Page 8 THE BATTALION
MONDAY. OCTOBER 27. 1980
China cities hide tunnels
United Press International
PE KING—They were built at the height of the Cold War to
save China’s urban population from the devastation of a Soviet
nuclear attack.
For years, millions of shop assistants, garage mechanics and
even old-age pensioners hacked at the earth with picks and
shovels and even their bare hands.
The result was the creation of vast underground tunnel
complexes, virtual cities beneath cities.
Now these complexes are being transformed into commer
cial enterprises.
Many of China’s major cities have tunnel complexes under
neath their busy streets. The capital of Peking has the largest
and has taken the lead in turning it into a money-earner with
hotels, shops, restaurants and even theaters.
In recent months, 58 shelters have been converted into
hotels to provide an extra 6,000 beds for visitors in a capital
hard pressed for accommodation.
The Hilton it isn’t, but for the equivalent of $1 a night,
guests receive a iron bed (six to a room), running water, toilets
(Western or Asian style) and central heating — facilities not
always available in many of Peking’s above-ground hostelries.
Several underground restaurants have opened. Other kitch
ens provide food for overhead factories. Miles of tunnels are
leased as storage space for shops. And thousands of people
crowd nightly into spacious meeting rooms converted into
cinemas and theaters.
The tunnel complexes are even becoming tourist attrac-
“XVe can get 10,000people into the
tunnels in five minutes in case of an
airraid. And they can stay down
here for several months. ”
tions. Republican Vice Presidential candidate George Bush
recently took time out from talks with Chinese officials to walk
through the dank corridors.
Western military experts always have doubted the tunnels
could survive massive Soviet air strikes, but the Chinese are
proud of them and to a visitor the vast network of interlocking
passageways is impressive.
High-ranking visitors in their luxurious guesthouses can
scurry into the tunnels from hundreds of entrances in a matter
of minutes as can tourists in the downtown Peking Hotel or
workers in their local factories.
The tunnel complex in the central Da Sha Lai district is
typical of the citywide system.
At the press of a button, an entire section of the concrete
floor of the busy Da Sha Lai clothing shop rolls back to reveal a
tunnel entrance. Shoppers gawk as a group of tourists pad
down underground.
“In this one area alone of around 200 yards there are 90
similar entrances,” says Gao Si Feng, the area air raid director
who also doubles these days as a tourist guide.
“We can get 10,000 people into the tunnels in five minutes
in case of an air raid. And they can stay down here for several
months or walk through a system of inter-connecting tunnels
and reach the countryside outside Peking.”
This section of tunnel is on three levels, divided by airtight
doors and concealed stairways. The tunnels are equipped with
electric light, fresh air generators, toilets, kitchens and even
books.
The walls inevitably are lined with the sayings of the late
Mao Tse-tung: “Dig tunnels deep. Store grain everywhere.”
It took thousands of shop assistants from the district 10 years
to build this particular section.
Many used their bare hands, others picks and shovels.
“We didn’t know how to build tunnels,” Gao said.
“We had a lot of accidents, but few fatal ones. But there were
frequent cave-ins. It took 10 laborers one day to tunnel two
feet. ”
Another Mao quote reads: “Preparation is better than no
preparation at all. At least we can reduce the casualties.”
The Chinese are convinced that one day the Russian bom
bers will come and the tunnels will be put to their original use.
Gao said.
“We have to keep the tunnels ready for that day,’
“It will come.”
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Doctors worried of risks
Caesareans overused?
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WASHINGTON — Caesarean
births have tripled during the past
decade and now account for an esti
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the United States, prompting con
cern among many doctors that the
surgical procedure may be overused.
Although the safety of the opera
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through an incision has improved
greatly in recent years, it still carries
four times the risk of maternal death
of a normal vaginal delivery.
The rise in Caesarean births has
been accompanied by a dechne in
overall infant mortality in recent
years. But a National Institute of
Health committee noted that many
other changes in obstetric and
pediatric care also have occurred.
“The largest, single concern is,
however, whether Caesarean child
birth improves the outcome for
either mother or child,” said the
panel directed by Dr. Mortimer G.
Rosen of Case Western Reserve Uni
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The four most common reasons for
a Caesarean delivery are when
there is a prolonged or difficult
period of labor, a previous Caesa
rean birth, a breech presentation in
which the baby is positioned for a
feet first rather than a head first
delivery and when there are indica
tions the baby is being deprived of
oxygen.
The committee said that there are
some emergency situations in which
a Caesarean delivery is mandatory,
but it urged physicians to reconsider
many of the reasons for which Caesa
rean sections are carried out.
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women who have had a Caesanphoff of r
before do not necessarily have loffnatch 5-
liver all their children that way, B Yet, tl
It has been standard precede; point of
since the early 1900’s for doctaHvith thre
say that once a baby has beentfterfinals
vered by Caesarean section, aii Brian Jo
sequent deliveries must bfll
Caesarean. This was to avoidihefM^
of a rupture during labor at thei JL C A
site on the uterus from the preife -p (
operation. t ^ e
The panel said more than 98; ja- g at
cent of all women undergo a rtf ^ e f ie ]j
Caesarean for subsequent prep Straight -
cies. | Texcis
A low horizontal uterine inciss *' ^
now in general use compared to a 2;
vertical cut that used to be stanp|^ an se<
The panel said studies haver ha
cated that labor and vaginal dei? - 5
after a previous Caesarean use. j^iddg ]
low crosswise incision is safe jj.qj g f
mother and child in selected c '
and well equipped hospitals.
In cases of difficult or prolon
labor, as long as the baby is t
trouble, the guidelines recon®
that doctors attempt other measj
to ease the situation before resoif
to a Caesarean delivery.
As far as breech babies areo I
cerned, the panel noted thatbis r
presentations are associated will
increased risk to the infant ref
less of whether delivery is perfon
vaginally or by Caesarean.
The new guidelines say vagiwll
livery of a breech baby
main an acceptable choice whe»:
baby is believed to weigh less (In
pounds and all other conditions
normal.
The panel said more informal
needed on delivery outcomeij
babies facing oxygen depriv:
The experts said there is still a}
deal of difficulty in determii
which babies are encounterinf
ygen problems which can ci
brain damage.
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