The Battalion. (College Station, Tex.) 1893-current, January 17, 1985, Image 15

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    Thursday, January
SHOE
17,1985/The Battalion/Page 15
by Jeff MacNelly
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RedgarYs landslide sweet
Popularity could sour
Associated Press
WASHINGTON — Based on his
49-state landslide, President Reagan
will begin his second term with the
kind of electoral mandate politicians
dream of, but that presidents often
find turns into a nightmare.
From George Washington to
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Richard
M. Nixon, American history offers
plenty of examples of presidents
who entered their second terms af
ter landslide victories, then quickly
saw those mandates turn sour.
The causes vary. In some cases,
there were circumstances far beyond
the president’s control; in others, the
incumbent was a victim of his own
misjudgment.
While there are no early signals of
trouble, it is easy to spot areas that
could cause problems for Reagan’s
second term.
What if the pessimists the Presi
dent denounced during his re-elec
tion campaign turn out to be right
and the record budget deficits un
dermine the economic recovery? If
interest rates and unemployment
start moving up, public approval of
Reagan policies is likely to head in
the other direction.
The recent agreement to resume
arms negotiations with the Soviet
Union enabled Reagan to begin his
second term on a highly positive
note in foreign policy.
For good reason, Reagan took a
cautious approach at his news con
ference last week. “These new nego
tiations will be difficult,” said the
President. While the superpowers
are heading back to the bargaining
table, the issues that stalemated
them during Reagan’s first term
haven’t gone away and some new
ones, such as missile defense sys
tems, have appeared.
For Reagan, Latin America might
be the region of greatest danger as
he tries to pursue his policy toward
El Salvador and Nicaragua.
The President can take some com
fort if events turn against him by
reading about the problems encoun
tered by his predecessors.
One month after Washington be
gan his second term, the aftermath
of the French Revolution sharply di
vided the young nation between par
tisans of England and France.
By the time he left office in 1797,
the president who twice received all
the votes cast in the electoral college
had grown bitter toward opposition
politicians and newspapers that at
tacked him with a vehemence un
known today.
When Reagan received 525 elec
toral votes, he broke the record set
in 1936 by Roosevelt, who carried
every state but Vermont and Maine
to win a second term.
Historians now speculate whether
Roosevelt misjudged the strength of
his mandate when, frustrated by Su
preme Court decisions declaring
some of his programs unconstitu
tional, he proposed enlarging the
court in order to shift the balance
away from its conservative majority.
What became known as his plan to
“pack” the court failed when it drew
strong public opposition.
When he stands in front of the
Capitol on Monday, Reagan will no
doubt claim his mandate, but the
real test he faces is whether he can
end his term as popular as he begins
it.
Urban League states economic
recovery not enjoyed by blacks
Associated Press
WASHINGTON — The National
Urban League said Wednesday that
racial polarization is increasing as
blacks are left out of the economic
recovery, but that there is cause for
black America to be more optimistic.
Releasing the league’s annual re-
ort on blacks in this country, which
as been in past years sharply critical
of the Reagan administration, presi
dent John E. Jacob said the status of
blacks remains “grim.”
“The strongest message coming
out of Black America in 1984 was
that it became increasingly aware of
its own strengths and increasingly
willing to act independently to
achieve what it considers its own best
interests,” Jacob said in an overview
of the report, “The State of Black
America, 1985.”
“This does not signal any less
ening of the responsibility of gov
ernment or the private sector ...,” he
said. “But it does signal that Black
America is not standing still waiting
for others to come to its rescue.”
At a news conference to release
the national civil rights organiza
tion’s 10th annual report, Jacob de
scribed “a new spirit of concern
within the black community.” He
pointed to efforts by national and lo
cal black groups to deal with prob
lems of teenage pregnancy, single
parent families, education, crime
and poverty.
He also described as “hopeful”
signs the recent pastoral letter of Ro
man Catholic bishops calling for in
creased social justice; protests
against South Africa’s apartheid sys
tem; the presidential campaign of
the Rev. Jesse Jackson; and election
of a black congressman, Rep. Wil
liam Gray, D-Pa., to head the House
Budget Committee.
Jacob said the new emphasis of
the Urban League does not mean it
is backing off calls for more federal
programs to help blacks, and he said
the Reagan administration has pre
sided over unfair social service cut
backs and a “retrogression in the
civil rights arena.”
President Reagan’s “record is de
plorable and includes continuing at
tacks against affirmative action, the
unwarranted entry of the Justice De
partment into civil rights cases in an
effort to turn back the clock,” Jacob
said in an overview chapter of the re
port.
He cited the administration’s ef
forts to grant tax exemptions to
schools that discriminate; efforts to
turn the Commission on Civil Rights
into a “rubber stamp for administra
tion policy”; and “foot dragging” on
extending the Voting Rights Act.
Reagan has denied that his ad
ministration has had a negative im
pact on blacks and the poor.
The report contained essays on
various elements of black life, in
cluding:
•Blacks in the media. It said
blacks are “under-represented and
misrepresented” in the press.
•Black families. The percentage
of black families headea by single
women has risen from 22 percent in
1960 to nearly 42 percent in 1983.
One of every four black babies born
in 1982 was born to a woman 19 or
younger, and nearly 90 percent of
these young mothers were unmar
ried.
•Jackson’s campaign. While the
civil rights leader’s bid for the Dem
ocratic presidential nomination was
seen as positive for blacks, “too many
whites turned out and voted for Rea-
an to make whatever blacks did
ave any impact.”
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