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Battalion
College Entrance Exam
Adopted By Texas A&M
COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS THURSDAY, AUGUST 10, 1961
Number 130
Courtenay Writes
Outstanding Thesis
Henry V. Courtenay, assistant Encountered with Different Inter
professor in the Texas A&M De-1 viewing 1 Techniques in Consumer
Henry V. Courtenay
... Top master’^ thesis
partment of Agricultural Econom
ics and Sociology, is the author of
a master’s degree thesis selected
as one of the three outstanding
theses written in the field of agri
cultural economics in the United
States during 1960-61.
The selection was made by the
American Farm Economic Associa
tion.
Courtenay’s thesis concerned “An
Analysis of Response Variation
One-
*
Look
Eyed
Horse Gets
With Another
New
Eye
About two years ago, a valuable I them out of place on a fence post.
Appaloosa stallion was injured
and lost the sight of one of his
eyes. This loss of nature’s built-in
stereoscopic vision didn’t bother
the hoi'se much because one eye
was good enough fqr walking
around obstacles.
But to the stallion’^ owner, a
Southeast Texas man, appearance
was important. Some mare own
ers, he learned were a little leery
about coughing up a sizable fee to
have their animals bred to a one-
eyed stud. Maybe the foals would
be born, or develop, the same de
fect, they thought.
Genetically, this just isn’t so.
Physical injuries are not inherit-
(d. But the customer must be
pleased. What to do?
The horseman took his problem
b the School of Veterinary Medi
cine at Texas A&M, where the vets
have come to look upon, strange re
quests as almost routine.
Could the animal doctors make
and install an artificial eye for the
stallion ? They said they • doubted
if they could make one but they
would sure install it if the right
material could be ground and
shaped to the right size by an
optician.
Actually, A&M veterinarians had
already been working with eye fal
sies for horses—without much suc
cess. In two previous cases, the
animals showed their gratitude by
either losing the eyes or rubbing
But now the scientists were ready
to try some new ideas.
Dr. Robert S. Titus took over the
project. A Waco optical man, who
makes artificial eyes for humans,
was contacted. He set to work and
made a white ball out of acrylic
plastic, one of the toughest syn
thetic materials known. Glass was
ruled out because of weight and
fragility.
A portion of the ball was cut
off and made concave on one side
and convex on the other — dish
shaped in other words. A dark
brown iris and a black pupil were
painted on to match the horse’s
good eye. For protection, the
painted side of the eye was coated
with clear plastic.
Meanwhile, back at the veteri
nary hospital, Dr. Titus performed
surgery on the stallion. His tech
nique was to remove just about
everything from the socket except
the conjunctiva, more commonly
known as the white of the eye.
The optician made several trips
to A&M for eye-fitting- purposes.
A little plastic ground off here, a
little added on there, and the man
made eye was finally ready to be
slipped into place.
The new eye has been in service
since Feb. 21, which is a good sign
so far. There is no irritation, and
the animal goes about his usual ac
tivities without trying to dislodge
the eye. He can even blink and
shed a few tears.
There is some maintenance in
volved, however. About once a
month, the stallion’s owner must
clean the plastic with a bit of cot
ton.
Dr. Titus said that when the
animal is viewed from the side,
the artificial eye appears like the
real thing. From the front, though,
the difference is noticeable.
The veterinarian emphasized two
points: First, a false eye does not
pi-ovide sight. Second, this pai-tic-
ular case does not mean the proce
dure and technique are entirely
successful. It will be some time
before practicing veterinarians can
go into the horse eye business.
There are still many problems and
techniques to be worked out.
He also said the experiment was
expensive, the final cost to the stal
lion owner being from $250 to
$300.
If and when future cases like
this turn up, Dr. Titus has still
more ideas to try. He plans to su
ture the optic muscles to the con
junctiva to possible achieve co-or
dinated movement of the artificial
eye with the normal eye.
He said the overall technique,
when finally developed to the satis
faction of veterinarians, should
prove to be a valuable service to
owners of parade and show horses.
It may even be tried on dogs.
Marketing- Research.”
In this project, Courtenay com
pared direct versus indirect ques
tioning through a psychological de
vice called “picture frustration
technique.” He introduced a new
type of picture frustration struc
tured around popular television
quiz programs. The study was
based on 171 questions on consum
er motivation in purchases in the
City of Houston.
