world
THE BATTALION Page H
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1980
fapan’s no-armament constitution
jrouses unrest as threats grow
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Had to
:s. Really dit; United Press International
I TOKYO — Japan, constitutionally
was when prohibited from maintaining an
a from Evain^*y ) n avy or air force, is in the mid-
>m the bi: jig 0 f a storm over the nation’s de-
1978. Hi f ense policy.
ion untilhjjigju.S. Defense Secretary Harold
the winter Brown’s recent call for “combined
iave bougli planning efforts among the United
States, Japan and Western Europe to
ableto m er°“ nter ! )al ? , ? ce , the Sovi , et global
m y motherfF tar y buildup has provoked a flur-
■nts my ay attacks by opposition leaders in
mericansJ 6 Diet (parliament).
,ht forever, ^hbough the current controversy
ras prompted by Washington, the
perennial debate over defense is
feeply rooted in the Japanese post-
n ^ar psychology. Since defeat in
(Vorld War II, the nation has failed
Breach a consensus on how best to
Jefend itself.
a ||while the Soviets are rolling tanks
n Afghanistan and building militari-
wiear Japan’s northern borders,
•ritish urge
ifghanistan
politicians are still debating the leg
ality of the country’s so-called self-
defense forces, Japan’s armed forces
in everything but name.
Like all his predecessors in the
Liberal-Democratic Party which has
been in power for most of the post-
war period, Prime Minister
Masayoshi Ohira maintains that the
Japan-U.S. security pact — in effect
since 1952 — forms the backbone of
the nation’s security and fills what
the Defense Agency calls “gaps” in
the country’s defense capability.
And the gaps seem enormous.
In crude numbers alone, Japanese
defense intelligence figures that the
Soviet Union — the only major pow
er without a peace treaty with the
Japanese — has deployed some
300,000 ground troops, over 1.3 mil
lion tons of naval ships and 2,040
warplanes in the Soviet Par East.
This compares with Japan’s first-
line defense of 155,000 ground
troops, 174,000 tons of warships and
440 aircraft.
In terms of quality, the Japanese
defense is also far behind in most
crucial areas.
Recently the Japanese Defense
Agency said the Soviet Union has
upgraded its air power in the Far
East with deployment of supersonic
and low-flying Mig-27 fighter bom
bers, which reportedly have a range
encompassing all the Japanese Is
lands.
On naval warfare, the Soviet Far
East naval command is equipped
with the powerful Kiev-class aircraft
carrier Minsk, while the Japanese
admirals have to be content with
what one local newspaper call the
navy’s pride — a couple of missile
firing destroyers and other lesser
vessels.
Against Moscow’s awesome nuc
lear arsenal, Tokyo simply has to
seek shelter under the American
J7
leutrality
WHO'S AFRAlb OF THE EI&, liAl)
RUSSIAN) BEAR?
Cwe- aF-e^)
United Press International
|lOME — British Foreign Secret-
Lord Carrington proposed to his
uppean Economic Community
ners Tuesday that Afghanistan’s
leutrality should be internationally
|uaranteed if Soviet troops move
t
That neutrality must be accept-
ible to the Soviets as well as the rest
®the world, said a spokesman for
he nine-nation community said.
‘There was a consensus among the
misters that the British proposal
vas a good idea and discussion of it is
ffitinuing,” said Roger Beetham, a
1 pokesman for community commis-
iop President Boy Jenkins,
of its usual Iie Asked if Carrington was proposing
U N. force to guarantee neutrality
iave been untfl Afghanistan, Beetham said, “They
;hifts in kev aven’t got to that yet. The Danish
efegation said the idea should be
commentspehanneled through the United Na-
A.
>3r
liness.
ions but the subject of troops would
iave to be raised at a later meeting. ”
Beetham also was asked if
Washington would have to guaran-
; it would not go into Afghanistan if
Soviets pulled out. “That is
bething to be discussed,” he re-
id.
Beetham said Jenkins had reiter
ated the community statement of
Jan. 15 that the Soviets must not be
allowed to leave a Communist reg
ime behind them.
U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus
;c
ical
um
?nts
iharpl
cas
lator
ng on
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EVERV DRV 18 SfllE DRV
Id THE CLASSIFIEDS j
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nuclear umbrella.
While internationally acknow
ledged to have the technological
know-how to join the world’s exclu
sive nuclear club, most Japanese —
the world’s only war victims of the
atom bomb — are still adverse to the
possession of any form of nuclear
weapons.
Japan has officially counted itself
out of the nuclear game by adhering
to the nuclear nonproliferation
treaty.
Tokyo’s passive reaction to repe
ated U.S. calls to arms is very much
the result of historical irony.
Mindful of a possible revival of
pre-war militarism, the U.S. occupa
tion authorities dictated the unique
war-renouncing constitution on the
conquered nation.
Article 9 provides that the country
“renounces war as a sovereign right
of the nation,” and declares that
“land, sea, and air forces will never
be maintained.”
Holding the constitution as a
sacred document of Japan’s demo
cracy, most politicians — particular
ly those to the left of the political
spectrum — have resisted any effort
to rewrite it.
Pacifist groups and the vocal left
still see militarism a living spectre,
and the suggestion last year by the
country’s top general that the milit
ary might be forced to take “supra-
legal” action in time of a foreign inva
sion provoked a national outcry and
led to the general’s resignation.
Under such fierce opposition, the
government has been forced to hold
down defense spending and has
budgeted $9.3 billion, just 0.9 per
cent of the G N P — the lowest ratio in
all major industrial powers — for the
next fiscal year.
With politicians still sharply di
vided on national defense, the possi
bility of Japan playing any significant
role in the defense of the western
world seems remote.
■Almanac
United Press International
Today is Wednesday, Feb. 20, the 51st day of 1980 with 315 to
follow.
Today is Ash Wednesday.
The moon is moving toward its first quarter.
The morning stars are Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
The evening stars are Mercury and Venus.
Those born on this day are under the sign of Pisces.
On this date in history:
In 1809, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the power of the federal
government was no greater than that of any individual state of the
Union.
In 1938, Anthony Eden resigned as British foreign secretary to
protest the “appeasement” policy of Prime Minister Neville Chamber-
lain toward Nazi Germany.
In 1962, American astronaut John Glenn landed safely after three
torbits of the earth in a spacecraft.
In 1976, former President Richard Nixon and his wife left California
for a private visit to China.
A thought for the day: At the battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775
American Revolutionary War hero William Prescott said, “Don’t fire
until you see the whites of their eyes.”
Olney pancakes stack up;
default win to Kansan
United Press International
OLNEY, England — A television
truck blocked the finish line in the
Great TransAtlantic Pancake Race
Tuesday, producing a pile-up of
thwarted flapjack-flipping women
and forcing officials to declare two
winners.
But no winning time was given
because no one could cross the finish
line. At least one race official said it
looked like the ladies of Olney must
default to their competition in Liber
al, Kan., a few hours later.
“Th girls were not able to finish
the race properly,” said the Rev.
Ronald Collins, Anglican vicar of
Olney Church. “Nor could I take the
time.
Asked how it would affect the
trans-Atlantic competition with Li
beral, he replied, “It seems to me,
we have to give it to them this year.
Obviously we just have to renounce
any chance of winning this year.”
Vance left Washington Tuesday on a
tour of Bonn, Rome, Paris and Lon
don. He arrives in Rome today to
meet Italian Foreign Minister Attilio
Ruffini, who will report the present
meeting’s decisions to him.
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