51 Carter says U.S. seeks cooperation
with Soviets in military arms buildup
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United Press International
ANNAPOLIS, Md. — President
Carter today declared the United
States seeks detente and peaceful
cooperation with the Soviet Union
but is adequately prepared if the
Soviets choose confrontation in
stead.
In an address to the graduating
class of the U.S. Naval Academy,
Carter said “detente between our
two countries is central to world
peace” but must be “truly recip
rocal.
“Both nations must exercise re
straint in troubled areas and in
troubled times, he said. “Both
must honor meticulously those
agreements, which have already
been reached, to widen coopera
tion, mutually limit nuclear arms
production, permit the free move
ment of people and the expression
of ideas, and to protect human
rights.'
Aides described the address as an
“olive branch to the Soviets, but
also a “very clear expression of Car
ter’s growing concern that the Rus
sian military buildup in Europe, in
creasing involvement in Africa and
denial of human rights in its own
country could damage detente and
erode public support for it.
The tone of the speech was
moderate but the message was
tough, against a backdrop of rising
international tensions.
The Soviet Union can choose
either confrontation or coopera
tion,” Carter said. “The United
States is adequately prepared to
meet either choice.
We would prefer cooperation
through a detente that increasingly
involves similar restraint for both
sides, similar readiness to resolve
disputes by negotiation and not vio
lence, similar willingness to com
pete peacefully and not militarily,”
he said.
Bnt the president added that
competition “without restraint and
without shared rules” will escalate
to graver tensions and the relation
ship will suffer.
"I do not wish this to happen — I
do not believe Mr. (Leonid)
Brezhnev desires it either — and
this is why it is time for us to speak
frankly and to face the problem
squarely,” he said.
As Carter spoke, diplomatic ob
servers were saying the United
States was giving conflicting signals
in the international arena. He ap
peared to be trying to dispel any
impression the United States is
wavering in its resources or resolve.
“Let there be no doubt about our
present and future strength,” he
told the graduates of the academy
from which he graduated. He also
said there is “certainly no cause for
alarm. The healthy self-criticism and
free debate which are essential in a
democracy should never be con
fused with weakness, despair or lack
of purpose.”
“Our long-term objective must be
to convince the Soviet Union of the
advantages of cooperation and of the
costs of disruptive behavior,” he
said.
Citing Africa as a point of tension.
Carter said “the persistent and in
creasing military involvement of the
Soviet Union and Cuba in Africa
could deny the vision of Africa as a
continent free of dominance by out
side powers.
He urged Russia instead to join
with the United States in speeding
the transition to majority rule in
Rhodesia and Namibia and peace
fully resolving the conflicts in
Eritrea and Angola.
Governor Brown
freezes job hiring,
United Press International
LOS ANGELES — Gov. Ed
mund G. Brown Jr. today signed an
executive order immediately freez
ing all job hiring and replacements
in the state of California as a result
of passage of Proposition 13.
Brown also announced he would
go before a joint session of the legis
lature today to lay out his adminis
tration’s plans for dealing with the
impact of the tax initiative which
cuts revenues to local governments
by approximately $7 billion a year.
The governor told a news confer
ence that he would ask for a limit on
state spending and that he would
implement cuts in the state gov
ernment where it was possible to do
so without causing “human suffer
ing.”
Brown said there would be no
new state taxes and the approximate
$5 billion surplus in the state treas
ury would be allocated to cities,
counties and school districts in the
most practical way possible.
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Cities now may be sued for
violation of persons’ rights
Pacemakers, mayonnaise
on latest government list
United Pi •ess International
WASHINGTON — In a surprise
turnabout, the Supreme Court has
handed the nation’s cities another
financial worry: they are subject to
damage suits for violations of an in
dividual’s constitutional rights.
The taxpayer will have to foot the
bill for this new protection under
the 1871 Civil Rights Act, which
punishes “any person” who, under
color of state law, deprives another
ofhis rights under the Constitution.
Cities are now “persons under the
act.
Prof. Oscar Chase of Brooklyn
University Law School, who won
the case for some New York City
women employees, said it is hoped
cities will be more careful in adopt
ing policies that might infringe on
guaranteed rights.
He suggested free speech and
prisoner rights as other areas where
the 7-2 ruling might have an impact.
