sports
Battalion/Page 14
November 11, If
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Opportunities for women
Title IX impact great
TANK
by Kelly Krauskopf
Battalion Reporter
Ever since women were bar-
As a result of changes brought about
by the Title IX legislation, women now
have have many more opportunities in
the world of college athletics. Quality
and skill of women athletes has gone
up dramatically since the amendment
was created in 1972, but recent steps
taken by members of the Reagan ad
ministration may detract from some of
the progress made in this area. Patti
Holthaus, pictured here, is a member
of the Aggie women’s softball team.
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red from the ancient Olympic
Games — to the extent that they
were not even allowed to watch
— female athletes have come a
long way. The growing interest
of women in competitive athle
tics is reflected through the
rapid increase of participation
on both the high school and col
legiate levels.
During the period from 1971-
1978, for example, the number
of female participants in orga
nized high school sports in
creased over 600 percent,
according to figures obtained
from National Federation of
High School Association’s data.
In the same period, a survey
supplied by the Association for
Intercollegiate Athletics for
Women reveals that women’s
participation in intercollegiate
sports increased 102 percent.
However, as women rush into
athletic competition, they are
continuously striving for equal
ity in sports.
One federal law which has
had a tremendous impact on
women’s programs because of
its broad coverage of discrimina
tion is Title IX of the Education
Amendments of 1972.
The law states that: “No per
son in the United States shall, on
the basis of sex, be excluded
from participation in any educa
tion program or activity receiv
ing federal financial assistance.”
In simple words, Title IX pro
hibits sex bias in every school
activity from classrooms to ex
tracurricular clubs, from class
enrollment and employment of
teachers to every other educa
tional area and policy. Yet athle
tics — with its multi-digit
budgets, dramatic perform
ances and strong alumni press
ures — has been the most con
troversial activity affected by Ti
tle IX.
On most campuses, the prim
ary problem confronting ,
women athletes has been the
absence of fair and adequate
services and benefits, such as
budget allocations, practice
times and promotional support.
Under Title IX, there are three
areas of compliance that univer
sities are expected to meet: scho
larships based on athletic ability,
meeting the interests of male
and female students and com
pliance in other programs such
as equipment and supplies,
game and practice times and
travel.
The federal government con
siders an institution in com
pliance if its selection of sports
and levels of competition effec
tively meet the interests and abi
lities of both sexes.
Wally Groff, associate athletic
director for finance at Texas
A&M University, says the athle
tic programs are in compliance
even though the University has
not referred to the law in the last
five years.
“We have not really had to re
fer much to Title IX here at
A&M concerning athletics,” he
said. “We feel like we have built
our program so that we are in
compliance. I don’t think
schools are as concerned today
as they were three years ago be
cause it is kept in the back of
everyone’s mind. We have been
trying to do the right thing
under Title IX. We feel our
women’s programs deserve to be
pushed forward.”
Assistant AD Kay Don says
skill of women athletes up
“We have not really had
to refer much to Title
IX here at A&M con
cerning athletics. We
feel like we have built
our program so that we
are in compliance.” —
Texas A&M Associate
Athletic Director for Fi
nance Wally Groff.
the money from one successful
sport could finance several
other sports’ programs. Money
is raised from ticket sales, televi
sion coverage and other fund
raising activities.
Texas A&M athletic prog
rams do not receive any federal
funds and are, in fact, self-
supporting. Groff said the athle
tic budget, totaling more than $5
million, relies heavily on re
venues gained from football.
“Ninety percent of our in
come comes from football,” he
said. “This money goes into the
main budget to be distributed
among other programs. We are
at the full maximum in the num
ber of scholarships that the
NCAA allows for both men and
women. We are proportionate
in the scholarship area.”
The men’s athletic budget at
Texas A&M totals a little more
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Associate AD Wally Groff
says NCAA has advantages
“I think Title IX hasdefii
ly increased opportunities (i
women on all levels,” said.'
opportunities for youngkidiJ
well as the collegiate levelj
unbelievable now as comp:
to 10 years ago. We are [
towards stronger women'sp
rams.’
Title IX has helped worn
establish their position inatli
tics, he said.
“We are over the hump
ting women in,” he said. “Td
IX has helped womeny
they are today. I thinkuniven |
ties are committed to gitii
their women’s programs
opportunities and benefits,
don’t think that just
there is a law saying we havti ? y(
treat women athletes etpl
Although Texas A&M has not
called much attention to Title
IX, John Kasser, women’s athle
tic director at the University of
Houston, said his school’s athle
tic programs recently went
through a major review of the
law.
“We reviewed Title IX last
spring to see if we were making
progress for women’s athletics,”
he said. “We are very much in
compliance in all areas.”
For universitites to be in com
pliance with Title IX scholarship
regulation, institutions must
provide financial aid for mem
bers of each sex in proportion to
the number of students of each
sex participating in athletics. For
example, if a university has a tot
al scholarship fund of $100,000
in a school with 70 male and 30
female athletes, the male
athletes would receive $70,000
and the female athletes would
get $30,000.
Scholarship aid is deducted
from the fixed athletic budget
for each sport and the issue is
complicated when considering
equalizing male and female
budgets. At many universities,
than $4 million, while the
women’s budget amounts to
$980,000. Although the figures
indicate a disparity, Groff said
each program receives the prop
ortionate amount required
under the financial aid regula
tion.
