Thursday, February 14, 1985/The Battalion/Page 15
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Archaeologist explores
Susquehanna Indians
Associated Press
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LANCASTER, Pa. — When
“ Barry Kent was growing up in the
York area, he was interested in the
Indians who lived there, and he col
lected Indian artifacts along the Sus
quehanna River.
Today, he holds a doctorate and is
'*/• I an archaeologist working out of the
William Penn Memorial Museum in
Harrisburg.
1 And he has seen another of his
I boyhood dreams come true: the
is. I dream of studying Indians who lived
g^^Hlong the shores of the Susquehanna
in York and Lancaster counties.
1 That boyhood dream came true in
a big way. Kent was part of an ar
chaeological excavation in Washing
ton Boro, which turned out to be the
largest Indian settlement uncovered
in tne eastern L^nited States.
His participation has helped ar-
: Ihaeologists and historians to under-
(; stand the Susquehannocks. From the
raindings, they have seen how the
■usquehannocks moved several
• times and then relocated across the
river in York County, where it ap-
A pears they became extinct,
a \ Kent’s excavation took place from
*j?|968 to 1975, followed by a long pe
lf 1 ; riod of analysis and report writing.
The final volume, titled “Susquehan
na’s Indians,’’describes what was
found and how it was dated. The
book is available at the museum.
’ State archaeologists had been
studying the Susquehannocks for
more than 60 years, Kent noted, but
saw back in the late 60s an opportu-
“There are no known de
monstrable direct descen
dants from the Susque
hannocks today. Some
claim to be f but there is no
way they could trace their
relationship because the
last identifiable Susque
hannocks were killed in
1763. ” — Barrry Kent, ar
cheologist • • Pj|jj
nity to take one more look at them
and do massive exposures of their
village sites.
At Washington Boro, it appeared
they would have to jump in then be
cause there was an indication that
many of the sites would be de
stroyed.
The Indians knew that the area of
Washington Boro was a special
place. It has a longer growing season
than the adjoining areas because of
the special geology there. It’s a real
fertile area, and that’s why they con
centrated many of their settlements
there.
What Kent found in that dig, as
well as in other parts of the Susque-
hannock Project, was that the Indi
ans stayed in one village for only 25
years and then moved on.
“The demise of the Susquehan
nocks was due to the Iroquois Indi
ans (from the north and New York),
either from several battles or
through just political negotiations,”
he said. “There was a lot of dispute
among the Indian groups over the
fur trade.
“There are no known demonstra
ble direct descendants from the Sus-
S uehannocks today. Some people
aim to be, but there is no way they
could trace their relationship be
cause the last identifiable Susque
hannocks were killed in 1763 — and
we’re not sure even at that point if
they were still Susquehannocks.
Some were Iroquois and Seneca liv
ing here.”
Kent and his team found the Indi
ans settled in three towns around
Washington Boro, each occupied for
about 25 years.
The first town was occupied about
1575 until 1600. The next, about a
mile and a half south, was occupied
from 1600 to about 1625. The third
was from 1625 until about 1665, af
ter which they moved to two sites
around Long Level in York County
and were apparently defeated by
Iroquois.
The average 25-year lifespan for a
village was brought about basically
because the Indians exhausted the
wood supply and the fertility of the
soils for food. The villages pretty
well became decayed, too, after 25
years. All three reasons made it nec
essary for the Indians to move on
and rebuild, even if only a short dis
tance by today’s standards.
Associated Press
OVERTON — The scientists and
researchers at the Overton station of
Texas A&M University’s agricultural
experiment program have produced
a special strain of wheat for use in
East Texas, and decided to name the
line “Bradford Wheat.”
Bradford Wheat is resistant to a
common disease in East Texas —
Septoria, or “leaf blotch disease.”
The Daisy Mae Bradford name
signifies a pioneering spirit to many
Rusk County residents. The county’s
first producing oil well was known as
the Daisy Mae Bradford, and now
the name has lent itself to another
East Texas innovation.
“We were looking for a suitable
name,” said Dr. Lloyd Nelson, a
plant breeder at Overton, “and the
well is located about three or four
miles from here, so we came up with
what we think is an appropriate
name.”
