Monday, October 10, 1983/The Battalion/Page
*
Soviets stay tough;
deployment nearing
United Press International
NETHERLANDS — Western
officials predict scant prospects
for success at the Geneva talks
on intermediate nuclear forces
and believe the talks will collapse
as a result of U.S. deployment of
missiles in Europe at the end of
the year.
Diplomatic sources said the
Soviet position at Geneva
appears to have hardened. They
said Moscow now expects the de
ployment of cruise and Per-
shing-2 missiles to go ahead, and
the Soviets are likely to walk out
of the talks in protest.
A senior British official said
the reactions of Soviet leader
Yuri Andropov to Western
proposals at the talks were
“amazingly superficial,” and
that the Soviet negotiating posi
tion consisted almost entirely of
“rhetorical ploys” to retard de
ployment.
Paul Nitze, the chief U.S.
negotiator at Geneva, told
NATO legislators at the North
Atlantic Assembly in the Hague
last week that there had been vir
tually no movement on the
Soviet side since the talks began
22 months ago.
Nitze agreed that the three
modifications to the basic Soviet
position put forward by Andro
pov looked “potentially signifi
cant.” These were to balance
Soviet SS-20 intermediate-range
missiles against the British and
Freyich nuclear arsenals, to
count warheads instead of laun
chers as the United States
wanted, and to “liquidate” mis
sile systems made in excess by
any agreement.
“However, when the resulting
practical consequences are ex
amined, one finds little change
in substance,” Nitze said. “All
variations of the Soviet position
would result in the same fou
principal outcomes as the or
ginal: A large SS-20 force i
Europe, no countering NATt
deployments, a free hand fc
SS-20 deployments in the eas>
ern U.S.S.R., and a drastic rt
duction in U.S. aircraft in a
near Europe.
“This would leave, and is irt
tended to leave, the U.S.S.R. a
the only nuclear power on th
European continent,” Nitz
said.
Western diplomats said thef
is no negotiating flexibility o
the Soviet side as there was la:
summer when Nitze went for
“walk in the woods” near Gen
va with his Soviet opposite nun
ber, Yuli Kvitzinsky, and dre'
up the outlines of an agreemen*
to be submitted to both goverr
ments. As Nitze noted, that ii
itiative fell on “infertil
ground.”
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United Press International
PHOENIX — Many women
lower their voices as they try to
succeed like men, say two Arizo
na State University professors —
both women — who have resear
ched “ideal” voices.
The professors questioned
387 college students from ASU
and, to compare cultural effects,
the Universidad Autbnoma de
Guadalajara in Mexico.
They found the U.S. male has
it easy. His ideal voice is almost a
carbon copy of what those sur
veyed think of as ideal for all
people, both male and female. It
is low in pitch, medium in
volume and somewhat slow.
These same people think the
ideal female voice is medium in
pitch and soft in volume.
So how does Jane Doe sound
like an ideal female and sound
ideal at the same time?
“I can choose,” said Banisa
Saint Damian, co-author of the
study with Carol Ann Valentine.
“I can either confirm gender ex
pectations and be medium in
pitch or I can lower the pitch and
maybe harm my voice.”
The professors said U.S. voice
preferences already show in
W-omen broadcasters,, who
sound more and more like men.
“We’re creating a new breed,
a new ideal for woman going
into the media,” said Saint Da
mian. “Their looks are feminine
but the sounds are slightly diffe
rent than the ideal female voice.
She’s a cross breed. So we have a
new image.”
The researchers expect the
image to carry over to the public.
Valentine said recent articles
say womens’ voices already are
becoming like mens’, just as re
gional dialects and accents are
giving way to the homogenized
speech of the media.
“The notion is that women
are modeling their voices after
the women they see and hear in
the media, as opposed to
mothers, aunts and neighbor
women,” Valentine said.
In business settings, women
have found they should lower
their tone to get ahead, she said.
Ironically, just when the
woman wants to sound most in
control, her body works against
her.
“The voice box is a muscle,”
Valentine said. “When you’re
nervous it tightens up. At the
time we want to sound most
knowledgeable and credible,
our voice betrays us.”
She said a man’s voice may go
up and still be in the “okay
range,” but “Women start at the
top of the range and go up from
there.”
On the other hand, a woman
can lower her voice too much.
“If a male lowers his voice to
approach the ideal, it doesn’t
occur to anyone to write in that
the voice offends them,” Saint
Damian said. “When a female
announcer sounds as if she has
lowered her voice she doesn’t
sound feminine.”
Also, if a woman speaks loud
er to conform to the general
ideal voice, she may be suspect.
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