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Safer Atmosphere
Needed For Apollo
SAVVY ENGINEERS
Texas Maritime Academy students at Galveston went to Union Carbide’s Texas City plant
to examine a disassembled heat exchanger and observe industrial shop practice in fabri
cation and assembly of component parts. Left to right, the group includes Dick Laughter,
Chip Harris, Dallas Johnson, Buddy Fredrickson, Joe Abschneider, heat transfer instruc
tor John Moore, Bill Ferguson, Hershel Michael and Bob Wise.
House Rep. To Be Speaker
THE BATTALION
Tuesday, January 16, 1968 College Station, Texas
Page 3
’Quakes Hit Sicily,
300Known Deaths
By LAWRENCE LEE
AP Aerospace Writer
SPACE CENTER, Houston <2P)
—Faced with a rapidly approach
ing deadline for a firesafe Apollo
spacecraft, NASA indicated Mon
day its intention to consider “en
riched air” rather than flame
feeding pure oxygen for breath
ing by astronauts in rockets on
the launch pad.
The pure oxygen atmosphere
had been stoutly defended by the
agency following the first Jan.
27, 1967, in which three astro
nauts died inside their Apollo
command module atop a rocket
at Cape Kennedy.
The air they breathed was 95
per cent pure oxygen, at a pres
sure a little greater than that of
the air outside their ship, and
the oxygen helped turn their
craft into a crematorium.
The fire touched off a major
redesign effort by the agency
and the company which build the
Apollo craft, the space division
of North American Rockwell
Corp.
Intests ending Jan. 7, engineers
at the Manned Spacecraft Center
tried 38 times to set fires delib
erately within the improved
spacecraft. Five attempts result
ed in blazes termed “unaccepta
ble” by agency engineers.
The agency said Monday that
a mixture of 60 per cent oxygen
Officer Election
Slated By Society
The College Station chapter of
the American Meteorological So
ciety will elect 1968 officers
Thursday.
The 7:30 p.m. meeting will be
held in Room 305 of Goodwin
Hall, announced Dr. Dale F. Leip-
per, chapter president.
Dr. Aikra Kasahara will pre
sent the program, a discussion of
weather systems origin, Dr. R. A.
Clark, program chairman, an
nounced.
A visiting professor, Dr. Kasa
hara is an affiliate professor
from the National Center for At
mospheric Research in Boulder,
Colo. He was previously on the
A&M staff as a research asso
ciate. Kasahara joined NCAR in
1963 following work at the Uni
versity of Chicago and New York
University’s Courant Institute of
Mathematical Science.
and 40 per cent nitrogen would
be used within the dummy ship
in a new round of tests beginning
Wednesday.
The decision was made by a
flammability review' board head
ed by Dr. Robert R. Gilruth, di
rector of the Manned Spacecraft
Center.
“Based on medical, operation
and engineering data, the 60-40
mixture of oxygen and nitrogen
is one we definitely want to in
vestigate,” said George Low,
manager of the Apollo spacecraft
program. “This is not to say that
we will suspend investigation of
other mixtures at various pres
sures.”
It is the first time the agency
has said publicly it is willing to
consider a closer-to-air mixture
for spacecraft breathing. Air is
a mixture of 21 per cent oxygen,
78 per cent nitrogen and traces
of other gases.
Pure oxygen, which was used
for the Gemini and Mercury
flights, was selected because it
requires less “plumbing” — and
thus, weight — than a mixture
of gases. It also protects astro
nauts from the dangers of nitro
gen pressure sickness, such as the
“bends” suffered by deep-sea
divers.
Spacemen venturing outside
their craft for space walks, or
extravehicular activities, use
pressure suits designed to oper
ate with pure oxygen. A mixed-
gas atmosphere would complicate
the design of the suits and make
them heavier.
Gilruth said in Monday’s terse
announcement that NASA now
retains three options: launching
with the I'egular air that every
one breathes, launching with en
riched air, such as that to be
used in the new tests, or launch
ing with pure oxygen, as origi
nally planned.
In any case, the spacecraft’s
environment system would re
place the air or enriched air with
oxygen, once the Apollo command
module is in space.
