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Page 10/The BattalionThursday, July 12, 1984
Oil fields open
SHOE
to earthquakes
United Press International
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AUSTIN — University of Texas
scientists believe they have put to
gether the first documentation that
active oil and gas fields may be sus
ceptible to minor earthquakes.
Dr. Wayne Pennington of UT’s
Institute for Geophysics and Depart
ment of Geological Sciences said re
cent earthquakes in South Texas
probably were caused by activity re
lated to oil and gas production.
The UT team focused on oil and
gas fields near the towns of Fashing
and Pleasanton in Atascosa County,
where earthquakes within the past
year reached magnitudes of 3.2 and
3.9 on the Richter scale.
Pennington says the oil and gas
fields appear to have undergone
large-scale depressurization because
of the fluid being withdrawn.
So far, the earthquakes have
caused no appreciable damage and
can be expected to pose only minor
hazards to the communities in
volved, he said.
“The earthquakes all appear to
originate on known faults where
those faults form boundaries of an
oil or gas field,” said Pennington.
The two major oil and gas fields
that are seismically active were dis
covered in the late 1940s and 1950s.
Geologists have confirmed evi
dence of some earthquakes near
Pleasanton in the late 1960s, and an
earthquake was felt near Fashing in
1973.
Pennington said production of oil
and gas causes the lowering of fluid
pressure in the reservoir rock. This,
in turn, affects the strength of the
rock.
In some places, such as Houston,
removal of water causes compaction
of the rock and a lowering of the
land occurs, sometimes accompa
nied by small earthquakes.
Because the fields of South Texas
are made of limestone, Pennington
said there is little lowering of the
land.
“What we think is happening is
that the faults that are present have
been moving naturally but without
earthquakes until fluid pressure
along them was decreased to a point
where the faults would stick and slip
in jerky motions, producing earth
quakes,” said Pennington.
For this to take place, he said, an
odd arrangement of faults, gas or oil
fields and state of stress must all ex-
Reagan orders automakei
to install air bags by 1989
ist.
“There may be other fields in
South Texas or elsewhere that have
the potential to become seismically
active,” said Pennington. “Certainly,
most fields do not meet these crite-
United Press International
Pennington said it is difficult to
estimate whether all the energy
available to produce earthquakes has
been depleted.
“There are reasons to expect that
the earthquakes could never get very
much larger than they have already
been,” he said.
WASHINGTON — The Reagan
administration Wednesday ordered
automakers to install air bags or
other automatic passenger protec
tions in cars by 1989 but promised to
lift the regulation if states pass man
datory seat belt laws.
The announcement by Transpor
tation Secretary Elizabeth Dole
marked the latest twist in a 14-year
struggle between a divided auto in
dustry, consumer groups and what
has been an indecisive government.
belt usage laws within five years.
New York is the only state to have
passed a mandatory seal belt law,
which is awaiting the signature of
Gov. Mario Cuomo.
“It would certainly be challeu
in court; which of course doe
bother the Reaganites at all
their purpose is to keep delaying
installation of air hags in can,'
Nader.
Air bags are designed to inflate
automatically in car crashes and pro
tect occupants.
During the last 11 years, about 15
earthquakes have been recorded in
the Pleasanton-Fashing area. The
most recent activity occurred at a
depth of 1.5 miles to 2.5 miles, the
same depth of oil fields.
Her decision drew immediate crit
icism — and praise.
Ralph Nader, whose Center for
Auto Safety has been among the
leading consumer groups pushing
for air bags, said: “This rule is an il
lusion. It is tricky. It looks good, but
when you study it you see what it
really is.”
Sen. John Danforth, R-Mo.,
man of the Senate subcomn
that handles highway safety
lation and a longtime advocated
bags, praised the decision, sayujP*
expected a whimper. ThisisabaB| ;
An earthquake near Fashing on
July 23, 1983, occurred at a depth of
about 2.5 miles, while the earth
quake near Pleasanton last March 2
occurred at about 1.5 miles.
“I am requiring automatic occu
pant protection in all cars based on a
phased-in schedule,” said Dole.
“The plan I am announcing today
will save as many lives as possible as
soon as possible.”
Nader said, “The decision is not
only too little too late, but has the
seeds of its own destruction built
into it.”
But Dole said the only way the
mandate would be lifted is if stales
representing two-thirds of the U.S.
population enact mandatory seat
He said the decision could be un
lawful because the federal govern
ment cannot condition a federal au
tomobile safety standard on slate
government actions.