The employees had been forced
by the school board to take un
wanted leaves of absence during
pregnancy. The policy since has
been changed.
The women can now go to U.S.
District Court and ask for back pay.
Chase said an estimated 10,000 per
sons were involved in the case. Still,
the city can claim it relied on the
law prevailing at the time and
should not be obliged to dip into its
debilitated treasury.
Justice William Brennan’s opin
ion overturned a 1961 ruling in a
Chicago case that immunized cities
from such suits. The Chicago case
arose from a nighttime raid on the
home of a black family, whose
members were treated roughly
while police ransacked the house for
evidence. The father was taken to
the police station but was never
charged with anything.
The widely used opinion, written
by retired Justice William Douglas,
allowed damage suits against gov
ernment employees as individuals
but not against the city itself.
Under the new reasoning, offi
cials may be sued — and the cities
will have to pay whatever juries or
judges award — if an officially
adopted discriminatory policy, or
dinance, regulation or “custom” is
being carried out.
Cities are not liable for improper
conduct of employees acting outside
the law. The offenders still can be
sued as individuals under the 1961
decision but often they are not fi
nancially able to pay damages.
United Press International
WASHINGTON — Mayonnaise,
microwave ovens and certain types
of heart pacemakers are on the gov
ernment’s latest warning list.
The Food and Drug Administra
tion said today surgically implanted
ARCO lithium-powered pacemak
ers have defects that could cause
them to fail. The FDA said the
company sent letters to doctors last
month recommending "close
monitoring of patients and pacer re
placement where indicated.”
The devices, which help maintain
the heartbeat by sending out elec
tronic impulses, were distributed
worldwide and 269 of the units are
still implanted in patients, the FDA
said.
The FDA also announced the re
call of more than 48,000 jars of Kraft
Real Mayonnaise with Pure Lemon
Juice, which it said were manufac
tured in equipment which had
“minute dead insects sticking to
the inside.
The mayonnaise, in 32-ounce
jars, was distributed in Florida,
North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama,
Tennessee, South Carolina, Mary
land, Kentucky, Mississippi and
Virginia. It was manufactured dur
ing March of this year.
The FDA also issued a warning
about 318 Caloric microwave ovens
which do not meet radiation safety
specifications. It said Caloric Corp.,
Topton, Pa., is making field correc
tions on the units that were distrib
uted nationally. The model in
volved, ERP383, was sold between
Feb. 14 and April 17 of this year.
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House committee to show in fall
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United Press International
WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. —
The head of a House subcommittee
studying President Kennedy’s assas
sination says his panel probably will
show this fall whether Lee Harvey
Oswald acted alone or as part of a
conspiracy in the slaying.
T think that from the physical,
scientific and forensic evidence we
will be able to demonstrate conclu
sively whether or not Oswald was
the lone shooter at Dealey Plaza,
the Rep. L. Richardson Preyer,
D-N.C., said in an interview pub
lished in Sunday’s Winston-Salem
Journal.
“Of course, from the scientific
evidence, you can’t answer the
question of whether he did have
help in a conspiracy,” Preyer added.
But I think we ll be able to answer
that too — until all of the evidence
is in, it’s impossible to say. But I
know we re going to answer a lot of
questions and a lot of various
theories.
Advanced technology has enabled
the committee to analyze films, rec
ordings and photographs bf the as
sassination with greater ability than
the Warren Commission could more
than a decade ago, he said.
“I think we may well be able to
explain shadows and the man be
hind the bush, said Preyer, allud
ing to the theory that an assassin was
behind a bush on the grassy knoll at
Dealey Plaza.
“We also have a film of a man
standing in the window of the depo
sitory. All this is being worked on.
We may have the man in the film
recognizable as Oswald, he said.
Another difference comes in the
newly refined Zapruder film of the
assassination. The difference be
tween the normal and refined ver
sions of the film “is startling,” ac
cording to one person who saw the
committee s version.
Some persons have argued Cuban
leaders were behind the assassina
tion, so Preyer traveled into Cuba
earlier this year looking for a Cuban
connection.
He refused to tell who he spoke to
and what he learned in Cuba, but
did say he still was “exchanging in
formation” with Cuban officials.
The committee’s findings proba
bly will be released in September
with about 20 days of open hearings,
Preyer said. There the committee
will present what it found in a step-
by-step sequence.
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