“We have to realize that there
are obviously more participants
in men’s football,” he said,
“therefore, there will be more
scholarships given. “Also, the
cost of football is much bigger
than any of the women’s sports
because of the necessary equip
ment. It is a very big revenue-
producing sport.”
Donna Lopiano, women’s
athletic director at the Universi
ty of Texas, said she agrees that
revenue-producing sports such
as football require higher ex
penditures than most women’s
sports.
“It is true that most revenues
come from football,” she said.
‘ Just to open our stadium for a
football game costs $20,GOO. We
don’t have any women’s sports
with expenses that high. That is
good example relating to the na
ture of the sport.”
However, Lopiano said, just
because football brings in more
revenues doesn’t mean that it
should receive special treat
ment.
that we would dump themifii
law failed.” K™
At Texas A&M, Don sij ,' hcircc
addition to increasing oppore r p nf ] e [' t
nities,
the quality of w« Li ef i che [ v
athletes has increased :onferenC(
I he quality of athletes lit: orvovert |
has definitely risen overtheli k y s ,
10 years, she said. Since! Mic 6 hi
high school programs havepid .• f •
ed up, most of the athletes i bd wit j> a
much stronger m skill. vou i dearn
Although womens athltu ast seven v
programs have started tost* ' Anzon j
enforcement of Iitle IX ii ; a !,, rr i., v n
been weak and the law is fads j.| W0l] | c j
serious challenges from li i 0 jjf erena
Reagan Administrat# j owL Soutl
Lopiano said the Office forG ieArizona
Rigfns, t lie of f ice responsible! f or ^ ton
implementing Title IX, In 1 q ere ar
weakened
the law.
the enforcement
... . , luarterbad
We have not seen as me ^arsago tl
progress in the last fiveyearsi ^ j
we did when the lawwasfcf \y est y n .
established,” she said. “Thejot L\yyp
eminent is not interestedintt Others-
forcing civil rights lawsandar |j rown 9j J
0 n "’nln ^
EAST
effort not to enforce Titlell»; 0 | um | 3 j a ^
threatens women’s opportu) /aid 23-Pr
Ags’
“If the psychology depart
ment was bringing in more stu
dents and raising the amount of
tuition money received, you
wouldn’t expect to give them
any special treatment,” she said.
“The same principle should
apply to all other departments.”
To be in compliance in other
athletic benefits such as mainte
nance of equipment, scheduling
of games and travel expenses,
institutions must have compara
ble programs when measuring
availability, quality, opportuni
ties and treatment afforded to
members of both sexes.
At Texas A&M, Groff said,
there are no limitations on the
women’s program in the area of
equipment and facilities.
However, he said there may be
some travel variance between
the men and women.
“There may be some degree
of variation in the travel area
with men and women’s basket
ball,” he said. “The men go to
more tournaments, but they are
guaranteed a certain amount of
money to play in the tourna
ments they are invited to.”
Kay Don, assistant athletic di
rector for women at Texas
A&M, also agreed that there are
some travel differences between
the programs.
“We may be low in the travel
area, but it is very small,” Don
said. “Comparatively, the men
probably travel more.”
Many positive changes have
occurred for female athletes as a
result of Title IX. The National
Advisory Council reports that
the average college now offers
about twice as many sports to
women. In 1974, a woman could
choose between two sports for
every seven offered a man.
Kasser said Title IX has
brought about more opportuni
ties for women’s athletics.
ties and progress. Title IX ki
kind of dwindled with tl
Reagan administration."
The Reagan administratit
wants to reduce the roleoflk -i
federal government in eduo /YQT'k
tion and eliminate whatitfei [
are burdensome requireiM®^
that only were necessary ll|llll L) _
years ago. A Title IX amenJ
ment, S. 1361, introduced c |
June 1981 by Senator Ortt , Texas A
Hatch, could have a morede'S ■ ,ar y Kubiak
tating impact on Title IX tk Ufor the fi
any other attack made by tit p h>s leg
administration. TO ago.
The amendment would pK- ; I think he
hibit from discriminatory ptn t° v ment,”
tices only programs that recei't herill said,
federal funds directly. CiirretlP 1 ' 1 ^'-
ly, if a school receives (eden > Kubiak ha
money in any single program* ankh
activity, the entire instituW Sherri
must comply with Title IX. Ils starting
The amendment also wool ; ven make
remove employment discri®
play
nation from Title IX. Thedtd ptkSaturd
sion to pass the amendment*
presently at a standstill in Cos g
gress but if passed, eq ' ’
tion opportunities would best
riously weakened, if not''
troyed.
An even more serious (
to the survival of Title IX, is t!
demise of the organization t
kept it safe from atta
throughout the 1970s —
AIAW. Since it began,
AI AW — the first and only!
erning body for women'scpljcf
athletics — has promoted ®
campus opportunity for wow
and defended Title IX :
the NCAA’s opposition.
Last year, however,
NCAA voted to start its o»
championship for women
many women’s coaches a*
administrators feel the
takeover will remove won* 1
from the forefront in direct®
their own programs.
At Texas A&M, Don saidik
has mixed emotions about d*
change from AIAW to NCAd
“1 have tried to be very p* 1 ' 1
five about the change,” she sai 1
“I think it (NCAA) will help
the budget area and also «
promotions. But the leaders!
of women might decline a
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