“Courtenay’s study adds signifi
cant depth to our teaching and re
search here in the A&M Depart
ment of Agricultural Economics
and Sociology,” Dr. Ty Timm, head
of the department, said.
Many colleges and advertising
and research agencies have re
quested copies of Courtenay’s
study. He presented a paper on
his thesis subject at the meeting
of the American Farm Economic
Association in Ames, Iowa, and at
the Rural Sociological Society
meeting Ihst year at Pennsylvania
State University.
Courtenay will present a report
on further research in this field at
the Rural Sociological Society
meeting Aug. 27 at Iowa State
University.
The economist will participate in
the joint annual meeting Aug. 13-
16 of the American Farm Economic
Association and the Western Farm
Economics Association at Colorado
State University, where he will re
ceive an award in recognition of
his outstanding thesis.
W. T. Doherty Gives
25-Minute Film
To Texas A&M
“To Sow This Seed,” a 25-min
ute, 16 mm. film has been pre
sented to Texas A&M by W. T.
Doherty of Houston. Doherty is
the former chairman of the Texas
A&M College System Board of
Directors.
The film deals with the neces
sity for vigilance in the preserva
tion of freedom.
Cunningham To Present
Zj
Graduate Space Lecture
One-Eyed Horse
. Held by Dr. Robert Titus
Newton W. Cunningham head, i
Lunar Sciences Program, National
Aeronautics and Space Administra
tion, Washington, D. C., will give
a graduate lecture at Texas A&M
today, at 7:30 p.m. in the Lecture
room of the Biological Sciences
building.
The lecture, “Project Surveyor
(Lunar Soft Landings,”) is open
to the public.
With successful achievements by
both Russia and the United States
of manned space flights now a
matter of record, much interest ex
ists currently as to the next step
in space probes and exploitations.
Many feel that the next major
“break-through” will be the ex
ploration of the moon and cis-lunar
space.
As head of the Lunar Sciences
Program of the National Aeronau
tics and Space Administration, Mr.
Cunningham is well qualified to
review- and discuss both the im-
i mediate and long-range objectives
of the NASA effort in this area.
Mr. Cunningham will bring us
abreast of the current plans and
progress in the lunar explorations
program under NASA, known as
Project Surveyor (Lunar Soft
4 You Can’t
Take It
With You’
AUSTIN — “You can’t take it
with you.”
That’s the thoughtless attitude
of the “litterbug”, who leaves a
trail of trash behind on Texas
highways and Roadside Parks.
The Texas Highway Department
asks that you do “take it with
you” when traveling, said State
Highway Engineer D. C. Greer.
“Summer is the time of year
when Texans and their families
enjoy the outdoors to the fullest,”
Greer noted. . “We encourage mo
torists to enjoy using our highways
and Roadside Parks — but please
leave them clean for the enjoyment
of others.”
Greer urged motorists to follow
these simple rules to stamp out
litter:
—Set a good example for your
childi-en and neighbors by always
disposing of trash in a proper re
ceptacle and carrying a litterbag
in your car.
—Aid your local civic organiza
tions in making people aware of
the need to keep Texas highways
beautiful by “stowing” trash, not
throwing it.
—Enjoy the picnicking facilities
of Roadside Parks but leave them
clean for the next visitor.
Greer commented that a lai-ge
percentage of the litterbugs are
not out-of-state tourists but are
Texas residents. “I am afraid that
many of our litterbugs are local
citizens,” he said. “They simply
do not think of the conseqqences
of thrbwing out an empty pack of
cigarettes, a napkin, or a bottle
and how these items, multiplied by
the thousands of motorists who use
our highways each day, can destroy
the scenic qualities of our highway
network.”
He pinpointed bottles as the
“triple threat” of highway litter.
“First, they are the hardest items
to pick up among the litter; sec
ond, they often break when thrown
from a car window and can cause
slashed automobile tires or injuries
to people who step on them; third,
they can be the origin of grass
fires caused by the summer sun’s
rays.”
System Effective
September, 1963
Texas A&M College will adopt the use of the College En
trance Examination Board program as a part of its testing
and placement activities.