The American Automobile*
ciation praised the decision, a* IJn
“it gives both auto manufactifl
and the public a choice of let* BOLL
ogy and a reasonable ainountolipfleni
to decide how besi to reduce mijusb lo 1
dless highway fatalities. Hnental
20,000 oi
Dole had been involved inc jjpgradii
with the White House over the
ministration’s position in respors y ^ ^
a Supreme Court ruling that v« L
the administration’s repeal of ai f 1 a '
hag rule favored by Jimmy Cart#
cLtev - -'
the remedy W
Xvive Music
- Good Food
846-1812 4410
College Main
Thurs. - July 12
Stephen Cicchetti
Fri. - July 13
Eh*. Rocket & The Sisters
Sat. - July 14
Eh*. Rocket & The Sisters
Mon. - July 16
Dart Tourney
Tues. - July 17
The Scrooes & Kary
Wed. - July 18
Secret Six
Reagan pushes for ‘moment of silence’
United Press International
WASHINGTON — The Reagan
administration, pushing one the
president’s favorite campaign issues,
urged the Supreme Court Wednes
day to approve a “moment of si
lence” for quiet prayer or meditation
in public classrooms.
Justice Department officials ar
gued that the nation’s high court
should approve “one minute of si
lence” each day for public school stu
dents whether they use the time to
pray or to “think about yesterday’s
football game or tonight’s date.”
The Supreme Court during their
1984-85 session, which begins in Oc
tober, plans to review the constitu
tionality of Alabama’s law allowing a
daily moment of silence in schools. A
ruling, which is expected in 1985,
will affect 23 states which have laws
similar to Alabama’s.
President Reagan has campaigned
vigorously for a return to prayer in
schools. And, school prayer advo
cates have been lobbying in Con
gress to make prayer part of the
school day.
In 1962, the Supreme Court
banned public school teachers from
leading students in classroom
prayer.
In legal papers filed Wednesday,
the Justice Department said a mo
ment of silence is “a legitimate way
for the government to provide an
opportunity for both religious and
nonreligious introspection in a set
ting where, experience has shown,
many desire it.”
U.S. Solicitor General Rex Lee,
who advocates the government’s
views before the Supreme Court,
said a silent moment is “an instrum-
ment of toleration and pluralism,
not of coercion or indoctrination.” It
allows the student who “might well
be the brunt of jokes and intii
tion" to be free to pray.
Asmh iali
Hersed ih
ing for ti
ipffice.
“Like '
Ihem, wc
the crov
land,” he
“If all are silent, then all area
to pray or meditate as they dra
without having to appear 'dill)
ent,”’ Lee said.
The silenl moment simplyall
pupil a chance to meditate or
but no one can know who
how he does it.
pranl
|weavii
land s
Police Beat
tg
reported to the University Police
Department through Wednesday,
ASSAULT:
• A student reported that
while she was walking between
the A.P. Beutel Health Center
and Legget Hall, an oriental man
rode up behind her on a bicycle
and grabbed her.
MISDEMANOR THEFT:
• A maroon Murray ten-speed
bicycle was stolen from the patio
of # 1079 Ball Street Apartments.
Newsaper won’t prosecute Jacksons’ guard
[huge fo
jagara.”
United Press International
DALLAS — Officials of The Dal
las Morning News Wednesday said
they will not press theft charges,
having made their point by lodging a
complaint against a security guard
who confronted a reporter at Mi
chael Jackson’s hotel and took away
her notes.
about 8V2 hours after Tuesday
morning’s incident.
“Having gotten our backs up and
having made the point — which is
that we didn’t like it very much — we
have decided we will not pursue the
charges,” said Burl Osborne, vice
president-editor of the newspaper.
The notes — which detailed inter
views with guests and employees of
the Loews Anatole hotel — were re
turned to reporter Donna O’Neal
“Our property was stolen. It was
very clear from the manager of the
Jacksons that they think they didn’t
do anything wrong. We do,” Os
borne said.
“The point is that the laws against
theft and other constitutional guar
antees were not suspended for the
Jacksons,” he said.
The newspaper filed the theft
complaint against Ray Grady, a 6-
foot, 200-pound, security man em
ployed by the Jacksons.
Michael Jackson and his brothers,
who began their tour last week, have
concerts scheduled in Dallas on Fri
day, Saturday and Sunday nights.
viewed several maids on the I
where the Jacksons are staying.
“A person asked to see my 1
book,” O’Neal said. “He didn'tii
tify himself ... and I didn’t ho*|
was with Jackson security.
“I felt they had been cooper:
and I was going to be coop
with them. I tilted the noteb
where he could see it and he tool|
Then he began ripping pages (
O’Neal, 24, said she had inter-
O’Neal said the notes were*
turned several hours later.
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