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tested for clock
The physical principles for a new
atomic clock are being investigated
by physics professor Dr. Hans A.
Schuessler and his research group at
A&M.
They set this goal when they went
to work to develop the heart of a
device more accurate than present
atomic clocks. The present cesium
beam atomic clock and the hyd
rogen laser are accurate to about
one second in 30,000 years.
Schuessler began his work before
coming to TAMU and, in 1972, be
came one of three scientists in the
field of precision measurements to
receive the Precision Measurement
Grant made by the National Bureau
of Standards annually.
“Time is one of the most accu
rately measurable quantities
today,” Schuessler said, “and since
space flight is a reality, accurate
time measurements are needed.
Today’s methods have reached their
physical limits in their present sys
tems. On the other hand, with our
proposed method we have not yet
seen our limits.
“In a clock, the pendulum deter
mines the accuracy,” he explained.
“In an atomic clock, we use the in
ternal vibration of an atom as the
pendulum.
“In our project, mercury ions are
prepared in such a way that they
J
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THE BATTALION
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12, 1974
freely float in space and are unper
turbed by their environment,”
Schuessler pointed out. “We put
about a million ions in an ion cage
and suspend them by elec
tromagnetic fields in an arrange
ment of hyperbolic electrodes. The
ions are then polarized so that they
all are oriented along one axis,
which is determined by an external
magnetic field.
“To discover the internal vibra
tion or hyperfine frequency of the
ion, a variable frequency is applied
Page 7
to the ion cloud until the correct
frequency depolarizes the ions,” he
explained. “This frequency is then
measured and related to the stan
dard definition of the second used in
a normal clock.
“We chose mercury because it
has the highest internal frequency
(hyperfine structure) of the ele
ments that we are interested in,”
Schuessler added. “The higher the
frequency, the more accurate the
measurement can be made.”
Possible inhibitors
of cancer studied
Cyclic AMP may be the answer to
many questions about the growth
and inhibition of cancer, A&M sci
entists believe.
Cyclic Adenosine Monophos
phate (AMP), noted researchers
Joseph Nagyvary and Robert Gillen
of the Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, is naturally occur
ring in the body and is implicated in
many physiological problems,
among them cancer.
Normally in cellular growth,
there is little cyclic AMP per cell
and the cells grow. As growth nears
natural limits, the cyclic AMP in
creases and the cells stop dividing.
If cyclic AMP could be introduced
into cancerous cells, tumor growth
would probably be halted, accord
ing to Dr. Gillen.
“However, administration of cyc
lic AMP is not effective because re
searchers found that it was rapidly
destroyed by the body and didn’t
penetrate tissues efficiently,” he
continued.
To combat this, the A&M group
developed a series of analogs
(synthetics) of cyclic AMP which are
neutral triesters.
“These compounds are not easily
destroyed in the body and are more
effective than cyclic AMP as a
growth inhibitor of tumor cells in
tissue cultures,” Gillen went on.
“Moreover, mice with cancer have
had their life spans increased up to
50 percent when the neutral tries
ters have been used for
chemotherapy.
“We need to know how our com
pounds affect other physiological
processes,” he observed. “Further
knowledge along these lines is
necessary to show the suitability of
these analogs for treatments. Be
sides, we have hope that neutral
triesters of cyclic AMP may be of
benefit in diseases such as psoriasis,
shingles and even obesity.”
Current research by the A&M
group is proceeding in three phases.
First, work is continuing on improv
ing the yield of neutral triesters in
organic synthesis. Another area is
devoted to animal and tissue culture
studies. Finally, the interaction of
neutral triesters with enzymes as
sociated with cyclic AMP
metabolism is also being investi
gated.
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