A 1965 agreement transferred
to Jordan 2,300 square miles of
virtually uninhabited territory in
exchange for 2,700 square miles
of equally desolate land which
went to Saudi Arabia. But Jordan
ecquired 11 new miles of sh.ci'eline
along the Gulf of Aqaba, crucial
for future development of the na
tion’s only port, Acqaba.
Rex Braun, member of the
House of Representatives, will be
the featured speaker at the regu
lar business meeting of the A&M
Hillel Club at the B’nai B’rith
Hillel Foundation at 7:30 p.m.
Wednesday.
Representative Braun will
speak on some of the issues con
fronting Texas State Government.
Born in Kenner, Louisiana, Rep
resentative Braun graduated from
Southwestern Louisiana Univer
sity. He served in the U. S. Marine
Corps from 1942-1946 in the Paci
fic and China Theatre. He now
resides in Houston with his wife,
Ruth and children, Mike, Lenny,
and Debby.
Representative Braun presently
is the president of Rex Tailors,
Inc., vice president of the V.&R.
Corp., and is a former chairman
of the board of Gulfgate and
Northline shopping centers. His
civic activities include area chair
manship of the United Fund and
he is a former president and coach
of Spring Branch Little League
football. He served as state rep
resentative in the Texas Legisla
ture in the 60th Session, 1966-
1968. His committees include Pub
lic Health, Constitutional Amend-
Thirty - four game warden
trainees at Texas A&M will re
ceive 40 hours of light duty
rescue training here Jan. 29-
Feb. 2.
Taught by the Firemen’s Train
ing Division of A&M’s Engineer
ing Extension Service, the course
represents the final segment of
20 weeks’ work at Aggieland by
the trainees.
John R. Rauch, a firemen’s
training school instructor, will
direct the school which empha
sizes rescue squad operations.
Topics include care and use of
ropes, breathing apparatus, metal
cutting and power rescue tools,
ments, Examination of comptrol
ler’s and Treasurer’s accounts,
Military and Veteran’s Affairs
and Representation before the
Legislature.
emergency methods of rescuing
victims, use of devices for heavy
lifting, and reconnaissance.
Ted Felds, director of the
Houston-Harris County Civil De
fense Rescue Service; Harold
Sorensen of the Brazos County
Civil Defense Rescue Service;
E. F. Sevison, A&M fire marshal,
and Richard Pulaski, plumbing
and pipefitting apprenticeship
coordinator for TEES, will assist.
Rauch said training includes a
night exercise at Brayton Field,
during which students will rescue
“victims” from various emergency
situations in “Disaster Village.”
After completing the school,
game warden trainees will move
to Austin for tours of surround
ing wildlife management areas
and the state fish hatchery at
San Marcos.
Bob Evins, conservation super
visor for the Texas Parks and
Wildlife Department, said train
ees will be commissioned as game
wardens about Feb. 15 in Austin.
PALERMO, Sicily — A
shattering succession of earth
quakes rumbled through the
snowy and mountainous western
tip of Sicily Monday. Police esti
mated nearly 300 persons were
killed.
With many of the stricken com
munities still out of touch, offi
cials feared the final death toll
might go to 500 or even more. The
injured were expected to exceed
1,000.
About 10,000 persons were left
without homes and spent the
night outdoors or under tents
pitched by the Italian army.
The quakes toppled houses,
hospitals, medieval castles and
churches in the worst disaster to
hit the island since 1908.A hos
pital at Montevago collapsed,
burying 200 persons. Police said
most were killed.
Spurred by police reports of al
most 300 deaths in the rubble of
half a dozen towns and villages,
the Italian government mounted
a massive rescue and relief opera
tion.
Trucks, cars, ships and planes
laden with tents, blankets, food
and medicines, made their way
through freezing weather to the
disaster zone. Hundreds of home
less huddled in the cold. Many
built bonfires.
The stricken area, considered a
stronghold of the Mafia, is
formed by a triangle of the towns
of Salemi, Poggioreale and Santa
Margherita di Belice.
Several thousand homeless,
fearing new shocks through the
Brazos A&M Club
Hears Grad. Dean
Dr. Wayne C. Hall, Texas
A&M’s graduate dean, will dis
cuss the economic impact of
graduate and research programs
on the community at the Brazos
County A&M Club meeting
Wednesday.
