feedlot owners use the
manure for energy needs, the
E roflts for the feedlots will doub-
Annamalai said.
Even though manure has been
around for a long time, Annama
lai said people just started to take
an interest in using manure for
fuel during the energy crisis of
the 1970s.
Annamalai and Sweeten have
been studying the subject simulta
neously with Valley View Energy
Corp. of Dallas. With the re
search provided by Annamalai
and Sweeten, the corporation is
working on a full-scale, $80 mil
lion power plant in Hereford.
Annamalai said the Hereford
power plant, along with an identi
cal one built 100 miles north of
Hereford, will supply 100,000
households in Austin with electri
city.
The process involves the direct
combustion of manure in a spe
cialized boiler. The dried manure
will be used in a fluidized bed
combustion system to heat water
which runs a turbine producing
electricity, Annamalai said.
Unlike coal, which is 30 per
cent to 40 percent gaseous, the
more combustible manure is
about 80 percent gaseous, Anna
malai said.
The manure must be burned at
a lower temperature than coal,
about 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit,
to prevent slagging. Slagging is a
process in which the fuel turns
into rocks within the system.
Annamalai said the sulfur pro
duced can be controlled by add
ing limestone to the system and
by installing the required emis
sion equipment.
The waste product manufac
tured by the power plant can act
as a fertilizer, he said.
Although he is uncertain of the
future of manure-fueled power
plants, Sweeten said the concept
is interesting and has merit.
“We’re not out to create a sen
sation, we’re just getting the
facts,” Sweeten said.
Manure fuel would not become
a major source of energy.
Sweeten said, but it would help
stretch the supply of oil, gas and
coal.
“Our long term energy goal is
not going to rest on cow manure,”
he said.
ilion
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