Dr. Frank W. R. Hubert, dean of the School of Arts and
Sciences, said the new system will become effective in Septem
ber of 1963 for all entering students. All students admitted
to A&M College at that time and thereafter will be required
to take the tests.
Dean Hubert said the CEEB tests will include the Scho
lastic Aptitude Test, Achievement Test in Mathematics, arid
the Achievement Test in English Composition.
He added that although the program does not become
officially effective until Sep-' f ~
tember, 1963, students plan
ning to enter A&M in Septem
ber, 1962, will be encouraged
to take the tests.
Hubert said the College Entrance
Examination Board is a non-profit
membership association composed
of college and school representa
tives. CEEB’s service and research
activities relate to college admis
sions and are designed to help
students, schools and colleges to
cope with problems in this field.
He said the Board s best known
activity is its program of college
entrance tests required by many
colleges as part of their admissions
procedure and by sponsors of some
scholarship programs. The ex
aminations are prepared by Col
lege Board committees of school
and college teachers with the as
sistance of the professional staff
of Educational Testing Service.
The tests are administered for
the College Board by Educational
Testing Service on scheduled dates
during the year at about 1,700
centers throughout the world.
Hubert emphasized that the test
ing program at A&M is supple
mentary to the program of ad
missions and that the test results
are used primarily for placement,
counseling and research purposes.
“The adoption of the College
Board tests in no way changes the
established admission requirements
to Texas A&M College,” Dean
Hubert said. “These tests will en
able us to refine our procedures
for placements of students in the
various curricula of the college.”
He also emphasized that a stu-
(See Entrance Exams Page 4)
‘Study’ Article
Written By
Dr. D. M. Estes
Dr. Dwain M. Estes of the De
partment of Education and Psy
chology, Texas A&M, is the author
of an article in the current issue
of the Texas Outlook, official
monthly periodical published by
the Texas State Teachers’ Associ
ation.
The article, “I Wish I’d Studied
Harder,” is a report on research
done through questionnaires and
interviews with 445 freshmen as
they enrolled at A&M. The survey
was designed to reveal the attitude
of entering freshmen toward their
previous schooling. Regi’et for the
lost opportunities for learning that
slipped by during high school was
the major response in their an
swers to questions.
Another of the findings was that
only 59 indicated sufficient help
by teachers and counselors in guid
ance toward future educational
plans and occupations. Parents
were given credit for the major
role in this respect.
Other findings show that stu
dents indicated strongly that they
needed help in developing study
habits. There was an overtone of
serious concern that college was
going to be “tough” for them and
they were ready to “tackle” it.
Landing), by means of a talk and
16 mm. films on the subject, the
announcement says.
Mr. Cunningham received his
bachelor of science in aeronautical
engineering and meteorology from
the University of Texas and a
master of science in meteorology
and physics from Texas A&M.
As a consultant for W. E. How
ell Associates of Lexington, Ken
tucky, Mr. Cunningham conducted
and managed meteorological re
search projects in Canada, Domini
can Republic, Cuba and the United
States. While at A&M he conduct
ed basic research programs for the
Texas A&M College Research
Foundation, and served as Admin
istrative Assistant to the Head,
Department of Oceanography and
Meteorology. Prior to becoming
Head of the Lunar Sciences Pro
gram of NASA, Mr. Cunningham
was a Staff Specialist in the Lun
ar Sciences at the NASA head
quarters at Washington, D. C.
Mr. Cunningham is a member of
the American Rocket Society, Sig
ma Xi, and the American Meteoro
logical Society. He is the author
of several publications and classi
fied reports in the field of Meteor
ology and Space exploration.
Wins
Prof. Richard E. Wainerdi of Texas A&M
is presented the American Institute of
Chemical Engineers Award given to the
author presenting the best paper at the
national meeting of the AICE held in Cleve
land, Ohio, May 7-10. The paper, “The Use
of Neutron Activation Analysis in Chemical
Progress Control,” was prepared by Wainer-
Award
di with the assistance of Lloyd Fite, James
Anderson, Walter Breen and John Shanks,
graduate students in electrical engineering
at the College. Professor Wainerdi is assis
tant to the dean of engineering and head of
the Activation Analysis Research Labora
tory. Fred Benson, right, dean of engineer
ing, presents the award.