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The Eagle Printing Co.
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WHAT HAS CHEMISTRY DONE FOR
THE COTTON SEED OIL
INDUSTRY?
I think it is not too broad a state
ment to say that the present cotton
seed oil indusry owes is existence, its
rapid development since birth, and its
future progress to the chemist. In
the earliest records we find a Dr.
George Hunter, a chemist and druggist
of Philadelphia, having made experi
ments with oil taken from cotton seed.
Realizing that the oil thus obtained
was a valuable product, he moved to
New Orleans to engage in the indus
try, but owing to unfavorable condi
tions at that time he was not success
ful. Some thirteen years later a small
bottle of oil was exhibited which the
owner claimed cost $12,000. After the
Civil War a mill was built in South
Carolina and another in New Orleans,
which marks the beginning of the in
dustry on a commercial basis. ToUay
the mills in the United States number
over 900, of which over 800 are in
the South, which represents an in
vestment of over one hundred and
twenty-five million dollars.
The mills in the United States are
called cotton seed oil mills, or “oil
mills,” for short, owing to the fact
that the oil obtained is the most valua
ble part. Similar mills in Europe are
called meal mills, as their meal is
more valuable. (This is due to the
inferior grade of cotton grown in
European countries, which gives a low
grade oil.) The early development of
the cotton seed oil mills is very inter
esting to the producer as well as to
the manufacturer, hut this is past his
tory, and it is more important to con
sider the present conditions of the
industry. The different products that
are on the market today that owe
their existence to the advancement of
chemistry are many. In the museum
(Department of Chemistry) we have
over twenty-five products that the
farmer can easily obtain all made
from the seed he raised. The chemist
has taken the crude oil that comes
from the mill and converted it into
a superior quality of cooking oil which
has surpassed its old competitor, hog
lard. This cooking oil is odorless,
tasteless and practically colorless and
is produced without the use of any
injurious chemicals. One pound of
this oil is equal to one and a third
pounds of hog lard for cooking pur
poses. As a salad oil it surpasses
olive oil. The United States Board of
Official Chemists at Washington
has classified it with olive oil without
discrimination and it has been shown
that it is more digestible than olive
oil. The oleomargarine manufactured
from cotton oil is far better than the
unsanitary butter often placed on the
market. In the refining of the crude
oil there is a refuse obtained which
is commercially called “soap stock.”
Only a few years ago this soap stock
was used only for making the cheap
est grade of laundry soap; today it is
used for the best grade of toilet soap.
The manufacture of miners oil from
cotton oil is an important develop
ment.
Next to the oil, cotton seed meal is
the most important article of the
mills. Its best uses are for feeding
purposes and fertilizers. While cot
ton seed meal is one of the best com
mercial fertilizers produced, it is too
valuable to be used extensively for
this purpose, as the fertilizer value
can be obtained after feeding. The
value of the meal for both feeding and
fertilizing purposes is determined by
chemical analysis.
The lint, which is the short cotton
taken from the seed after ginning, is
manufactured into quilts, pillows and
mattresses. The reader may ask
where does chemistry play its part in
the above mentioned articles? To be
frank, it does not have apart here.
Must the chemist he satisfied? No.
He has gone to work and the results
are he has put on the market silk
equal to that produced by the Italy
silk worm, artificial hair that is used
as a substitute for horse hair, which
is used in the manufacture of hats.
Hair brushes and clothes brushes are
also made, all from the line that the
oil mill man takes from his seed.
I must say that the products that
are at present on the market were no
easy task for the chemist to accom
plish. Step by step, year after year,
advancements have been made. For
many years the crude oil was refined
by crude methods of refining, pro
ducing an oil which had left an acid
flavor, which prevented the oil being
used for eatable purposes. A new
process of refining enabled the manu
facturer to put his oil on the market
as an eatable oil, absolutely harmless.
Why should not the Southern agri T
cultural colleges take more interest
in oil mill products; making practical
experiments and advertising results,
for the oil mills have been and are
the South’s greatest industries? The
field for experimentation is unlimited.
W. T. BRYANT.
q D al.tt.-AMERICAN STEAM LAUNDRY-—,
DRY CLEANERS, DYERS AND HATTERS
W. P. MARTIN, College Agent
34 Milner
BRYAN, TEXAS
Phone 585
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