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Are comets‘cosmic storks ?
Scientists discuss comets and life’s origins
Consultation firms expand
Making a good salesperson
United Press International
COLLEGE PARK, Md. — One scientist sug
gests comets are “cosmic storks” that spread pri
mitive life throughout the universe. Another con
cludes that the chemical building blocks of life
rained from comets onto Earth more than 3 billion
years ago.
Still another idea is that comets were responsi
ble for much of Earth’s water and atmosphere and
thus provided the medium in which organic mole
cules evolved into living things.
Such speculation about comets and their
hypothetical role in the development of terrest
rial life is possible because so little is known about
[ the wandering masses of gas, dust and ice that
orbit the sun.
According to the generally accepted theory
proposed by Harvard University astronomer
Fred Whipple, a comet’s nucleus is a dirty snow
ball—a mixture of dust and frozen water and ices
of other chemicals.
Comets may contain material undisturbed
since the birth of the solar system 4.6 billion years
ago.
Astronomical observations of comets in recent
1 years show that, with the exception of phosphor-
[ us, all the elements necessary for life exist in
comets. These are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen,
oxygen and sulfur.
Some of the world’s leading comet specialists
[athered at the University of Maryland recently
It is suggested that some of the
“dust” grains in these “cosmic
stork” comets are in fact
bacteria enclosed in a
protective shell.
for two days to review what is known about com
ets and to speculate on any link they may have to
the origin of life.
Probably the most controversial theory discus
sed was a proposal of Fred Hoyle and Chandra
Wickramasinghe of Britain’s University College
in Cardiff, Wales. They believe comets can dis
perse life throughout the universe.
Wickramasinghe called these comets “cosmic
storks” and said they could well have brought
micro-organisms to Earth 3.8 billion years ago.
He suggested that some of the “dust” grains in
comets are in fact bacteria enclosed in a protective
shell of graphite formed from the degradation of
biological materials.
He and Hoyle estimated the Earth receives
large numbers of viable cells every year from
cometary particles that survive their fall through
Earth’s atmosphere.
“Of those that survive, the various environ
ments on the Earth, we believe, simply pick up
the types that are best suited for replication under
the conditions that prevail,” he said.
Wickramasinghe did not address the question
of where the bacteria came from in the first place.
But he said the chemicals of life did not originate
on Earth and thus there is no reason to assume
that life began on Earth.
Rockefeller University biologist Richard
Young, a former space agency official, said it is
difficult to accept the idea that life arose from
comets because of the absence of liquid water in
comets and the deadly radiation environment of
space.
Cyril Ponnamperuma, director of the Universi
ty of Maryland’s Laboratory of Chemical Evolu
tion and the conference host, said there is no
doubt that comets contain many of the ingre
dients of life. But he said he does not believe
Earth life needs any help from comets.
Scientists hope to get their first hard informa
tion on the makeup of comets when Halley’s com
et makes its once-every-76-years swing past the
Earth in 1986. The European Space Agency, the
Soviet Union and Japan are planning spacecraft to
probe the comet. The U.S. space agency may
have to forego the opportunity because of a lack of
money.
f Child day care demand growing
United Press International
NEW YORK — About 16 million
American households pay for day
ting out apt we for small children outside the
iril. lome. Proprietary or professional
productioni Jay care centers are thus one of the
arce, Scliafe
dll beafavot'
i so that tit
ons from tit
'esent the sil
ent, mi
lest growth businesses in the
country.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics
istimates there are at least 19,000
lay care centers in the country, with
paying $7.5 billion a year for
mcil, Schafis heir services. Their licensed capac-
achofthel! ty grew from 850,000 children in
its select tm 1973 to 1.6 million in 1979. The De
ification wlo urtment of Health, Education and
Welfare thinks the payments by pa-
ents could soar to $35 billion a year
>yl990.
The 19,000 centers include every-
hingfrom Mom ‘n Pop operations to
alters operated by churches, wel-
lare institutions, unions or em-
al adviser!)
Lutes of 4
ent, Schafft!
>n of the arte
s, togivesig-
le help whta
“serves asu
il suffers ki
laffer said sit
mcil seemsti
ear, the coi
tions college
majors for!
to serve asiployers or by the public schools.
The proprietary chains represent
)rJy a little over 5 percent of the total
Hit are growing fast. They say they
impossible,' lrov >de more than the other child
are centers, even if they charge for
tions as temporary help agencies, in
come tax preparation offices and pa
ramedical schools.
The typical LaPetite Academy is a
year-round operation usually housed
in a one-story air-conditioned build
ing on a plot of half acre or so, with a
staff ranging up to 20. The centers
care for children from three to 12
years of age and so are open outside
the usual school hours, some operat
ing evenings and weekends, and pro
vide more care in summer than when
school is in session.
Behind the rosy growth outlook
for the business are the steady in
creases in the number of working
mothers and in the number of one-
parent households. Even the
affluent working mother or one-
parent family head has increasing
difficulty finding competent domes
tic help to care for small children at
home. The BLS says that in the
whole country there were only
474,000 domestic workers in 1979,
down 1 percent from 1971.
