national
Battalion/Page 12
March 23,1982
Ozone standards
upheld by court
fr -X
Recruiting Sailors
staff photo by Eric Mitchell
Rusty Thomas, right, a sophomore biomedical
science major from Fort Worth, and Melody
Powell, a sophomore accounting major from
Houston, recruit students to join the Sailing Club.
They and their boat were stationed by Rudder
Fountain Monday.
United Press international
WASHINGTON — The Sup
reme Court today rejected a ma
jor challenge to the Clean Air
Act, leaving intact a decision that
upholds the Environmental Pro
tection Agency’s standards for
ozone pollution.
The justices refused to hear
an appeal by the American Pet
roleum Institute and the city of
Houston, which claimed the
EPA’s restrictions on ozone —
caused mainly by automobiles —
are too stringent.
Oil industry lawyers also
charged that a federal appeals
court decision upholding EPA
ozone standards was a “sweep
ing interpretation” that “would
eliminate effective judicial re
view of most, if not all, rulemak
ing requirements for Clean Air
Act standards and regulations.”
The appeal to the high court
comes at a time when President
Reagan is urging Congress to
weaken environmental stan
dards set in the Clean Air Act.
The law is up for reauthoriza
tion this year on Capitol Hill.
The case before the justices
focused only on ozone, which is
not emitted directly into the air.
It is produced by complex che
mical reactions between organic
compounds and nitrogen in the
presence of sunlight.
The organic compounds
come from auto emissions, as
well as pollution from chemical
factories.
Ozone is the primary cause of
health problems associated with
smog. At certain concentration
levels, ozone irritates the respir
atory system and causes
coughing, wheezing, chest tight
ness and headaches. It can
aggravate asthma, bronchitis
and emphysema.
The federal appeals court
noted, “Some studies indicate
that chronic exposure to fairly
low levels of ozone may reduce
resistance to infection and alter
blood chemistry or chromosone
structure.”
As a result, reducing ozone
pollution is a primary goaloftl*
Clean Air Act. The ozone st®
dards at issue, which wereesti
lished by the EPA in 1979, muj
be implemented through sat
programs.
Industry lawyers filed su
against the restrictions, but (n
U.S. Circuit Court of ,
for the District of Colwnbia
ruled in favor of the EPA, not
ing an earlier decision by
same court found the law ban
the agency from considering
cost of technology in settingtbt
pollution standards.
Houston and the petroleun
trade group took the case totk
Supreme Court.
They claimed the EPj
violated its own procedures I*
not submitting the ozone staa-
dards to an independent sciei
advisory board for review.
The EPA in response toldtln
court that it was “pressed (oi
time” when it developed tin
standards and that advi
board review was not requii
Too many trust machines
Media attacks Solidarity
United Press International
WARSAW, Poland — A de
fiant crowd of 7,000 Poles
turned out for the christening of
Lech Walesa’s 2-month-old
daughter in a gesture of support
for Solidarity but authorities be
gan a prime-time television
attack on the interned union
leader.
Walesa remained locked up
during Sunday’s ceremony in
Gdansk, the port city that gave
birth to Solidarity in 1980.
An empty chair next to his
wife, Danuta, reminded all that
military authorities did not re
spond to family appeals to re
lease him for the christening of
Maria Wiktoria, who he has nev-
Mrs. Walesa wept softly when
her daughter, dressed in white,
was christened before the crowd
of some 7,000 people overflow
ing the modern parish church
and filling the square outside.
“It was a pity my husband
could not come, but otherwise it
was splendid,” she said by tele
phone from Gdansk.
She said she had been hear
tened by the show of support by
the crowd, which chanted “Give
us Leszek (Lech)” and “Solidar
ity, Solidarity,” as she carried
her daughter to a waiting car af
ter the 45-minute service.
Witnesses said police and
security forces kept out of sight
during the christening. The city
was calm throughout the day.
But in a 70-minute program
on prime-time television Sun
day, the rulers painted a picture
of official patience in the face of
wild Solidarity strike actions that
brought the country to the brink
of economic collapse during the
16-month tug-of-war between
the union and the government.
In a stark attack on Walesa,
the program showed him
addressing endless strike meet
ings against a backdrop of hor
ror music. The commentator
condemned Walesa as “a man
driven by ambition.”
Underground sources said city of Bydgoszcz Friday — the
two 15-minute strikes were held, first anniversary of police beat-
and many were arrested in the ings of three Solidarity activists.
United Press International
If your calculator flashed a
wrong answer, would you know
the difference? There’s a good
chance you’d trust the machine
more than yourself.
A study undertaken by
Robert Reys, a professor of
math education, indicates that
even those who are good mathe
maticians frequently bow to the
authority of a calculator. He
presented test subjects with a
series of seven arithmetic prob
lems. For each, the subjects esti
mated the answer, wrote it down
and then punched the numbers
into a calculator for its answer.
The machines were program
med to make mistakes — by 10
percent for the first three prob
lems, 25 percent for the next
two, and 50 percent for the fill
pair.
On the first question, 93pa
cent of the subjects gave a g
estimate. But when a diflei
answer appeared on the screq
only 20 percent suspected ik
machine of making an error '
fact, 36 percent of the sub)
worked through all seven |
lems continuing to believe
own abilities were at fault.
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