THE BATTALION Page 7
MONDAY, JANUARY 15. 1979
New techniques may recover old oil
terrible em
, more th;in
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ress on gradi
ere is greater
cepted into
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elor's degrees
ai of the itiqi
he clinic trei
8.6 percent
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red with 10.5
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elp as men
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Dr. Godenne.
it out for the
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money. I
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s may feel
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to send
her problems
roommates,
nd sexual frusl
tie said the
ng is popular
s come here
'"lb™lltWorking before school even begins
rs with similar!?',
hat often helpXwo members of Texas A&M’s Women’s Drill Team practice
or the coming round of competitions. Freshman Sandra
Thorpe, right, rehearses a throw of her rifle to her partner.
3ne meet is scheduled this week in San Antonio.
■ J Battalion photo by Lee Roy Leschper, Jr.
rimee* hospitals may get aid
Time has become a factor in get
ting more oil out of Texas fields by
secondary means.
Primary producing methods left
behind 100 billion barrels. Secon
dary and tertiary recovery offer
ways of getting more.
Two things — economics and
time — stand in the way, says Dr.
Paul B. Crawford of Texas A&M
University. Government-controlled
oil prices make producing the oil by
secondary and tertiary methods cost
more than it brings on the market. A
Getty Oil spokesman said thermal
oil brings less than $5 a barrel under
federally-fixed prices. For compari
son, a barrel of foreign oil last fall
cost $14.
But even if price restrictions are
eased on domestic oil in the near
future, Crawford adds, enhanced
recovery faces the other problem.
“If we wait until wells are plugged
and abandoned, it’s very unlikely
that thes processes will be initiated
on a paying basis,” said the assistant
director of the Texas Petroleum Re
search Committee and a Texas
A&M petroleum engineering pro
fessor.
Crawford has tests in mind for
some Texas fields about to he closed
in. He has begun studies on adapt
ing fireflooding alternated with
steam to enhance recovery. Pre
viously unproductive separately in
shallow Texas fields, the techniques
have been applied with success in
other U.S. localities.
“Fire-flooding pushed oil out of a
reservoir like fire in a cigarette
pushes out tar,’ Crawford ex
plained. He believes a combination
of fire and steam should enhance re
covery in deeper Texas formations.
Once techniques are lab-proven,
field tests will require a series of
wells in a field in which production
has fallen off.
In the steam-fire alternated
method,” the engineer said, “steam
would be injected first to heat up
the rock and oil, thinning the oil.
Then a burn would be started and
manipulated by varying injected air
pressure, pushing the thinned oil to
producing wells. Cold water would
be injected after the burn, since it
would become steam on contact
with the heated rock.
An 80 to 85 percent recovery
might be expected due to ir
regularities in the oil-bearing rock.
Ten to 15 percent of the in-site oil
would be burned in fire-flooding.
“But the combined technique will
also encounter what I call the
baseball diamond problem,” Craw
ford said, a possible further limit re
covery. “Suppose we had injection
wells at first, second and third bases
and home plate, with the producing
well on the pitcher’s mound. How
do we get the oil out of left field?”
Minimum distances between in
jection and recovery wells can be to
lerated using enhanced recovery
techniques.
Enhanced methods costs run
high. Besides capital outlay for big
air compressors to obtain 1,000
pounds per square inch in deep res
ervoirs, companies will pay a double
price for injecting steam and fire.
“The price of oil produced by this
method should not he less than the
price the government allows on im
ported oil,” Crawford commented.
The Oil Producing and Exporting
Countries (OPEC) have in the last
six months twice boosted prices
from $14 a barrel.
“Federal pricing policy, in effect.
amounts to Congress voting to
provide jobs and lower taxes in
OPEC countries, instead of provid
ing oil, jobs and lower taxes in the
United States,” Crawford said.
“Free market pricing is required
to produce the energy we need to
warm our homes, run our busi
nesses and provide jobs for Ameri
cans.”
\&M Univenffi
4 secret eompe .
can t be hidde <
>n in 1977 and:, '
■lions relies on
Animal clinic begun
ifficials from Texas A&M Uni-
.. , sitv and the veterinary profes-
z tor a weaknesv k ..
., , . a hailed as a major step the
tern that mvol , «.• r c-iiir
ailed construction ot an $11.5
s r . libn clinical facility during
i' ,M0 r i un( l breaking ceremonies Wed-
ihe “word" be
le.
dav.
, TT . 'he 103,000-square-foot struc-
3rd U r e ™ 5 will require almost three years
icnary mhaiyU but wil , incIlK i e a n new
1 " 1 l’ ar leal and diagnostic facilities plus,
the first time, capabilities for
ig into
. dlingzoo and exotic animals.
0 go throughTO| as A&M p resi d en t j ar vis E.
" ' ler said the addition would sig-
110 longer 11 ^dy enhance the reputation of
sate codes" College of Veterinary Medicine,
is safe from | ^ be described as one of the
lei stones of the total University
ryptosystem, Sgl m
le also said the Legislative
———^S%et Board is prepared, for the
■ 0 : time, to recommend to legis-
T
rs in Austin that a separate ap-
priation be made to assist the
;e and small animal hospitals at
Texas A&M tht annually treat
thousands of referrals form local
veterinarians.
Speaking for the profession,
William L. “Dub Anderson, im
mediate past president of the
American Veterinary Medical As
sociation, called the facility “vital”
for continued preparation of the
best professionals.
He said Texas A&M’s veterinary
program was second-to-none among
those he had visited.
Dean of VCteririary Medicine
George C. Shelton described the
occasion as a “red letter day” for
which the college had been plan
ning for five years.
Shelton noted that Texas A&M,
the nation’s largest veterinary col
lege, trains about 10 percent of
America’s practitioners in a facility
built for about a fifth the present
size.
Figures indicate Texas A&M has
been operating on the smallest ratio
of square feet per student of any
veterinary program in the United
States.
Miller added that the new con
struction will complement the
cooperative human-veterinary med
ical program at Texas A&M, which
already includes the Institute of
Comparative Medicine adminis
tered jointly with Baylor College of
Medicine. ■*
ni-calyXMrrt.
Now you know
United Press International
The loudest rock group on record is
The Who which drove the level of
sound to 120 decibels — capable of
causing permanent shift of hearing
or partial deafness — at a London
concert in May 1976.
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