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3rd world nations need
help through research
By SUSAN MCDONALD
Reporter
Helping the people of third world
nations help themselves through re
search is the key to solving water and
food shortages, an official from the
Agency for International Devel
opment said to a crowd of about 250
in Rudder Theater Friday.
“Merely sending food to poor na
tions is not enough,” said Nyle C.
Brady to a crowd of about 250 in
Rudcler Theater on Friday.
Brady, senior assistant adminis
trator for science and technology
with the Agency for International
Aid, said the United States cannot
meet world food needs. And many
ountries cannot buy the food pro
duced by the United States.
“We must help them help them
selves,” Brady said.
This can be accomplished with a
three-part system, Brady said.
First is the “ribbon system.” The
ibbon symbolizes the problems that
nost nations have in common,
rady said.
Second, support can be given to
ountries who need immediate help,
nd third, universities can train in
dividuals to do research, he said.
“We can train the Africans to do
esearch themselves through univer
ities,” Brady said. “These countries
are better able to build their own wa
ter storage facilities. They need help
with little things — not big things
such as dams.”
Research into areas such as crop
breeding, irrigation and water man
agement is essential to helping these
nations, he said. However, what may
work in one country may not work in
another.
“We cannot assume that you can
transfer technology from one coun
try to another, but you can transfer
the techniques used to develop
them,” Brady said.
Development in the private sector
is also important. Responsibility for
development should be taken away
from the government and put into
the hands of the people, Brady saici.
Because of a low mortality rate
and high birth rate, food and water
are scarce in underdeveloped na
tions.
“Food production is our number
one concern,” Brady said. “And
there is no other single factor that is
more critical for the production of
food than water. It is essential to ag
riculture. You can’t have one with
out the other.”
Third world people are unedu
cated about water management,
which is the central cause for the
present water crisis.
Effective management could re
duce water salinity and soil erosion,
Brady said.
Because many of these people are
nomadic, it is difficult for them to
put time and money into soil and wa
ter conservation.
“Group education is the key here,
if the situation is to be changed,”
Brady said.”
Two-thirds of the population of
underdeveloped nations do not have
access to a safe water supply, he said.
This is a serious health hazard in
third world nations.
“More than Five million children
die each year from dehydration as
sociated with diarrhea from bad wa
ter,” Brady said.
“We must strive to improve their
exisiting water systems instead of
making new ones.”
This can be accomplished by
building teaching and research fa
cilities, branches of U.S. universities,
in the third world nations, he said.
Africa, South America and India
already have agricultural universi
ties.
Universities in the United States
are already helping, Brady said. Fac
ulty from universities spend about
three years in an underdeveloped
nation. When they return, they
share their experiences with the stu-
Florida freeze could
benefit Texas growers
Nyle C. Brady
dents and university staff .
“This is most helpful to both uni
versities and to AID (the Agency for
International Development) offi
ces,” Brady said.
Texas A&M has made substantial
achievements in research on pea
nuts, tropical soil and soil reme-
nants.
The AID has “moderately in
creased its support for research,”
Brady said.
In 1983, $158 million was alloted
for research. In 1984, $227 million
was given to research and $336 mil
lion is planned for 1985.
“We must help these people de
velop their own technology for food
production, ecology and energy
uses,” Brady said. “This will provide
greater benefits — more and better
food and better use of cleaner wa
ter.”
Associated Press
McALLEN — A disastrous freeze
that devastated Florida citrus crops
could be a long-awaited blessing to
Texas citrus farmers, who are still
trying to overcome a killing freeze
last winter, industry officials say.
Florida’s freeze — described as
the worst in a century — should be a
“big shot in the arm” for Texas, said
Ray Prewett, a spokesman for Texas
Citrus Mutual, a growers’ associa
tion.
A killer freeze that moved
through the Rio Grande Valley dur
ing Christmas week 1983 decimated
last year’s crop, destroyed half of the
fruit-bearing trees and severely
damaged the rest, Les Whitlock,
manager of the Texas Valley Citrus
Committee, told The Dallas Morn
ing News.
Whitlock said the freeze left be
hind 35,000 acres of trees incapable
of producing fruit this year and
thousands of acres of saplings that
will take at least Five years to become
commercially productive.
A large number of Texas growers
did not bother replanting the dead
trees this year and industry officials
hope the Florida disaster will con
vince the holdouts to give the Valley
another chance, Whitlock said.
“The outlook (in Texas) is terrifi
cally strong for a long time,” said
Gilbert Ellis of Valley Productions
Care Inc.
But other Texas growers are pes
simistic.
Florida has suffered four damag
ing freezes in the last Five years and
has seen its crop reduced by as much
as 40 percent, but Texas has never
benefited substantially, some grow
ers say.
“The cost of getting into this game
is so high, and it takes so long to real
ize returns,” said Harlan Bentzinger,
manager of Lake Delta Citrus Asso
ciation in Weslaco.
Bentzinger and others also say
Florida, with more than 800,000
acres of citrus cultivation, has never
considered Texas, which had just
69,000 acres at its pre-freeze peak,
as competition.
“Always before, when Florida hticl
some problems, people get their
hopes up, and it seems many times it
didn’t amount to anything as far as
we’re concerned because our pro
duction is such a small percentage of
United States production,” said Ross
Smiley of Smiley Grove Care Inc. of
Mission.
Florida, the nation’s top citrus-
producing state, turned out 140 mil
lion boxes of oranges and 40 million
boxes of grapefruit in 1982-83.
Texas, third in overall citrus produc
tion, produced six million boxes of
oranges and 12 million boxes of
grapefruit, according to Texas Val
ley Citrus Committee Figures.
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Photo by ANTHONYS. CASPER
Texas A&M archaeologist George Bass
A&M researcher discovers shipwreck
By PATRICE KORANEK
Staff Writer
Last December, Texas A&M
archaeologist George Bass an
nounced finding a shipwreck off
the coast of Turkey. The find is
the most extensive underwater
collection of Bronze Age relics,
which is what Bass had hoped for.
At the time he didn’t realize
the extent of publicity it would be
given.
“Everybody likes recognition
for what they do, but it’s getting
to the point where you wonder
how much more will help,” Bass
said. “The recognition that the
University has received from the
National Geographic press con
ference has been something else,
it even made papers in mainland
China. The publicity has been
staggering. It's nice to know that
people care about our work.”
Bass is both an alumni profes
sor and distinguished professor
at A&M and is a prominent fig
ure in the Institute of Nautical
Archaeology, a non-profit re
search center based at A&M. INA
is the world’s leading training
program for nautical archaeolog
ists. Bass, often called the “father
of nautical archaeology,” began
his career by accident.
He was doing graduate work at
the University of Pennsylvania
when he was asked to work as an
archaeologist in an excavation off
of Turkey.
“I thought it would be a sum
mer thing, and it has turned into
a career,” Bass said. Bass’s pre
sent excavation is in the same
area of his first experience with
the underwater site in 1960.
“We like to think of nautical ar
chaeology as regular archaeo
logy,” Bass said, “but with certain
sites we have to dive, so except for
that special circumstance it is like
the regular thing,” Bass said.
Texas A&M is home for Bass
and the INA for two reasons. The
sea grant college at A&M is one
reason. Secondly, the sea doesn’t
play a big role in the field.
Contrary to what many people
believe, Bass said, nautical ar
chaeologists don’t spend all of
their time underwater. Instead,
much time is spent sorting out the
items that are brought up, study
ing them and classifying them.
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