Officers will also be installed
at the 7 p.m. meeting at Clayton’s
Restaurant, announced Joe Buser,
the club’s new president.
The 1968 slate also includes
Hoy Richards, first vice presi
dent; Leonard Williams, second
vice president; Bob Roepke, secre
tary-treasurer; Jim Forehand,
assistant secretary-treasurer, and
Ed Cooper, council representative.
Dr. Hall will conduct the in
stallation.
Telephone reservations for the
ladies’ night meeting may be made
by calling 846-8713. Roepke noted
the meeting is the last before the
membership drive deadline.
volcanic island—the Mediterra
nean’s largest and most populous
—fled urban areas.
Five tremors had shaken the
region Sunday as it was digging
out from one of the worst snow
falls of the century.
Seven more came Monday,
starting at 2:34 a.m.
Some of the jolts recorded nine
points on the 10-point Mercalli
earthquake scale, strong enough
to knock down buildings.
“It was like going on a ship
and feeling dreadfully seasick,”
said a Palermo woman who joined
the crowds fleeing the capital
into the countryside.
Interior Minister Paolo Emilio
Taviani flew from Rome. Pope
Paul VI sent what the Vatican
called a “conspicuous” sum to the
victims.
The picture of the mountainous
farming region at dusk was a
scene of death and desolation.
In Montevago, where the hos
pital collapsed, volunteer rescue
teams and firemen, reinforced by
army troops, were still digging
mangled bodies out of the ruins.
Most of the town was destriyed.
Gibellina, a town of 7,000 in
habitants, was totally ruined.
Sulphur fumes belched through
several cracks in the mountain
side. Also wrecked was Sala-
paruta, where 3,120 farmers
lived.
More than half the buildings in
Santa Margherita di Belice, a
town of 9,000 were destroyed,
leaving only piles of plaster and
local stone.
Seventy per cent of Santa Nin-
fa, with 6,422 inhabitants, was
wiped out.
No serious damage was re
corded in the island’s main west
ern cities of Palermo, Trapani
and Marsala, although panic
stricken Sicilians wearing only
pajamas and topcoats, scurried
away from their homes at the
first tremor.
For elder Sicilians, the quake
evokes the bitter memory of the
terrible earthquake of Messina
in 1908. It destroyed the city with
a loss of 75,000 lives.
It was Italy’s second succes
sive winter tragedy. Only 14
months ago, the north and central
x-egions were ravaged by the worst
floods in the nation’s history.
Government officials gave this
breakdown of the quake toll:
More than 200 deaths in Mon
tevago, about 40 deaths in Gibel
lina, about 10 deaths in Castel-
vetrano, about 10 deaths in Salemi
and abqut 10 deaths in Santa
Marcherita di Belice. Another 20
persons were reported to have
died in various villages and ham
lets of the area.
34 Game Wardens Complete
Training With Rescue Work
J M. Sch«
(If you flunk, at least you'll be awake.)
Sure you've used NoDoz to help you
stay awake the night before an exam.
But have you ever thought of taking
NoDoz to make yourself a little sharper
during the exam itself?
Well, maybe you should.
Let's say you're one of those guys
who doesn't have to cram like mad the
night before. (Even so, you're probably
not getting your usual amount of sleep.)
And let's say the morning of the big
exam, you find yourself heading for
class, kind of drowsy and unwound
and wondering if The Great Brain has
deserted you in the night.
What do you do?
You panic, that's what you do.
Or, if you happened to read this ad,
you walk coolly over to the water cooler
and wash down a couple of NoDoz, the
Exam Pill. And before long you're feel
ing more alert and with it again.
You see, NoDoz helps bring you up
to your usual level of alertness, so you
don't just sit there in a fog; it's got what
it takes to help restore your perception,
your recall, and even your ability to
solve problems.
In fact, NoDoz contains the strongest
stimulant for your mind that you can
take without a prescription. Yet it's not
habit forming.
Okay, but what about the guy who
goofs off all term and has to jam every
thing in the night before.
Are we saying NoDoz will keep him
from flaming out?
Nope.
We're just saying
he'll be alert and awake.
As he flunks.
YOU CANT LOSE