THE BATTALION
MONDAY, APRIL 14, 1980
Page 5
nation
Allies’ sanctions doubted
Sam expects you
to pay taxes by Tuesday
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t means li. United Press International
lexpectii; WASHINGTON — Benjamin
we can'tp Franklin once said, “In this world,
is gointi nothing is certain but death and
taxes.” Tuesday, Uncle Sam expects
you to square up on the latter,
wmntt Nearly 93 million American tax-
Jtyers are expected to have mailed
in their returns to the Internal Re
venue Service or requested an ex
tension by midnight Tuesday.
* ^ JR Two out of every three already
; T cl11 have done their duty, and the reward
I I j has been handsome in many cases
? ” with refunds averaging $590.53 —
lla ' up $100 from a year ago.
Most people who get refunds tend
to file early returns, however, and
the chances are that those who have
waited this long to file know they
may have to pay Uncle Sam.
“People who owe money generally
file later,” said IRS spokesman Larry
Batdorf.
He also said there are some in
teresting trends this year, judging
from the approximately 60 million
forms that had been filed by April 4.
— More Americans appear to be
using the short form.
— The average refund is up 20.5
percent, probably because inflation
has pushed up mortgage interest
rates, medical costs and other allow
able deductions.
— More taxpayers seem to be
turning to IRS analysts for help in
filling out the forms rather than using
outside tax preparation firms.
— The $1 contributions to the
presidential campaign fund, which
can be checked off on the tax form,
have increased by 10.3 percent this
year.
It may surprise some to know that
the dread of the American taxpayer
— the audit — claims relatively few
victims.
“We’ll probably audit about 2 per
cent of the returns,” Batdorf said.
But he warned that those in the high
er income brackets, $50,000 and
greater, have the greatest chance of
being called in.
The decision is left up to the agen
cy’s computer, which screens all re
turns. Last year, there were 2.3 mil
lion audits. Of those, 133,000 tax
payers found out they had cheated
themselves, and not the govern
ment.
IRS Commissioner Jerome Kurtz,
in an interview appearing in the
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United Press International
HOUSTON — In a promising new
approach to cancer treatment, a
Baylor scientist has developed a way
W modify the body’s system of im
munity and direct natural defenses
against marauding cancer cells.
The blood-processing technique
so far has produced dramatic results
in killing cancer cells and shrinking
mammary tumors in two-thirds of
the dogs tested.
; Still ahead, however, are critical
experiments to see if similar results
occur in human breast cancer.
W “The step from dog to human is a
giant step, and must be taken with
great caution,” said Dr. David S.
Terman, associate professor of medi
cine at the Baylor College of Medi
cine.
( “From the intensive studies now
ongoing in dogs, we should be able to
identify the mechanism of this
tumor-killing effect,” he said in an
interview. “With these findings, as
well as with adequate demonstration
of safety, we could then begin to con
ceive of an effective way of introduc
ing this to humans.”
Important to the study is that Ter-
man’s results, reported in February
issue of the Journal of Immunology,
have just been duplicated by origin
ally skeptical researchers at the gov
ernment’s National Cancer Institute
located outside of Washington,
i “We’ve confirmed his findings of
this phenomenon,” said Dr. Albert
Deisseroth of the cancer institute.
“I’ve looked at this question scien
tifically and I believe that the obser
vation of tumor regressions induced
by the treatment is valid.”
Dr. Subhash Bansal, who origin
ated the concept when he was at the
Medical College of Pennsylvania, re
ported two years ago that similar
treatment reduced tumor size in a
single human patient with colon can
cer. But the patient later died of the
disease.
Terman collaborated with Bansal
then refined the technique and fol
lowed up with detailed studies to de
termine why it works, its safety and
the best ways to use the treatment.
Even if the complicated technical
process works in humans, resear
chers emphasize considerable work
must be done before the treatment
can be considered a new weapon in
the war against cancer.
