ill urge studied
United Press International
WASHINGTON — An-
ropologist Richard Leakey, and
Dr Roger Lewin biochemist and
ience editor of the British journal
New Scientist,” dispute the oft-
roposed idea that humans are born
ith an innate drive to kill each
iher.
On the contrary, Leakey and Le
in, contend that the evidence
iggests that we are more coopera-
ve than aggressive.
Leakey and Lewin, writing in
, --i birjust-published book “Origins,”
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and territorial struggles are part
f modern life but they argue that
ais behavior is the product of our
nvironment, not our genes.
“Anyone who argues for inbuilt
ggression in homo sapiens must
ee aggression as a universal instinct
the animal kingdom,” they wrote.
It is no such thing. ’
But Leakey, son of famed an-
bopologist Louis Leakey and di-
ector of the National Museums of
enya, and his co-author do not
laim that humans are naturally
ood natured toward one another.
“It is culture that largely weaves
he patterns in human societies,”
hey wrote.
165
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Looking at lower animals to ex
plain the behavior of humans,
Leakey and Lewin note that territo
rial claims are widespread among
different species, but not all animals
are territorial.
“That territoriality is flexible
should not be surprising,” they said.
“It is, after all, a biological adaption
to environmental conditions so that
the species may survive through suf
ficient access to food supplies and by
unhampered reproduction.
“If food resources and space are
scarce, then almost certainly there
will be conspicious territorial be
havior. It is likewise inevitable that
some individuals will fail to secure
sufficient food or a place in which to
rear a brood. These individuals are,
of course, the weakest, and this is
what survival of the fittest through
natural selection really means.
“Territorial behavior is therefore
triggered when it is required and
remains dormant when it is not,”
they wrote.
“We can say therefore that ter
ritoriality and aggression are not
universal instincts as such. Rather
they are pieces of behavior that are
tuned to particular life styles and to
changes in the availability of impor
tant resources in the environment. ”
As far as war is concerned,
Leakey and Lewin contend that
wars are planned and organized by
leaders intent on increasing their
power over people and resources,
and that it takes cooperation among
people to wage war.
“Powerful leaders have found
more and more to fight about and
increasingly effective ways of
achieving their ends,” thev wrote.
“We should not look to our genes
for the seeds of war; those seeds
were planted when, 10,000 years
ago, our ancestors for the first time
planted crops and began to be farm
ers. The transition from the
nomadic hunting way of life to the
sedentary one of farmers and indus
trialists made war possible and po
tentially profitable.”
Leakey and Lewin said what has
transformed the possible into reality
is the same factor that has made
human beings special in the animal
kingdom — culture.
“It is social and political
ideologies, and the tolerance or lack
of it between them, that brings
human nations to bloody conflict.”
“Orgins,” $17.95, is published by
E. P. Dutton, New York.
Virgin markers always vanish
United Press International
VIRGIN, Utah — It’s getting harder and harder
to find the Virgin in Utah because thieves keep steal
ing the road signs leading to the town.
“They disappear about as fast as we can get them
up,” Transportation Department Sign Forman Val
Robb said in the latest issue of the department’s
monthly magazine Centerline.
Robb said he has tried just about everything to
foil the thieves, but to no avail. His latest effort was
to bolt one marker atop 12-foot poles. It was gone in
a few days.
He said he’s going to try extra bolts next time, but
he says he frankly doesn’t think that will work
either.
THE BATTALION Page 11
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