The growth in one-parent families
may be surmised from the increase
in divorces from 479,000 in 1965 to
1.12 million in 1978. The number of
working women jumped 40 percent
in the same period. The BLS says
there presently are at least 17 million
children with working mothers. One
third of these are pre-school age; that
5.5 million should double by 1990.
A few years ago it was believed
Congress would appropriate billions
for day care centers. That didn’t hap
pen but the debate brought some
interesting arguments, including
opposition to centers operated by
either employers or unions since it
would give them a hold over parents,
especially working mothers.
United Press International
NEW YORK — Definitions are
emerging for what separates top pro
ducers from mediocre sales people.
Scientific investigation of sales
training and selection methods is
bearing fruit. For example, selling is
now defined as a people problem,
not an economic or technological
one.
In an era of technological explo
sion, salespersons with an engineer
ing background are much in de
mand. Still, most business is people
oriented, not technically oriented.
Firms developing sales training
methods offer systems variously cal
led consultative selling, customer
oriented selling, lifestyle or behavo-
rial selling.
Jack Snader, president of Systema
Corp., a Chicago marketing and
management consulting firm,
teaches various selling methods, but
Snader says lifestyle selling has the
broadest use.
His company has sold systems to
life insurance, health care and data
processing companies. Sales training g||
methods are based on recognizing
four distinct types of customer perso
nalities and tailoring the sales
approach and appeal to fit each. ■
The personalities are defined as: I
— The driver, the customer who |
has to be in charge. He or she wants ■
to get right to the point and looks the ■
salesperson right in the eye. The |
driver is quick to take risks. To deal g
with him, the salesperson must be ■
logical and efficient and quick to offer ■
options — and must avoid becoming ■
personal or emotional. ■
— The expressor, a customer who ■
has a need for recognition of his or |
her importance and is likely to be ■
excitable and a bit dramatic. Ex- ■
pressors use facial expressions and |
body movements freely. The sales- g
person should never push the ex
pressive customer for a quick deci
sion.
— The amiable customer, one
who wants to be accepted by every
one and is not eager to get down to
business. Usually this customer sits
back and looks relaxed. The salesper
son must be very patient and culti
vate a personal relationship. The
salesperson should try to get the cus
tomer more interested in him or her
than in what’s being sold, Snader
said.
— The analytical type, another
case that demands great patience,
precisely accurate information and
ample evidence to back every claim.
Analyticals are recognizable by a ten
dency to speak slowly, stick to facts
and be sticklers about time. They
show little emotion and often avoid
eye-to-eye contact with those they
are conversing with.
★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
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£ Tickets at the MSC Box Office or at the door
★★★★★★
NOV. 13,14,15, 20, 21,22
8:00 P.M. RUDDER FORUM
The SOLID
GOLD:
CAPUIAC
A&M STUDENTS $2.50
OTHERS $3.50
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i
The Cow Hop
((A LI TP* A rM a T > l/ a \LI»
8
“AN AGGIE TRADITION
T-BONE
OZ. STEAK
Tender, delicious
T-Bone served with
Texas Toast and
French Fries
846-1588
JUST
$
3 00 ^
317 UNIVERSITY DR.
(NORTH GATE)
ward wherii floated by CenCor, Inc., of Kansas
)ns had cot
members,
not only an
tter, butsom
of several i
og on in
■aid.
tes and
Among the leading chains, Kin-
lercare Learning Centers, Inc., of
ilontgomery, Ala., has 660 units and
lopes to open 150 more each year for
everal years. La Petite Academy,
ity, runs 250 centers in 16 states,
ach capable of accommodating 80 to
MO children and intends to open 50
more annually. Children’s
( lnc., ofEvergreen, Colo, has
93 centers, with room for 100 chil-
, and hopes for a 20 percent
innual growth rate.
Parents pay from $30 to $50 a week
-wide issiiti JP^ild according to the hours and
rs on officii N et y of care provided,
nking of aim l^tite Academy represents the
ipus, Schafi Mamorphosis of CenCor from a
mall consumer finance company to a
is extremelj We service conglomerate. Chair-
council. '1 lllan F Brozman recalls that the 32-
this council lear '°M CenCor bought nine oper-
councilisi ‘togeMd care centers in 1970 “in
der to end our dependence on the
semestertkl ‘‘8% volatile consumer finance
itCouncills Wess.” The experiment was so
1, “and I hope 'Wssful that CenCor now has gone
t way.” “d suc h other chain service opera-
aTm study abroad aTm study abroad aTm
<
>
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STUDY ABROAD FAIR
Thursday, November 20, 1980
RM 206MSC
12 pm - 2pm
THE INTERNATIONAL STUDENT EXCHANGE PROGRAM
For undergraduates at TAMIL Costs the same as one year at TAMU. Study
abroad for one academic year on a reciprocal program funded by congress.
'"'Pplicants must:
Be a full time undergraduate student enrolled at TAMU.
Have completed freshman & sophomore years at TAMU prior to commencing
their period of study abroad.