The technique involves running
an animal’s blood through a centri
fuge to separate cells from plasma,
and then passing the plasma through
a special chamber after which it is
mixed with the separated blood cells
and returned to the body.
Immunoglobulin, a protein also
known as an antibody, sticks to heat-
killed strain of bacteria contained in
the chamber. Antibodies are key
members of the body’s defenses
against foreign substances.
Some scientists believe the body
recognizes that tumor cells, at least
for some kinds of cancers, are foreign
to the body and that the immune
system produces antibodies to attack
specific tumors.
But, the theory goes, the proteins
serving as the tumor identification
markers —- the ones the antibodies
recognize — are released in large
numbers into the blood stream by
the tumor cells. The antibodies then
are swamped by this influx of marker
proteins, called antigens, and never
make it to the tumor.
The immune complexes — the
antibody-antigen combination —
stick to the bacteria in the chamber
and are removed from the blood. It
may be that antibodies are produced
or freed to go ahead and attack the
tumor cell itself.
One key question is why the pro
cess works in some animals but not in
others. Terman and his co-workers
report progress in resolving that
issue and expect to publish their
findings and additional results later
this year.
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latest issue of U.S. News and World
Report, said taxpayers fail to report
about 10 percent of their income —
costing the government $13 billion
to $17 billion.
He said the IRS will conduct addi
tional audits this year of returns from
persons who are self-employed —
people he described as the tax agen
cy’s primary compliance problem.
Taxpayers caught off guard by the
April 15 deadline will be granted a
60-day extension “simply for the
asking,” the IRS said.
The first refund checks were to
have been mailed Friday, but the
Treasury Department postponed the
mailing until Monday because it
wanted to make sure it had enough
money to cover them. Recipients
should begin to receive the checks
Tuesday.
United Press International
WASHINGTON — America
hopes its West European allies will
decide by next week to join in econo
mic sanctions against Iran, Deputy
Secretary of State Warren Christ
opher said Sunday. But two key
senators expressed doubts.
Christopher, appearing on ABC’s
“Issues and Answers,” said the allies
may act on the U.S. request for sanc
tions when the European Economic
Community foreign ministers meet
April 21.
“We’re looking for actions from
them at this point, not words,”
Christopher said. “We’re talking ab
out what good allies and good friends
do for each other when there is
trouble.”
But, in a separate interview on
CBS’ “Face the Nation,” Sen. Frank
Church, the Foreign Relations Com
mittee chairman, said he believed
the United States has lost “the lever
age we used to have” to get the allies
to go along with sanctions.
“We’ve lost our economic clout,
we’ve lost our place in the economic
market place, and we haven’t lost it
to any part of the Communist
world,” said the Idaho Democrat.
“We’ve lost it to Germany and the
Japanese, our trading partners, so-
called. ”
Sen. Henry Jackson, D-Wash.,
said he supported President Carter’s
latest moves but felt it would have
been wiser for the president to line
up allied and even some Third World
support before acting.
Jackson, who chairs the Senate
Energy Committee, agreed with
Church “the oil weapon” may make
the allies hesitant about joining in
sanctions.
“We should be prepared to share
whatever (oil) cutoff should occur,”
he suggested. “The Iranians need
desperately to sell that oil. And
clearly our allies should help in every
way possible.”
Christopher said the allied ambas
sadors had a “very disappointing
meeting” with Iranian President
Abolhassan Bani-Sadr in Tehran.
Their reports to their home govern
ments that Iran had no plans for re
lease of the hostages “certainly ought
to encourage (the allies) to take the
kind of economic sanctions we re
asking,” he said.
Even without allied support,
Christopher said, other nonmilitary
options remain open.
However he added, “I think the
fact is if we are not successful with
these sanctions that are in place now,
if the allies don’t join us, if the subse
quent nonmilitary actions we might
take don’t work, then we’ll have to
consider other options and they will
be less attractive than the options
which are open to us.”
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