national
Battalion/Page 12
March 24,1982
Workers, bosses guilty researchers say
Blue collar sexual harassment surveyed
United Press International
CEDAR FALLS, Iowa — In
One of the first studies of sexual
harassment in the blue collar
workplace, Iowa researchers
have discovered that co-workers
are just as guilty of harassment
as their bosses.
Donald E. Maypole, of the
University of Iowa’s social work
department, said a study of un
ion workers in Cedar Falls-
Waterloo area factories showed
23 percent of the men and
women have experienced job-
related sexual harassment.
The random sample survey
indicated 36 percent of the 243
women surveyed have been
harassed on the job. Eight per
cent of the 1,561 men reported
being victimized.
Rosemarie Skaine, who con
ducted the survey with Maypole
in the summer of 1980, said pre
vious polls have been incorrect
in attributing all sexual harass
ment to male supervisors.
“We found that sexual harass
ment was perpetrated by co
workers in addition to super
visors,” she said. “Our findings
vvere validated by a recent study
by the federal Merit System Pro
tection Board.
‘“Co-workers’ power may
come from influence with the
boss or with the other men. If
the woman is in a position of less
power, this is more likely to
happen.
“And, since the workplace is
friale-dominated — both in
numbers and job position —
■Wdmen are frequently found in
positions Yvith little power to
protect themselves from bosses
or co-workers.”
The researchers said their fi
gures for the number of people
being sexually harassed are con
siderably lower than other sur
veys.
“We found our incident rate
was lower than every survey ex
cept for the Merit Protection
Board,” Skaine said. “We think
the reason for this is because we
did it scientifically, using a ran
dom sample. We feel ours is
more valid.”
Skaine said sexual harass
ment was defined in the study as
“any kind of behavior that was
unwanted sexual behavior dire
cted at a person, that causes a
person discomfort and could in
clude rape or attempted rape.
• .- “The most blatant form is
when you ask for sexual favor in
return for other favors,” she
Said. “It could be squeezing or
pinching or dirty jokes. Or it
could be subtle things such as
Staring.
11 “‘We found that both men and
wdmen felt verbal abuse, like
dirty jokes, was the most com
mon form. With women, the
next thing was unwanted
touching. But the men didn’t re
port that.”
Male workers agreed with
their female counterparts that it
is a form of rape when bosses use
their authority to force someone
into unwanted sex. But the men
disagreed that sexual harass-
Complaint
cites tree
producers
United Press International
WASHINGTON — The na
tion’s largest producers of artifi
cial Christmas trees have been
accused of violating an antitrust
settlement with the government.
The Justice Department filed
a‘civil contempt action Monday
jn U.S. District Court in Harris
burg, Pa., against American
.Technical Industries Inc. of Pitt
sburgh, a producer of artificial
trees, and its corporate parent,
Papercraft Corp. of Pittsburgh;
and Marathon Manufacturing
Co. of Houston and its corpo
rate parent, Penn Central Corp.
of New York.
The complaint also named as
defendants Joseph M. Katz and
hjs son, Marshall, both of Pitt
sburgh. The elder Katz is chair
man of both ATI and Paper-
craft; his son is president of both
operations.
In its complaint, the govern
ment asked the federal court to
hold the companies in civil con
tempt and to set aside a sales
agreement that called for ATI-
Papercraft to acquire the artifi
cial tree assets of Marathon’s
Carey-McFall Division, which
manufactures artificial Christ
mas trees.
The complaint also asks that
ATI and Papercraft be pre
vented from using any competi
tive information they may have
acquired during negotiations
for the company.
ment was traumatic.
“Not only did they think it
wasn’t upsetting to themselves,”
Skaine said, “they also didn’t feel
it should be upsetting to
women.”
The sexes also disagreed on
motives.
Female workers said harass
ment was a way for men to use
their power to control women’s
behavior, especially sexual be
havior. Men, however, felt
harassment was purely for sex
ual gratification.
The study recommended in
dustry management take pre
ventive steps to curtail sexual
harassment.
“They can institute a policy
within their company that they
do not allow sexual harass
ment,” Skaine said.
“If you can get the employing
body to enact a policy, a person
who is harassed can go through
the channels and get some re
course.”
Beyond that, she suggested
employers educate their work
ers about their rights concern
ing sexual harassment.
She said their study showed
few people were familiar with
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act,
which prohibits sexual harass
ment in firms with 15 or more
workers.
Maypole said all the survey re
spondents were union members
from large factories covered by
Title VII.
He said the study was just the
tip of the iceberg.
“There’s a lot more research
to be done in this area,” he said,
but added that they did not find
instances of women harassing
men because they didn’t ask that
question.
“Our understanding was lit
male harassment originaid
more from a homosexual nam
than from women.
“But as women work thci
way up the power structure,lit
known of cases where that kiii
of thing can happen. Those!
power tend to take advantaged
people below them.”
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