Have an overall B(3.0) average, with no grades below a B In their ma.ior
field of study.
The Study Abroad Advisor will discuss in greater detail eligibility require-
nients for the ISEP program as well as outline the application process.
HUS SUMMER IN LATIN AMERICA
You can volunteer to inoculate, do dental hygiene & visual screening, well-
digging, community sanitation or animal husbandry. Programs available in
'"exico, Guatemala, Honduras, Ecuador, Paraguay, & the Dominican Republic.
Representatives from AMIGOS De Las Americas will be available to discuss
the above mentioned opportunities. Resource table will be on first floor MSC
HSC TRAVEL COMMITTEE
HSC Travel Committee presents several students discussing their overseas
experiences in study and travel programs.
VRANSFER OF CREDITS FROM FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS
,r - Harvey Striegler, Associate Director of Admissions A Records, will dis
cuss transfer of credits from overseas Universities.
;TAHU HODERN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT SUMMER STUDIES IN EUROPE
i-ach summer the Department of Modern Languages at Texas A&M University offers
students who have the equivalent of at least one year of college-level
French, German, or Spanish the opportunity to participate in an intensive
language prograu abroad and to experience first hand various aspects of
Foreign cultures and civilizations. Professors from the Modern Language
Apartment will be available to discuss in greater detail.
MEKICAN INSTITUTE FOR FOREIGN STUDY (AIFS)
^ representative from AIFS will be on Campus to give an overview of the
institute. He will be available throughout the morning (table, 1st floor
«f the MSC) to meet individually with interested students.
i
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Senior Induction
Banquet
of
The Association of Former Students
Monday, November 24
6:30 p.m. Brazos Center
All graduate and undergraduate students who
will receive degrees in December are invited to attend.
It’s FREE
BUT YOU MUST PICK UP
A TICKET TO ATTEND
* Tickets available Nov. 17-21 in the lobby of
the Forsyth Alumni Center - across from Post
Office - MSC
Now Better Than Ever. You Will Be Pleased With
These Carefully Prepared and Taste Tempting Foods.
Each Daily Special Only $2.13 Plus Tax.
“Open Daily”
Dining: 11 A.M. to 1:30 P.M.—4:00 P.M. to 7:00 P.M.
H
STUDY ABROAD OFFICE C
BIZZEIX HALL J
ti:l 845-1824 >
wjyflvoHHv Acinxs Fjjy civomuv aohes wjy
Why did the ancient Aztec
and Maya civilizations dis
appear?
Who are the African Bantu,
Bushmen and Zulu?
How are magic, religion
and witchcraft practiced?
ARE YOU INTERESTED IN THE ANSWERS TO
THESE QUESTIONS? IF SO, COME JOIN US IN
AN ANTHROPOLOGY COURSE THIS SPRING!!!
Introduction to Archaeology Anth 202 (1 evening
Indians of Texas — Anth 306 section)
Language and Culture — Anth 307
Archaeology of Mesoamerica — Anth 308
Peoples and Cultures of Africa — Anth 315
Primitive Religions — Anth 403
Greek Archaeology — Anth 489A
Zooarchaeology — Anth 489B
Come by Bolton Hall Room 303 or call 845-5242 for more
information.
MONDAY EVENING
SPECIAL
Salisbury Steak
with
Mushroom Gravy
Whipped Potatoes
Your Choice of
One Vegetable
Roll or Corn Bread and Butter
Coffee or Tea
TUESDAY EVENING
SPECIAL
Mexican Fiesta
Dinner
Two Cheese and
Onion Enchiladas
w/chili
Mexican Rice
Patio Style Pinto Beans
Tostadas
Coffee or Tea
One Corn Bread and Butter
WEDNESDAY
EVENING SPECIAL
Chicken Fried Steak
w/cream Gravy
Whipped Potatoes and
Choice of one other
Vegetable
Roll or Corn Bread and Butter
Coffee or Tea
THURSDAY EVENING SPECIAL
Italian Candle Light Spaghetti Dinner
SERVED WITH SPICED MEAT BALLS AND SAUCE
Parmesan Cheese - Tossed Green Salad
Choice of Salad Dressing - Hot Garlic Bread
Tea or Coffee
FOR YOUR PROTECTION OUR PERSONNEL HAVE HEALTH CARDS
FRIDAY EVENING
SPECIAL
BREADED FISH
FILET w/TARTAR
SAUCE
Cole Slaw
Hush Puppies
Choice of one
vegetable
Roll or Corn Bread & Butter
Tea or Coffee
SATURDAY
NOON and EVENING
SPECIAL
Yankee Pot Roast
(Texas Salad)
Mashed
Potato w/
gravy
Roll or Corn Bread & Butter
Tea or Coffee
i“Quality Firsf’i
SUNDAY SPECIAL
NOON and EVENING
ROASTTURKEY DINNER
Served with
Cranberry Sauce
Cornbread Dressing
Roll or Corn Bread - Butter -
CoffeorTea
Giblet Gravy
And your choice of any
One vegetable