Scientists in Overton began work
ing on the wheat in 1972, Nelson
said. Bradford Wheat was finally
made available in 1984 after several
generations of the wheat produced
the desired results.
The soft red winter wheat is a
“good forage wheat,” Nelson said,
and its flour can also be used for
crackers, cookies and biscuits.
Nelsons said Bradford Wheat is
currently in use in about 800 acres in
the state. He also said the wheat can
compete with the best types available
in the state. The most popular wheat
now in use is being attacked by leaf-
rust, Nelson said, adding he hopes
Bradford’s leafrust resistance will
“hold up for a few years.”
Plant breeders develop each line
of wheat, Nelson said, with an idea
of which types of resistance, as well
as other characteristics, would be de
sired.
The process of providing wheat
with desired properties, such as dis
ease and insect resistance, is a
“never-ending circle,” Nelson said.
“Any disease is very adaptable,”
Nelson said. “There are a lot of dis
eases, and it takes a lot of time to de
velop wheat with good disease resis
tance.
“East Texas is very humid, and a
humid climate can mean a lot of dis
eases.
“You never reach perfection. You
can develop wheat with resistance to
three or four diseases, a couple of in
sects, make it a short plant, with high
yield, or whatever you want.
“But there’s a saying that ‘you
can’t get all the raccoons up the same
tree.’ If you give wheat nine protec
tions, the tenth may be the one that
knocks it out.”
Ford’s 1984 earnings
set company record
Associated Press
DETROIT — Ford Motor Co. on
Wednesday reported a fourth-quar
ter profit of $721 million, pushing
1984 earnings to a company record
$2.9 billion.
That will help put the 1984 profits
of Detroit’s Big Three carmakers to
nearly $10 billion for last year.
General Motors Corp. last week
reported a reeoref year-end profit of
$4.5 billion. Chrysler Corp. is ex
pected to report a record profit of
about $2.4 billion when it releases its
figures Thursday.
Ford’s fourth-quarter profit was
down 8 percent from last year’s $781
million. The No. 2 automaker attrib
uted that to a bigger tax bill, reflect
ing the general expiration of tax
credits earned by the industry dur
ing the four-year sales slump that
ended in 1983.
The previous record year for
Ford was 1983, when it turned a
$1.87 billion profit. The records be
ing broken by CM and Chrysler also
were set that year.
Curtain
on play
Associated Press
RICHARDSON — Parents’
fears that a play by Lillian Hei
lman would encourage more
teen-age suicides has prompted
the Berkner High School princi
pal to ban a production of the
drama.
Principal Ron Parks believes
Heilman’s 1934 play, “The Chil
dren’s Hour,” which deals with a
teacher’s suicide, could be misin
terpreted by students.
“The play deals with human
relationships,” he says, “but ob
viously there are always people
who will not see that association.
Personally, I feel a tremendous
responsibility for the welfare of
the students, and one cannot take
a risk that would jeopardize that
welfare.”
In the last two years, four Rich
ardson students and eight stu
dents from nearby Plano have
taken their own lives, school offi
cials said. Last month, an Arling
ton student killed himself in his
high school drama class, and in
November, a 33-year-old English
teacher at Berkner committed
suicide.
“In view of what has happened
this (school) year, this smacks of
psycho-drama,” says Sharon
Parry, whose daughter Stacy is in
the drama class.”
As a compromise, the 15 stu
dents will be allowed to perform
the play at University Interscho
lastic League drama competition.
Shelley Davies, 17, the play’s
student director, says the play,
best known as a 1962 movie star
ring Audrey Hepburn, Shirley
MacLaine and James Garner, was
chosen because it would help the
cast in the competition. She says
the controversy over the suicide
scene has been blown out of pro
portion.
She says she has received seve
ral anonymous phone calls asking
her not to do the play, one accus
ing her of exploiting suicide.
“It’s so silly,” says understudy
Rita Trujillo^ 18. “When are they
going to accept this? A lot of us
nave dealt with suicide or even
thought about it.”
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